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Hall Sensor Diagram

The circuit diagram shows a magnetic field sensor circuit built around an integrated circuit hall effect sensor and op-amp. The hall effect sensor detects magnetic fields and its output is amplified by the op-amp. The amplified signal is fed into a meter circuit and potential divider to display readings on the meter. A potentiometer is used to balance the meter readout and zero it out when no magnetic field is present. The circuit can detect small bar magnets from 100mm away and produces an audible hum from AC mains cables when tested.

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Johurul Islam
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453 views7 pages

Hall Sensor Diagram

The circuit diagram shows a magnetic field sensor circuit built around an integrated circuit hall effect sensor and op-amp. The hall effect sensor detects magnetic fields and its output is amplified by the op-amp. The amplified signal is fed into a meter circuit and potential divider to display readings on the meter. A potentiometer is used to balance the meter readout and zero it out when no magnetic field is present. The circuit can detect small bar magnets from 100mm away and produces an audible hum from AC mains cables when tested.

Uploaded by

Johurul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The input amplifier, based on IC1a, ensures that the signal from the induction coil, L1, is amplified

x 101. The coil is terminated


into a high impedance, so that its output is buffered by the op amp. The integrator consists of IC1B, another of the four op
amps contained in IC1.The (active) rectifier, based on IC1c, is, in fact, a differential amplifier that lessens the average voltage
by the output potential of the integrator. Since the op amp is powered asymmetrically, the output is a half-wave rectified
alternating voltage. This voltage is averaged by R16-C6 or, in case a DVM is used as the meter, by R18-R20- C7. The form
factor (2.22) is corrected by the rectifier. The level matching is purposely carried out by the rectifier since this op amp has a
much larger swing than IC1a or IC1b.

Magnetic field (Gauss) meter circuit design

The principle of the present meter is shown in the block diagram in Figure 1. The induction coil used to detect the magnetic
field is represented by an alternating- voltage source, V1, whose average output is 1 µV. The output of the source is amplified x
101 by op amp X1. The op amp is linked to integrator X2 which provides frequency-dependent amplification. For direct-voltage
signals this is 1000, for high-frequency signals it is 0. The cross-over frequency is chosen so that the amplification is uniform
over the range in which magnetic induction is to be measured (40 Hz – 10 kHz). Feedback network R4-R6 automatically
ensures that the circuit has a stable d.c. operating point at all times. This makes it possible for relatively inexpensive op amps
to be used. Also, the internal attenuator ensures that the maximum d.c. amplification is x 101 (1+R6/R5). The value of R6/R5
also determines the lower limit of the frequency range.

Magnetic field meter circuit diagram


The circuit diagram of the meter is shown in Figure 2. It consists of an input amplifier, integrator, automatic offset correction
network, rectifier with d.c. suppression, display and associated drive, power supply, and a socket for connection to a digital
voltmeter (DVM).

Op amps IC1a and IC1b carry a pure sinusoidal signal that alternates symmetrically around a direct voltage of 3 V, whereas
that of IC1c alternates around 0 V. This means that this op amp can handle an amplification of x 2.2 much better than the
earlier two. The drop across C6 is used by the display driver, IC2, to represent the strength of the magnetic field. The driver
has its own reference-voltage source. This 1.25 V source is also used to derive an auxiliary voltage for op amps IC1a and IC1b.
The potential at node A is [ ( R14 + R15 ) / R15 ] x 1.25 = 3 V.

The minimum voltage at which IC2 provide full drive is 1.2 V. Since the IC is driven by an averaged potential, the signal level
required for full drive is 1.2 x Pi = 3.77 Vpp. Because the signal amplification takes place in the rectifier, that is, the op amp
with the largest drive range, a drop in battery voltage does not immediately affect the accuracy of the meter. The display driver
controls ten LEDs. The diagram clearly shows which LED lights at a given fieldstrength. When D10 lights, the measured
fieldstrength >=2.3 µV, rather greater than the upper limit specified in MPRII (250 nT). If the meter is linked to a DVM, this
must be set to its 200 mV direct- voltage range. The measurement range is then 50 nT – 2 µT. Measuring levels below 50 nT is
not possible owing to the noise floor.

Magnetic-field meter construction

The circuit is best built on the printed circuit board shown in Figure 3, which reduces the necessary work to a minimum.

Magneto field meter PCB


The induction coil is a DIY job. The core on to which it is wound is made from two strips cut off the PCB. These strips are
formed into a ‘sandwich’ separated by four 1.3 mm dia. solder pins in the indicated positions. Note that the track side of both
strips must face the motherboard. The broad strip has two solder pads to which the coil terminals are soldered. The third pad
merely serves to increase rigidity. Close-wind 121 turns of 0.2 mm enamelled copper wire on to the core. If this is done
carefully, the winding will consist of exactly five layers. Place the coil against the motherboard in such a way that the three
copper pads at the edge of the motherboard coincide with the corresponding pads on the coil. Solder the coil to the
motherboard.

The remainder of the wiring is straightforward. First lay the wire bridge at the centre of the board. After the two solder pins
have been soldered into place, solder the resistors and capacitors on to the board. Mind the polarity of the electrolytic
capacitor. The ICs may be soldered directly to the board, but sockets may be used as well. The last components to be placed
are the LEDs. These diodes are in three groups, each of a different colour. The green of D1-D3 indicates a safe level; the yellow
of D4-D6 a dubious level; and the red of D7-D10 a risky level. After switch S1 and the 9-V battery have been connected, the
circuit is ready for use. It is best to build it into a suitable case to make a compact measuring instrument. The meter need not
be calibrated since the measurement error is negligible, provided the correct components have been used and the induction coil
has been wound carefully.
Circuit Parts list

Resistors:
R1, R9, R11*, R14 = 10 kOhm
R2*, R5, R7* = 1 kOhm
R3*, R6, R16 = 100 kOhm
R4, R8 = 1 MOhm
R10, R12 = 22 kOhm, 1%
R13 = 100 Ohm
R15 = 6.8 kOhm
R17 = 3.9 kOhm
R18, R19* = 39 kOhm
R20 = 82 kOhm, 1%
* = 1%

Capacitors:
C1, C7 = 100 µF, 10 V, radial
C2 = 10 nF, metallized polyester film, 5%
C3 = 4.7 µF, 10 V, radial
C4 = 10 µF, 10 V, radial
C5 = 47 pF
C6 = 2.2 µF, 10 V, radial
C8 = 100 µF, 16 V, radial

Inductors:
L1 = see text

Semiconductors:
D1-D3 = LED, green, high efficiency
D4-D6 = LED, yellow, high efficiency
D7-D10 = LED, red, high efficiency
D11 = 1N4148
Integrated circuits:
IC1 = TLC274
IC2 = LM3915

Miscellaneous:
S1 = single-pole switch with make contact
PC1-PC4 = soldering pin 1.3 mm dia.
Bt 1 = battery 9 V
Enclosure as suitable

LM3915 datasheet

A small and not very powerfull bar magnet can be detected at about 100 mm from the sensor. It has a Hall Effect sensor
(UGN3503U) and IC2 (OP77GP or TL071CP), a precision opamp which is used to provide some additional amplification.

Meter ME1 is connected between the output of IC2 and the potential divider and it therefore responds to the voltage difference
between the two. If audio rather than DC performance is of most importance it would be advisable to use TL071CP for IC2 and
then reduce the output resistor from 33k to 27k.

A 6V battery supplies power to the magnetic field sensor circuit and the current consumption is only about 9mA. Do no use a 9V
battery as this will result in the maximum supply voltage rating of IC1 being exceeded.

Testing the magnetic field sensor

When the unit is first switched on it is likely that the meter will be driven fully positive or negative. With careful adjustments of
Balance control VR1 it should be possible to zero the meter and placing the probe near any magnetized object should then
produce a suitable response.
Applying a “North Pole” close to the surface it will produce a positive reading, and applying a “South Pole” to it generates a
negative reading.

Placing the probe against the power cable of any mains powered device that is switched on should produce a 50 Hz “hum” from
the earphone.

The circuit is reasonably stable, but occasional readjustment of VR1 will be required.

Sent by Viktor Kapra, Ukrain.

DIY Magnetic Field Sensor Circuit Diagram

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