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2.1 Introduction To Polynomials Notes 20.21

Polynomials are mathematical expressions containing more than one term. They have properties such as degree, leading coefficient, real zeros, turning points, and end behavior. The degree is the largest exponent in a polynomial term. Real zeros are the x-values where the graph crosses the x-axis. Turning points occur where the graph changes from increasing to decreasing or vice versa. Even degree polynomials have different end behavior than odd degree polynomials.

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45 views4 pages

2.1 Introduction To Polynomials Notes 20.21

Polynomials are mathematical expressions containing more than one term. They have properties such as degree, leading coefficient, real zeros, turning points, and end behavior. The degree is the largest exponent in a polynomial term. Real zeros are the x-values where the graph crosses the x-axis. Turning points occur where the graph changes from increasing to decreasing or vice versa. Even degree polynomials have different end behavior than odd degree polynomials.

Uploaded by

Isabela Alonzo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polynomials

Polynomial:
Example 1: An expression/equation
containing more than one
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 4 + 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 4𝑥𝑥 − 1 term.
Term:
Monomials separated in a
polynomial by addition or
subtraction.
Standard form:
A function written with terms
that are ordered from biggest
exponent to lowest exponent.
Factored Form:
A polynomial that can be
written as only the
multiplication of factors.

Example 2: Coefficient:
A number multiplied to a
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 + 3)2 (𝑥𝑥 + 1) variable.
Constant:
A term that does not change
(not modified by a variable).
Leading Coefficient:
The coefficient of the first term
in standard form.

Degree:
Largest exponent of all the
monomial terms in standard
form or addition of number of
x’s in factored form.

Turning Point:
Example 3:
Where the function changes
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 + 1)(𝑥𝑥 2 + 4) from inc to dec or dec to inc.
(Local max/min)

Real Zeros(roots):
Values where the function
passes through or bounces off
the x-axis.
Odd vs. Even Degree Functions and End Behavior

Even degree functions - Odd degree functions -

Real Zeros and Cubic/Quartic Functions:


Example 4

1
Given: 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = (𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 − 1)(𝑥𝑥 + 3)
5

a) Degree:

b) State the zeros and plot them on the graph.

c) Sketch the graph by hand.

d) Write the function in standard form.

e) How close are the coordinates of your turning points on your hand graph than that of the
calculator?

Example 5 –

Given: ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = −(𝑥𝑥 + 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 1)(𝑥𝑥 − 4)2

a) Degree:

b) State the zeros and plot them on the graph.

c) Sketch the graph by hand.


Example 6 - State the end behavior of the
graph without graphing.

a) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 4 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 5

L.C.: Degree:

b) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −(𝑥𝑥 − 5)(𝑥𝑥 + 6)

L.C.: Degree:

1
c) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = − (𝑥𝑥 − 6)5
3

d) 𝑗𝑗(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 9𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 − 1

Example 7 – Write a general equation from given zeros, bonus if you can sketch and state end
behavior without using the calculator!

a) Write a cubic function in intercept form that has the following real zeros. x = 5, -2 and -4

b) Write a quartic function in intercept form that has the following real zeros. x = 6, -2, -1, 3

c) Write a cubic function in standard form that has the following zeros. x = 1, 2i, -2i

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