User's Manual

(c) 2008 R-tools Technology Inc.

All rights reserved.
www.r-tt.com
© 2008 R-tools Technology Inc.
All rights reserved.

No part of this User's Manual may be copied, altered, or transferred to, any other media
without written, explicit consent from R-tools Technology Inc..

All brand or product names appearing herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective holders.

R-tools Technology Inc. has developed this User's Manual to the best of its knowledge,
but does not guarantee that the program will fulfill all the desires of the user.

No warranty is made in regard to specifications or features.

R-tools Technology Inc. retains the right to make alterations to the content of this
Manual without the obligation to inform third parties.
 Contents I

Table of Contents
I Introduction to R-Studio 1
1 R-Studio Features
................................................................................................................................... 1
2 System Requirements
................................................................................................................................... 3
3 Contact Information
...................................................................................................................................
and Technical Support 3
4 R-Studio Main Panel
................................................................................................................................... 3
5 R-Studio Settings
................................................................................................................................... 6

II Data Recovery Using R-Studio 11

1 Basic File Recovery
................................................................................................................................... 12
Searching for a File
.......................................................................................................................................................... 18
Previewing Files.......................................................................................................................................................... 20
File Masks .......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Regular Expressions
.......................................................................................................................................................... 24
Event Log .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
2 Advanced Data...................................................................................................................................
Recovery 25
Disk Scan .......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Customizing File..........................................................................................................................................................
Types 35
Regions .......................................................................................................................................................... 37
Images .......................................................................................................................................................... 38
3 Mass File Recovery
................................................................................................................................... 40
Find and Mark Multiple Files
.......................................................................................................................................................... 41
Recover Multiple..........................................................................................................................................................
Files 42
4 Volume Sets and
...................................................................................................................................
RAIDs 43
Basic RAID Operations
.......................................................................................................................................................... 43
Working with Advanced RAID Layouts
.......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Description File ..........................................................................................................................................................
for RAID Configurations 49
5 Data Recovery ...................................................................................................................................
over Network 50
Data Recovery over Network
.......................................................................................................................................................... 50
R-Studio Agent .......................................................................................................................................................... 52

III Text/Hexadecimal Editor 55

1 Viewing and Editing
...................................................................................................................................
Objects 55
2 Creating Custom
...................................................................................................................................
Patterns 61
3 Pattern Example
...................................................................................................................................
I 64
4 Pattern Example
...................................................................................................................................
II 68

IV Technical Information and Troubleshooting 72

1 IntelligentScan...................................................................................................................................
Technology 72
2 Data Recovery ...................................................................................................................................
Issues 73
3 Data Formats ................................................................................................................................... 74
4 Data Recovery ...................................................................................................................................
on HFS/HFS+ File System 75
5 Bad Sectors ................................................................................................................................... 75

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 II R-Studio Manual

6 R-Studio Switches
................................................................................................................................... 76
7 Properties Tab................................................................................................................................... 77

V R-Studio Emergency 83
1 Contact Informaiton
...................................................................................................................................
and Technical Support 83
2 Installing R-Studio
...................................................................................................................................
Emergency Startup Media Creator 83
3 Creating Startup
...................................................................................................................................
Disks 84
4 R-Studio Emergency
...................................................................................................................................
Operation 92
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Emergency Startup Disks
.......................................................................................................................................................... 92
File Recovery .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Searching for a File
.......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Disk Scan .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Disk Images .......................................................................................................................................................... 94
5 R-Studio Emergency
...................................................................................................................................
Technical Information 95
Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer
.......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Network Drives .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Log .......................................................................................................................................................... 96
6 R-Studio Emergency
...................................................................................................................................
Hardware Compatibility List 96

VI R-Studio Agent Emergency 101

1 Contact Information
...................................................................................................................................
and Technical Support 101
2 Installing R-Studio
...................................................................................................................................
Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator 101
3 Creating Startup
...................................................................................................................................
Disks 102
4 Starting a Computer
...................................................................................................................................
with the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Disk 105
5 R-Studio Agent
...................................................................................................................................
Emergency Hardware Compatibility List 106
Disk Controllers
.......................................................................................................................................................... 106
Network Cards .......................................................................................................................................................... 115

Index 127

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 1

I Introduction to R-Studio
R-Studio is a family of powerful and cost-effective undelete and data recovery software. Empowered by
new unique data recovery technologies, it is the most comprehensive data recovery solution for recovery
files from from FAT12/16/32, NTFS, NTFS5 (created or updated by Windows 2000/XP/2003/Vista), HFS/HFS+
(Macintosh), Little and Big Endian variants of UFS1/UFS2 (FreeBSD/OpenBSD/NetBSD/Solaris) and
Ext2FS/Ext3FS (Linux) partitions. It functions on local and network disks, even if such partitions are
formatted, damaged or deleted. Flexible parameter settings give you absolute control over data recovery.

R-Studio Features
Contact Information and Technical Support
Data Recovery Using R-Studio
Basic File Recovery
Advanced Data Recovery
Mass File Recovery
Volume Sets and RAIDs
Data Recovery over Network
Text/Hexadecimal Editor
Technical Information and Troubleshooting
R-Studio Emergency
R-Studio Agent Emergency
1.1 R-Studio Features
R-Studio is a family of file restoring utilities. It recovers files both on local disks and on disks on remote
computers over network, even if their partition structures are damaged. A unique IntelligentScan
technology and flexible parameter settings give you real control over the fastest data recovery ever seen.
R-Studio features:
· Standard "Windows Explorer" - style interface.
· Host OS: Windows 9x, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, 2008.
· Remotely recovers data over network. Data can be recovered on network computers running Win9x,
ME, NT, 2000, XP, or Linux and some other UNIX OS.
· Supported file systems: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5 (created and updated by Win2000 or
XP), Ext2FS/3FS (created by Linux or other OS), HFS, HFS+, HFSX, and UFS1, UFS2, UFS
BigEndian (used by the FreeBSD, OpenBSD, and NetBSD operating systems).
Please note, that when a file is being deleted on the HFS, HFS+, HFSX file systems, the computer
completely removes all system information on it, and there is no way to recover the deleted file
except by using the Extra Search for Known File Types option. Nevertheless, R-Studio is able to read
existing files from HFS, HFS+, and HFSX disks.
· Support for known file types. R-Studio searches for files with known typical features of their
structures allowing the user to search for files on devices with unknown files systems, including an
HD, CD, DVD, floppy disk, Compact Flash Card, USB drive, ZIP drive, Memory Sticks, and other
removable media.
· Scan process visualization. While scanning an object, R-Studio graphically shows items that have
been found, including files of known types, FAT and NTFS MFT records, boot records, etc.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 2 R-Studio Manual

· Mass file recovery support.

· Dynamic disk support.
· Software RAID, volume set, and stripe set support. Support for various unusual RAID configurations.
Parameters like block size and order, offsets, and even the number of stripe blocks can be explicitly
specified. Custom RAID configurations can be saved.
· Hardware RAID, volume set, and stripe set support.
· Creates image files for an entire hard drive, logical disk, or its part. Such image files can be processed
like regular disks. Images can be either simple exact object copies (Plain images) compatible with the
previous versions of R-Studio, or compressed images that can be compressed, split into several parts,
and password-protected. Such images are fully compatible with the images created by R-Drive
Image, but incompatible with the previous versions of R-Studio.
· Recovers files on damaged or deleted partitions.
· Recovers compressed files (NTFS, NTFS5).
· Recovers encrypted files (NTFS5).
· Recovers alternative data streams (NTFS, NTFS5).
· Recognizes localized names.
· Recovered files can be saved on any (including network) disks visible by the host operating system.
· A hexadecimal disk and file editor supporting NTFS file non-resident attribute editing.
· Patterns (or templates) in the hexadecimal editor allowing for parsing the data according to specific
data structure. Such patterns may be custom-created.
· File preview. Most of the file types can be previewed to estimate recovery chances.
· Enhanced remote host scanning procedure. In the new R-Studio network versions, data are analyzed
on the remote host rather than on the home host, thereby the speed of recovery procedure greatly
increases.
· R-Studio Emergency*. The R-Studio Emergency version starts from a floppy or compact disk
when it is necessary to recover data on a computer, on which Windows cannot start up because its
system files are corrupted or deleted.
*The R-Studio Emergency is a part of the R-Studio software package. When you buy an R-Studio
single license you may run the R-Studio Emergency or/and install the R-Studio Windows version on
one PC only and you may not transfer the licensed software to another PC.
R-Studio recovers files:
· That have been removed without the Recycle Bin, or when the Recycle Bin has been emptied;
· Removed by virus attack or power failure;
· After the partition with the files was reformatted, even for a different file system;
· When the partition structure on a hard drive was changed or damaged. In this case, R-Studio can scan
the drive trying to find previously existed partitions and recover files from found partitions.
· From disks with bad sectors. In this case, R-Studio can first copy the entire disk or its part into an
image file and then process such image file.
R-Studio can create image files for an entire hard drive, logical disk, or its part. Such image files can be
processed like regular disks. Images are very useful if there is a risk of total data loss due to hardware
malfunction. If bad blocks are constantly appearing on a hard drive, the only way to save the data is to
immediately create an image of that drive. All data search, scan and recovery can be done from this
image.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 3

To learn more about the IntelligentScan technology, go to the IntelligentScan topic .

1.2 System Requirements
· An Intel-compatible platform running Windows 9x/ME/NT4.0/2000/XP/2003/Vista.
· At least 32 MB of RAM, a mouse, and enough disk space for recovered files, image files, etc.
· A network connection for data recovering over network.
1.3 Contact Information and Technical Support
To obtain the latest version of R-Studio, go to:
Product Site: http://www.r-tt.com
Sales Department: [email protected]
R-Studio Technical Support Team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has an average
response time less than 4 hours.
Tech. Support: [email protected]
Send your support request to: http://www.r-tt.com/SupportRequest.shtml

R-tt Forum: http://forum.r-tt.com

1.4 R-Studio Main Panel
When R-Studio starts, its main panel appears on the Windows desktop.
R-Studio Main panel

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 4 R-Studio Manual

Drives panel:
You can select an object by clicking on it.

A logical disk may be represented by its name or its

partition.

Properties tab:
This tab shows the properties of an object selected on the
Drives panel.

Depending on the selected object, information on this

Properties tab may vary.
The Properties tab names and values are described in detail
on the Properties tab topic.

Log panel

Panel view options

You may set which panels and bars to enable/disable.
To enable/disable:

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 5

Toolbar Select/clear Toolbar on the View menu

Status bar Select/clear Status bar on the View menu
Drive pane Select/clear Device View on the View menu
Properties pane Select/clear Properties View on the View menu
Log panel Select/clear Event Log on the View menu
If you have several tabs in the right pane, you may easily switch to any of the tab by selecting on the
View menu
Properties Tab to view the Properties tab
Scan Information to view the Scan Information Tab tab
Tab
Parents Tab to view the Parents tab
Properties Select data types in which the data will be represented
Depending on the task R-Studio performs, its panel may vary. Those panels are described in appropriate
topics. The Properties tab names and values are described in detail on the Properties tab topic.
The general settings can be set on the Settings dialog box.

Connect to Remote
Click this button to connect to a remote computer on a
network.
Refresh
Click this button to refresh the panels.
Scan
Click this button to start scanning a selected
object.
Open Drive Files
Click this button to start searching for files on a selected
object.
Open Image
Click this button to open a previously created
image.
Create Image
Click this button to create an image of a selected
area.
Create Region
Click this button to create a region on a selected
disk.
Create virtual volume sets or RAIDs
Click this button to create a virtual volume set or RAIDS.
Select an appropriate type from the menu.
Delete
Click this button to delete a selected object on the main
panel.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 6 R-Studio Manual

Stop
Click this button to stop the current
operation.
R-Studio has two operation modes:
File search on a partition (including recently found during disk scan).
In this mode, R-Studio analyzes MFTs on NTFS partitions, FATs on FAT partitions, and SuperBlocks
on Ext2FS partitions. Then it displays all files which records have been found in the analyzed tables.
Then recently deleted files, which records still remain, can be recovered. If files have not been found,
that means that their records have been deleted. In this case, the disk must be scanned.
File search supports file masks and regular expressions. Multiple files in different folders can be found
and recovered in one recover session.
R-Studio supports mass file recovery. There is no limit in the number of files that may be recovered
during one session.
File content may be previewed before recovery.
File or disk binary data can be viewed and edited in the text/hexadecimal editor. Also can be viewed
and changed all attributes for NTFS files.
Disk scan, searching for partitions.
In this mode, R-Studio scans the entire disk or its part. Using a number of statistic and deterministic
criteria known as IntelligentScan technology, it determines existing or existed partitions on the disk,
and their file systems. It is also possible to add new partitions, by setting manually all required
parameters.
A disk can be scanned through several successive scans, each with its own parameters. R-Studio
accumulates the information from successive scans and keeps track of changes in the information
obtained from different scans. The information obtained from the disc scan can be stored in a file. It
may be loaded and processed later at any convenient time.
1.5 R-Studio Settings
You may specify some global setting for R-Studio on the Settings dialog box. You may reach it by
selecting Settings on the Tools menu.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 7

Main
Main dialog box

Main settings
System Options
Enable Write If this check box is selected, R-Studio enables you to write any
changes made in the Text/Hexadecimal Editor.
Debug Mode If this check box is selected, R-Studio displays an additional
command Create FS Snapshot on the shortcut menu for an object
with a file system. An FS Snapshot contains system data for the
file system only (file descriptions without file contents). If a
problem appears, this snapshot can be sent to R-Studio technical
support to identify the problem. This option greatly slows
R-Studio.
Default HFS Code Page Select the national encoding for the HFS partitions
Hints
Show All Warnings and If this checkbox is selected, R-Studio shows all warning
Confirmations messages for which the Never show again check box has been
selected.
Disable All Warnings and If this checkbox is selected, R-Studio does not show anymore all
Confirmations warning messages for which the Never show again check box has
been selected.
Known File Types
Known File Types dialog box

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 8 R-Studio Manual

You may specify which Known File Types will be enabled/disabled by default.
Log
Log dialog box

Log options
Type
File If this check box is selected, R-Studio logs all events with recovered files.
File System If this check box is selected, R-Studio logs all events with the file system.
Partition If this check box selected, R-Studio logs all events with partitions.
Recover If this check box is selected, R-Studio logs all events with the recovering
processes.
Disk If this check box is selected, R-Studio logs all events with disks.
Network If this check box is selected, R-Studio logs all events with network operation.
Severity
Error If this check box is selected, R-Studio adds error messages into its log.
Warning If this check box is selected, R-Studio adds warning messages into its log.
Information If this check box is selected, R-Studio adds information messages into its log.
Success If this check box is selected, R-Studio adds success messages into its log.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 9

NEVER WRITE A LOG FILE ON THE DISK FROM WHICH YOU RECOVER DATA!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
Save log to file If this check box is selected, R-Studio writes its log into a log file specified in the
File location: field.
Rewrite/Append Select it if you want to rewrite a log file, or append log information to this file.
Save as You may select the encoding for the log file. You may select ANSI, UNICODE, or
UTF8.
Note: If in the Recover dialog box the Condense successful restoration events check box is selected,
the Log will display only Error, Warning, and Information event messages.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 10 R-Studio Manual

Bad Sectors
Bad Sectors dialog box

Bad Sectors settings

Default read attempts Specifies a default value for I/O Tries, or how many times R-Studio will
try to read a bad sector. You may specify this parameter for each drive
separately on the Properties tab.
Set for all drives Click this button to reset I/O Tries for all drives to the default value.
Pattern to fill bad blocks Specifies a pattern R-Studio will use to fill bad sectors in files to recover,
in images, or when showing data in the Text/Hexadecimal Editor. You
may specify the pattern either in the ANSI or Hex data format.
Note: R-Studio will never ever try to write anything on the disk from
which data is to recover or an image is to create.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Introduction to R-Studio 11

II Data Recovery Using R-Studio

Depending on the situation, data recovery may vary:
1. Recovery of deleted files that have resided on an existing logical disk
This can be done using Basic File Recovery.
2. Recovery of files that have resided on a data disk with a damaged file system, or on a previously
deleted or re-formatted partition
If the file system on such logical disk is damaged, the operating system sees that logical disk as a
partition without a valid file system. Such partition should be previously scanned. Also, it should be
scanned if you want to recover data on a previously deleted or re-formatted partition.
When the partition is scanned, a number of recognized partitions will appear. R-Studio shows them
in different colors depending on which elements of the partition have been found.
Both boot records and file entries are found for this partition
Only file entries are found for this partition
Only boot records are found for this partition
Although such recognized partitions are virtual objects, files can be searched for and recovered from
recognized partitions as from real logical disks using Basic File Recovery.
To successfully recover files from a recognized partition, it is necessary to find a right one which
corresponds to the real logical disk on which the files resided. No strict rules can be applied to that,
but the following considerations should be taken into account:
· If you are going to recover files from a disk with a damaged file system, most likely the right
recognized partition will be a green one.
· If you are going to recover files from a previously deleted or re-formatted partition, most likely
the right recognized partition will be a yellow one.
Also always check the recognized partition's file system, start point, and size. They should be the
same for the recognized partition and real logical disk/partition. When in doubt, try to preview a
couple of files from the recognized partition. If the files are seen correctly, this is the right partition.
3. Data recovery from a damaged system disk. The computer does not start up.
· If this computer is on a network, create an R-Studio Agent Emergency startup disk for the
computer, install R-Studio on another computer on the network, and recover data over network.
· If this computer is stand-alone, create an R-Studio Emergency startup disk and use it to start up
the computer and recover data. You may use external USB hard disks to store recovered files.
R-Studio Features
Contact Information and Technical Support
Basic File Recovery
Advanced Data Recovery
Mass File Recovery
Volume Sets and RAIDs
Data Recovery over Network
Text/Hexadecimal Editor
Technical Information and Troubleshooting
R-Studio Emergency
R-Studio Agent Emergency

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 12 R-Studio Manual

2.1 Basic File Recovery

NEVER TRY TO SAVE RECOVERED FILES/FOLDERS ON THE SAME LOGICAL DISK WHERE
THEY RESIDE!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
See the Data Recovery Issues topic for details.
Basic file recovery can be made for deleted files that has resided on an existing logical disk visible to the
operating system. In all other cases, Advanced Data Recovery is required.
To recover deleted files from a logical disk (recognized partition),
• Double-click a logical disk on the R-Studio's Drives panel to enumerate files on the disk
Other ways to enumerate files
· Select the disk and click the Open Drive Files
button,
or
· Right-click the selected disk and select Open Drive Files on the shortcut menu,
or
· Select the disk and press the F5 key.
or
· Select Open Drive Files on the Drive menu
If you try to enumerate files on a hard drive or another object without a valid file system on it, a
Double-click a logical disk... message will appear. Select a logical disk on the object or scan the
object.
Ü R-Studio will change its panel showing the disk's folders/files structure
R-Studio analyzes data on the object and displays all files for which records have been found in the
analyzed tables. If files have not been found, that means that their records have been deleted. To find
such files, Advanced Data Recovery is required.
Please note that R-Studio shows only those files/folders that match a specified file mask.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 13

R-Studio Main panel

Panel view options

You may set which panels and bars to enable/disable. To enable/disable
The Toolbar Select/clear Toolbar on the View menu
The Status bar Select/clear Status bar on the View menu
The Folders panel Select/clear Folders View on the View menu
The Files panel Select/clear Contents View on the View menu
The Log panel Select/clear Event Log on the View menu
The Find Results panel Select/clear Find Results on the View menu
You may select how the data the will be graphically represented in the Files panel. To view
the data as:
Large icons Select Large Icons on the View menu
Small icons Select Small Icons on the View menu
List Select List on the View menu
Details Select Details on the View menu
You may also arrange the data as required. On the View menu, select Arrange and them a
required arrangement.
You may specify which columns will be visible on the Files panel. On the View menu, select
Contents Columns, and select the columns you want to see.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 14 R-Studio Manual

Folders panel
Deleted folder
Marked folder (all child
objects in this folder
are marked)
Partially marked folder
(some child objects in
this folder are marked)
Cross-linked deleted
folder (A FAT folder
containing data which
also belong to other
FAT folders.)
Questionable deleted
folder (A FAT folder
found by R-Studio, but
with apparently invalid
content.)

Files panel:
Deleted file:
Marked deleted file
Selected deleted file

You may also arrange the data as required: by their extensions, creation/modification time, or as a real

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 15

file structure

See Find and Mark Multiple Files for more details

Find Results panel

Select Drive
Click this button to return to the R-Studio main panel to select another
drive.
Reopen Drive Files
Click this button to list files
again.
Recover
Click this button to recover selected
folders/files.
Recover Marked
Click this button to recover marked
folders/files.
Find
Click this button to find a particular file/folder.
Find Next
Click this button to find the next object specified in the Find
dialog window.
Find Previous
Click this button to find the previous object specified in the Find
dialog window.
File Mask
Click this button to specify a file
mask.
Stop
Click this button to stop the current
operation.
Up
Click this button to move highlighting one
folder up.
The Log panel will show how many files and folders are on the object, and their size. You may
specify which events will be shown in the log pane by setting a log filter.
Note: Metafiles are the file system's internal files invisible to any user, or file system data, which
R-Studio represents as files. These files do not contain user data directly. Unless you want to
scrutinize a disk file system, do not restore them.
If the Too many files... message appears, you may temporally stop file listing and browse through
found files. Then you can resume file listing. You also may skip this file topic and continue.
R-Studio will keep information about the entire file structure.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 16 R-Studio Manual

‚ Select a file/folder to recover

You may select several files/folders in the same parent folder by pressing the Shift button and clicking
the objects simultaneously.
Marking multiple files/folders from different parent folders manually:
Mark a file/folder to recover by clicking the box left to the object, or select Mark on the shortcut
menu. You may mark several files/folders in different parent folders. You may mark all objects in
the folder by selecting Mark All on the Tools or shortcut menu. To unmark an object, click the box
left to the object once more or select Unmark on the shortcut menu. You may unmark all objects in
the folder by selecting Unmark All on the Tools or shortcut menu.
The Log panel will show how many files and folders you have marked, and their total size.
R-Studio can search for a particular file. Go to the Searching for a File topic for details. If you need
to find and mark many files, go to the Find and Mark Multiple Files topic for details.
File content may be previewed before recovery. Go to the Previewing Files topic for details.
If you do not find files that you want to recover:
If you do not find files that you want to recover but are sure they have existed on the logical disk, you
need to use Advanced Data Recovery to find them.
ƒ Click the Recover or Recover Marked button
Other ways to recover selected files
· Right-click the selected file/folder and select Recover or Recover Marked on the shortcut menu,
or
· Select Recover or Recover Marked on the File menu
or
· Press the F2 button.
„ Specify recover options and output folder on the Recover dialog box and click the OK button
Recover dialog box

Recover options
Condense successful restoration If this check box is selected, R-Studio will display only error
events

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 17

and warning messages in its Log

Restore folder structure If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers the entire
path to the selected object.
Restore from root If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers the entire
path to the selected object starting from the root folder of the
disk.
Recover metafiles If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers disk
metafiles. Metafiles are the file system's internal files
invisible to any user, or file system data, which R-Studio
represents as files. These files do not contain user data
directly. Unless you want to scrutinize a disk file system, do
not restore them.
Recover alternative data streams If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers alternative
data streams for NTFS files. Has no effect on FAT files.
Recover security If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers security
attributes for NTFS files. Has no effect on FAT files.
Recover extended attributes If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers extended
(HPFS) file attributes.
Remove hidden attributes If this check box is selected, R-Studio removes the Hidden
and System attributes from recovered files enabling the user to
see them in the Windows Explorer.
Recover real folders structure Enabled when the files are sorted by their extensions or date.
See Find and Mark Multiple Files for details. If this check
box is selected, R-Studio recovers the real folders/files
structure on the disk rather than that of sorted files.
Skip files with bad sectors If this check box is selected, R-Studio skips files with bad
sectors and displays their list on the Files with bad sectors
dialog box when the recovery has been completed. You may
separately decide later what to do with those files. See Bad
sectors for details.
If this check box is cleared, R-Studio tries to read those
sectors several times (specified on the Settings/Bad Sectors
dialog box), and, if fails, fills bad sectors in the recovered file
with the pattern specified on the same box. Information about
such files will appear in the Log.
Ignore file mask If this check box is selected, R-Studio recovers all content of
a selected folder, ignoring a specified File Mask.
Mass File Recovery Options Specifies options for mass file recovery
If you want to recover multiple files at once, go to the Recover Multiple Files for more information
NEVER TRY TO SAVE RECOVERED FILES/FOLDERS ON THE SAME LOGICAL DISK WHERE
THEY RESIDE!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
If a file to be recovered appears to have an invalid name, a Broken File Name dialog box will appear.
You may correct the name and resume file recovery.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 18 R-Studio Manual

Broken File Name dialog box

Broken File Name properties

File name Shows the current incorrect file name.
New name Field for a new file name.
Edit broken symbols only If this check box is selected, only invalid symbols may be
corrected
Change all invalid symbols to If this check box is selected, all invalid symbols will be
changed to the specified symbol
Buttons
Rename Click to resume file recovery
Rename All Click to resume file recovery. All other files will be renamed
according to the specified rule.
Skip Click to skip this file
Skip All Click to skip all files and stop file recovery
Ü R-Studio will recover the selected/marked files/folders to the specified folder and show the results in
the Log pane
Note: R-Studio recovers files from Ext2FS partitions, but writes it to FAT or NTFS local disks. Or
you may write such files to network disks. R-Studio successfully recovers files from Ext2FS
partitions except its security attributes. R-Studio recovers symlinks as files containing the path to files
which symlinks point to.
See Data Recovery on HFS/HFS+ file system for details on recovering data from disks with the
HFS/HFS+ file system
Previewing Files
File Masks
Regular Expressions
Event Log
2.1.1 Searching for a File
R-Studio can find a particular file, if it is difficult to find it manually on the Folders or Files panel. You
can also automatically mark/unmark all found files.
To search for a file,
• Click the Find button
Other ways to search for the file
· Right-click a folder and select Find on the shortcut menu,
or
· Select a folder and select Find on the Tools menu

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 19

‚ Specify a file to be found and its options on the Find dialog box, and click the OK button
Note that a File Mask may be applied.
Find/Mark dialog box

Find/Mark options
You may specify how to treat specified strings. Please note that R-Studio stores previously entered
search strings.
Files If this option is selected, R-Studio treats specified strings as file names. Use ?
for one unspecified character and * for an unlimited number of them to specify
file masks.
File Extensions If this option is selected, R-Studio treats specified strings as file extensions
Regular If this option is selected, R-Studio treats specified strings as regular expressions
Expressions
All Files If this option is selected, R-Studio applies Advanced Options to all files.
Options
Match case If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a case-sensitive search
Look in Specifies where R-Studio searches for, and marks, files. It can look for them on
the Entire disk, From current folder, In the Current folder and subfolders, and in the
Current folder only. If From current folder is selected, you may also specify the
Direction for the search from the current position in the current folder.
Deleted files If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a search among deleted
files/folders.
Existing files If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a search among existing
files/folders.
Find/Mark mode Specifies what R-Studio does with the found files. It may:

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 20 R-Studio Manual

Find all matched files. R-Studio searches for all matched files. The search results
appear on the Find Results panel.
Find first matched file. R-Studio stops at the first found file.
Mark matched files. R-Studio marks all found files.
Unmark matched files. R-Studio unmarks all found files.
Please note, that when performing a new find and mark/unmark task, R-Studio
does not takes into consideration the previous marked/unmarked state of files. For
example, if you first mark all doc files, and then all txt files, all doc files remain
marked, too. To unmark them, you should specify doc once again and select
Unmark matched files.
Look at
Files If this check box is selected, R-Studio includes files into a search.
Folders If this check box is selected, R-Studio includes folders into a search.
Direction Specifies search direction from the current position. Available only if From current
folder is selected in Look in.
Advanced Options
Size from/up to Specifies file size limits.
File Id Specifies File Id that R-Studio assigns to a file.
Date Specifies file date boundaries. Files may be Modified/Created/Last Accessed.
Ü R-Studio will show/mark the found file(s)
If you need to find and mark many files, go to the Find and Mark Multiple Files topic for details.
To repeat the search,
¡ Click the Find Next or Find Previous buttons
Other ways to repeat the search
· Right-click a folder and select Find Next or Find Previous on the shortcut menu
or
· Select a folder and select Find Next or Find Previous on the Tools menu
To find all files and show them on the Find Results panel,
¡ Select Find all on the on the Find dialog box,
or
select Find all on the Tools menu
Ü R-Studio will show the found files on the Find Results panel
2.1.2 Previewing Files
R-Studio has a built-in file previewer that allows you to preview both existing and deleted files. You
may use this feature to estimate recovery or a file to be recovered.
To preview a file
• Right-click a file to preview on the Files panel and select Preview on the shortcut menu
Other ways to preview the file
· Select the file on the Files panel and click the Preview button,
or

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 21

· Select the file on the Files panel and select Preview on the File menu
Ü R-Studio will show the content of the file
If you have several files open in the previewer, you may instantly close all of them by selecting Close
All Previews on the File menu.
List of supported file formats
MS Office files: Word documents and Excel spreadsheets (Microsoft Office and
Excel should be installed)
Video/Audio files: With proper software and codecs installed in the system
Graphic files:
Format Extension Compression
Adobe Photoshop Document psd
Alias Image pix als alias
Amiga IFF iff blk Rle
Bob Ray-Tracer bob
CALS Raster Goup 1 cal cals
Canon PowerShot crw
Casio QV-10/100 Camera cam
Chinon ES-1000 digital camera cmt
Cloe Ray-tracer clo
CompuServe GIF gif giff
DKB Ray-tracer dis
DPX dpx
Deluxe Paint, Electronic Arts lbm
Digital F/X tdim graf
EPS Interchange Format epi
Electric Image ei eidi
Encapsulated Postscript (Preview) eps
Explore (TDI) & Maya tdi iff
Gimp Bitmap xcf
Gimp Brush gbr
Gimp Icon ico
Gimp Pattern pat
Image Magick mif miff
Imaging Fax g3n
Intergraph Format itg cit rle
Joint Photographic Experts Group jpg jpeg jif jfif
Jeff's Image Format jif
Kodak Cineon cin dpx
Kodak DC120 Digital Camera kdc
Kodak DC25 Camera k25
Kodak Photo CD pcd
Konica Camera File kqp
LucasFilm Format lff
MTV Ray-tracer mtv

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 22 R-Studio Manual

Macintosh Quickdraw/Pict pic pict pct

Mayura Draw pdx
Multiple Network Graphics mng
OS/2 Bitmap bmp bga Rle 4 & 8 bits
Open Image Library Format oil
PaintShopPro Browser Cache File jbf
PaintShopPro Frame pfr
PaintShopPro Image psp
PaintShopPro Mask msk
PaintShopPro Pattern pat
PaintShopPro Picture Tube tub
PaintShopPro Texture tex
Palm Pilot pdb
Pegs pxa pxs
Photopaint Image apx
Picture Gear Pocket prc
Pixar picture file pic pxr picio pixar
Pixibox pxb
Portable Bitmap pbm rpbm
Portable Document Format pdf
Portable Greyscale pgm rpgm
Portable Image pnm rpnm
Portable Network Graphics png
Portable Pixmap ppm rppm
Postscript ps
Psion Series 3 pic
Psion Series 5 mbm
Qrt Ray-tracer qrt
Quantel VPB vpb
Quicktime Picture qtif qti
Rayshade pic
Ricoh Digital Camera j6i
SciTex Continuous Tone sct sc
Seattle Film Works sfw
Seattle Film Works multi-image pwp
Sega SJ-1 DIGIO sj1
Silicon Graphics RGB rgb bw iris sgi Rle
Softimage bitmap pic si Rle
Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-shot pmp
Sony Playstation TIM PSX tim
Sun Icon/Cursor icon cursor pr
Sun Raster Images ras rast sun sr scr rs
Sun TAAC file format iff vff suniff taac
Synthetic Universe synu syn
TIFF Revision 6 tif tim tiff Rle LZW LZW +

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 23

Prediction
TrueVision Targa tga pix bpx vda icb Rle
vst
Utah Raster image Rle
Vista vst
Vivid Ray-tracer img
Wavefront Raster file rla rlb
Webshots wbc wbp wbz
Winfax fxs fxo
Windows & Aldus Metafile wmf
Windows Bitmap bmp rle rl4 rl8 sys Rle 4 & 8 bits
Windows Clipboard clp
Windows Cursor cur
Windows DIB dib
Windows Enhanced Metafile emf
Windows Icon ico
Wireless Bitmap (level 0) wbmp wbm wap
X11 BitMap xbm bm
X11 PixMap xpm pm
XV Visual Schnauzer p7
Zsoft Multi-page Paintbrush dcx
Zsoft Publisher's Paintbrush pcx pcc dcx Rle
2.1.3 File Masks
R-Studio shows only those files/folders that match the specified file mask. File mask affects files/folders
that are processed by the Recover and Find commands.
To specify a file mask,
• Click the File Mask button
Other ways to specify the file mask
· Right-click a folder and select File Mask on the shortcut menu
or
· Select the folder and select File Mask on the Tools menu

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 24 R-Studio Manual

‚ Specify the file mask on the File mask dialog box and click the OK button
Mask dialog box

File mask options

You may specify options for All Files, File Extensions, File Masks, and Regular Expressions
Match case If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a case-sensitive search.
Show empty folders If this check box is selected, R-Studio will show folders with no files
matching the mask.
Deleted files If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a search among deleted
files/folders.
Existing files If this check box is selected, R-Studio makes a search among existing
files/folders.
Advanced Options
Size from/up to Specifies file size limits.
Date Specifies file date boundaries. Files may be Modified/Created/Last Accessed.
Ü R-Studio will show only those files that match the specified file masks
2.1.4 Regular Expressions
Regular expression is a notation for patterns of text, as opposed to exact strings of characters. The
notation uses literal characters and metacharacters. Every character which does not have special meaning
in the regular-expression syntax is a literal character and matches an occurrence of that character. For
example, letters and numbers are literal characters. A metacharacter is a symbol with special meaning (an
operator or delimiter) in the regular-expression syntax.
. Wildcard: any character
* Repeat: zero or more occurrences of previous character or class
^ Line position: beginning of line
$ Line position: end of line
[class] Character class: any character in the set
[^class] Inverse class: any character not in the set

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 25

[x-y] Range: any characters within the specified range

\x Escape: literal use of metacharacter x
\<xyz Word position: beginning of the word
xyz\> Word position: end of the word
For example, the following regular expression .* matches any string of characters, ^a matches any string
beginning with character a.
2.1.5 Event Log
R-Studio logs and displays events in the Log panel. You may set a Log filter to display only needed
information and to write it to a log file or copy it to a clipboard. You may specify the log settings on the
Settings dialog box.
You may clear or save the log
To clear the log,
¡ Select Clear Log on the Tools menu, or
Right-click the Log panel and select Clear Log on the shortcut menu.
To save the log to a file,
¡ Select Save Log to File on the Tools menu, or
Right-click the Log panel and select Save Log to File on the shortcut menu.
To copy the log to a clipboard,
¡ Select Copy to Clipboard on the Tools menu, or
Right-click the Log panel and select Copy to Clipboard on the shortcut menu.
2.2 Advanced Data Recovery
This chapter explains how to perform advanced data recovery operations.
· Disk Scan
· Customizing File Types
· Regions
· Images
2.2.1 Disk Scan
In order to completely analyze data structure on an object, it must be scanned. Any object on the Drives
panel can be scanned. In addition, you may create a region to scan only a part of an object. The Regions
topic explains how to create and work with regions.
You may select scan area and some other scan parameters. Scan information may be saved to a file and
later this file may be opened.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 26 R-Studio Manual

Attention: Scanning large areas may be a very lengthy process!

NEVER TRY TO SAVE SCAN INFORMATION ON THE OBJECT BEING SCANNED!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
To scan an object
• Select an object on the R-Studio's Drives panel
‚ Click the Scan button
Other ways to start scan
· Right-click the selected disk and select Scan on the shortcut menu,
or
· Select Scan on the Drive menu
ƒ Specify the required parameters on the Scan dialog box and click the Scan button
Scan dialog box

Scan options
Disk Size: Shows the size of the object to be scanned
Start: Sets the start point of the area to be scanned.
Size: Sets the size of the area to be scanned.
Numbers in these fields can be in bytes or sectors. If no letters are after the numbers, R-Studio
assumes the numbers are in bytes.
See Data Formats for more details.
File Systems: Specifies the file systems which objects are to be searched for.
Current version supports: FAT, NTFS, Ext2FS/3FS, HFS, and UFS file systems.
Please note that if you need to scan an HFS, HFS+, or HFSX disk, always enable
the Extra search for Known File Types option. This is very important because when
files are being deleted on the HFS, HFS+, HFSX file systems, the computer
completely removes all system information on them, and there is no way to
recover the deleted files except by using the Extra Search for Known File Types

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 27

option. See Data Recovery on HFS/HFS+ file system for details.

Extra search for Enables search for Known File Types.
Known File Types
Save scan Info to If this checkbox is selected, R-Studio will save scan information to a specified
File: file. Later this file may be opened. Please note, that this option does not save
actual disk data, only information on disk data structure gathered during disk
scan.
Simple view If this option is selected, R-Studio will show only scan progress.
Detailed view If this option is selected, R-Studio will show graphic representation on objects
found during scan.
Buttons
Scan Starts scanning
Advanced Activates advanced scan options
Known File Selects file types that R-Studio will recognize during the disk scan.
Types...
Cancel Closes the dialog box
NEVER TRY TO SAVE SCAN INFORMATION ON THE OBJECT BEING SCANNED!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
Known File Types: While scanning, R-Studio can recognize to which particular file type the data
belong. Using such information, R-Studio can obtain more information about data/file structure on
the object being scanned. By default, R-Studio tries to recognize all supported file types, greatly
increasing time required for the scan. You may reduce it by selecting only those file types that you
need. Click the Known File Types... button and select the required file types on the File Types dialog
box.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 28 R-Studio Manual

File Types dialog box

List of known file types

* By default, files of this type are not selected. If necessary, select them manually
Document
Adobe PDF document Microsoft Word2 Microsoft WordPad OLE Storage
document document
PostScript document Rich Text document TEX document Word for Macintosh
document
WordPerfect document
Document: Spreadsheet
Lotus worksheet Lotus3 worksheet * Microsoft Excel2 Microsoft Excel3/4
worksheet worksheet
Quattro Pro worksheet
Document: Database
Data Interchange Microsoft Access dBase III database Microsoft SQL
Format file database database
Microsoft SQL Log
Document: MS Office (OLE MS) (Word/Excel/PowerPoint)
Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint document
document document
Internet-related files
Compiled HTML file HTML document Internet shortcut Outlook Express
Messages
Windows Address XML document XML document The Bat! Address book

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 29

Book (Unicode)
The Bat! Message Base The Bat! Message
Index
Font
Adobe PostScript Font Adobe Printer Font BDF Unix font BGI font
CPI DOS font TrueType font
Graphics/Picture
AVHRR Satellite Adobe Photoshop Agfa/Matrix Scodl Alias Wavefront Raster
image image image image
AutoCAD Binary AutoCAD image Autodesc Animator Pro Autodesc Animator Pro
image color map image
Autodesc Animator Autologic image BMF image ColoRIX image
image
CompuServe GIF ComputerEyes Raw Continuous Edge Corel Texture image
image image Graphic image
CorelDraw CMX CorelDraw image Cubicomp Picture Dr. Halo palette
image Maker image
Enhanced MetaFile Epson Stylus image Erdas LAN/GIS image Fractal Image Format
image
GEM Raster image * GEM VDI image GOES Satellite image Gridded Binary image
HP Command HP Raster image Hitachi Raster image IBM Picture Maker
Language image image
JPEG image JPEG-LS image HSI JPEG image Jovian Logic image
LBM/IFF image Lotus PIC image Macintosh PICT image Macintosh PICT image
Macintosh Paint image Macintosh Paint image Microsoft Paint image PBM image
PGM image PIX image PM image PNG image
PPM image Pictor PC Paint image Quick Link II fax RenderMan image
image
SGI image STAD image Sketch image Sun Raster image
Tagged Image Format TrueVision image Utah Raster Toolkit VITec image
File image
Windows Animated Windows Bitmap Windows Fax Cover Windows MetaFile
cursor image image image
Windows cursor Windows icon WordPerfect Graphics X PixMap image
image
X Window Dump ZSoft PCX image
image
Multimedia: Audio Files
AIFF sound AVR sound Advanced Streaming AudioCD file
Format file
CMF music Creative Voice file DiamondWare sound EA ASF/MUS audio
file
Extended M3U playlist MIDI Instrument MIDI music MIDI stream
definition
MPEG Layer I audio MPEG Layer II audio MPEG Layer III audio MUS music

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 30 R-Studio Manual

file * file * file

Next/Sun sound Ogg Vorbis audio file RIFF MIDI music RK Audio sound
Sierra AUD sound VQF sound Westwood AUD sound Windows Media Audio
File
Windows WAVE X-MIDI music ZyXEL sound
sound
Multimedia: Video Files
ANIM animation Adobe Filmstrip BINK video DVM video
animation
DeluxePaint animation Director video Intel DVI video Interplay MVE video
LZA animation MPEG video NEOchrome animation Nullsoft Video
QV-10 video QuickTime video RPL video Shockwave video
Smacker video VideoCD video Windows AVI video
Multimedia Files
RIFF Multimedia File Real Networks
audio/video
Archive Files
7-Zip archive ACE archive AIN archive ARJ archive
ARX archive Aladdin Systems BAG archive BIX archive
StuffIt archive
BOA archive BZip2 archive BlackHole archive Blink archive
CPIO archive CRUSH archive ChArc archive Compress archive
FOXSQZ archive GZip archive HA archive * HAP archive
HPACK archive Hyper archive InstallShield Cabinet InstallShield Data
archive archive
InstallShield archive JAM archive JAR archive JRC archive
LHA/LZARK archive LIMIT archive LZA archive LZOParchive
LZSH archive LZX archive Microsoft Cabinet Microsoft Compress 5
archive archive
Microsoft Compress 6 PAKLEO archive Pack archive * QFC archive
archive
Quantum archive * Quark archive RAR archive RPM archive
ReSOF archive SAR archive SBC archive SCO archive *
SQZ archive SZip archive StuffIt archive TAR archive
UFA archive UHArc archive UltraCompressor 2 UltraCrypt 2 archive
archive
WIN-Freeze archive * WRAptor archive WinImp archive YAC archive
YBS archive ZIP archive ZOO archive ZZip archive
Executable/Library/DLL
DOS Style Executable ELF Executable ELF Library (UNIX) ELF Module (UNIX)
(UNIX)
Java Bytecode Novell NetWare RDOFF executable
executable
Development files
COM Type library Microsoft ClassWizard Microsoft Linker Microsoft Precompiled

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 31

Library file database header

Microsoft Program Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Visual Microsoft Visual
database project Studio project Studio workspace
OMF Object library Windows Compiled Windows Compiled
resource (16bit) * resource (32bit)
Other file types
RegEdit file RegEdit file WinHelp WinHelp Contents
(UNICODE)
Windows Clipboard Windows Color Profile Windows National Windows Password file
file * locale
Windows Policy file Windows Registry file Windows Registry hive Windows shortcut
You may also specify your own file types for scanning. See Customizing File Types for details.
You may set the defaults for known file types on the R-Studio Settings.
Ü R-Studio starts scanning the object, and its panel will show information about new found objects:
R-Studio Main panel

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 32 R-Studio Manual

Drives panel after scanning:

You can select an object by clicking on it

The Log pane will show scan progress. Scan may be stopped by clicking the Stop button on the
toolbar. Later the scan process may be resumed with different scan parameters.
You may see which file object(s) is/are on a particular disk part. Click the corresponding rectangle on
the Scan Information pane and view the information on the Scan Information dialog box.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 33

Scan Information dialog box

Select the file object and click Open in Hex Editor to view/edit the file object in the
Text/Hexadecimal Editor.
When an object is scanned, a number of Recognized partitions will appear. R-Studio shows them in
different colors depending on which elements of the partition have been found.
Both boot records and file entries are found for this partition
Only file entries are found for this partition
Only boot records are found for this partition
Although such recognized partitions are virtual objects, files can be searched for and recovered from
recognized partitions as from real logical disks using Basic File Recovery.
To see the information about a newly found object, simply click it on the Drives panel. Click this link
to see the information about the object Recognized0 on the logical disk H:.

All scanned information may be deleted on the shortcut menu for a scanned object.
Scan information may be saved in a file. Previously saved scan information may be loaded. This can be
done on the Drive or shortcut menu for a selected object.
Multiple scans
If the selected object has been completely scanned, you may rescan it either completely or with new scan
parameters. If the selected object has been scanned partially, you may scan the rest of the object, ignore
the existing scan information and scan the entire object, or specify scan parameters manually.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 34 R-Studio Manual

R-Studio accumulates the information from successive scans and keeps track of changes in this
information obtained from different scans.
You may make several scans of successive or overlapping areas. Click the Advanced button, specify an
offset and size for a new area to scan on the Advanced Scan dialog box and click the Add button. You
may specify and add several scan areas. You may select which areas should be scanned. Selected scan
areas can be merged. Right-click a necessary area and select either Merge Down, Merge Down All, and
Merge Selected.
Advanced Scan dialog box

Managing scan information

Scan information may be saved to a file. Previously saved scan information may be loaded.
To save scan information
• Select an object on the R-Studio Drives panel
‚ Select Save Scan Information on the Drive or shortcut menu and save the scan information in a file
The default file extension is *.scn.
To load scan information
• Select an object on the R-Studio Drives panel
‚ Select Open Scan Information on the Drive or shortcut menu and select the required file with the scan
information
The default file extension is *.dpl.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 35

Ü The scan information will appear in the Drives panel

To delete scan information
• Select an object on the R-Studio Drives panel
‚ Select Delete Scan Information on the Drive or shortcut menu
Ü The scan information will disappear from the Drives panel
NEVER TRY TO SAVE SCAN INFORMATION ON THE OBJECT BEING SCANNED!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
2.2.2 Customizing File Types
You may add your own file signatures for scanning in Known File Types. They will appear in their
respective folders on the File Types dialog box. The syntax of signature description is similar to that of
the XML language. They are stored in the FileTypes.xml file that should be placed in the R-Studio
program folder.
Signature file example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FileTypeList>
<!-- Search for NTFS MFT -->
<FileType id="5626" group="System Files" description="MFT" features="TXT_ANSI TXT_UNICODE
<Signature offset="0" from="begin" count="1">FILE</Signature>
<Signature offset="4" from="end" count="1">$\x00M\x00F\x00T</Signature>
</FileType>
</FileTypeList>
File structure
File header
The file starts with a standard XML header
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
Section FileTypeList
<FileTypeList>
It requires a closing element <FileTypeList>.
Section FileType
This is a description of each file signature.
Attributes:
id <u32> Required Digital file type
identifier. Should be
unique for each file type.
group <string> Optional Specifies a file type Default: unknown
group in which found
files will appear. You
may specify either your
own groups or those
predefined on the File
Types dialog box.
description <string> Optional Brief file description Default: null (no
description)
features NO_SCAN Optional Additional properties of Default: 0
TXT_ANSI

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 36 R-Studio Manual

TXT_UNICODE the file type. If you want

to specify several
properties, they should
be separated by a space.
extension <string> Optional File extension. Default: null (no extension)
File type properties flags
NO_SCAN Not to be scanned for. If this flag is used,
R-Studio will not search for such file
type. Such files will be shown when sorting files by their extensions.
TXT_ANSI The file can viewed as ANSI text. If this flag is specified, the file can be correctly
represented as an ANSI text. When previewing, this file will be immediately sent to
Text/Hexadecimal Editor.
TXT_UNICODE File can viewed as UNICODE text. If this flag is specified, the file can be correctly
represented as a UNICODE text. When previewing, this file will be immediately
sent to Text/Hexadecimal Editor.
This section can contain an unlimited number of the Signature elements.If there are several Signature
elements, that means that all those signatures are simultaneously present in the file. Such signatures
should have different offset attributes and they should not overlap.
Element Signature
The element contains a string value of the file signature consisting of ASCII characters and hex bytes in
the \xhh format, where hh is a hexadecimal byte code. If there is not a hexadecimal number after \x , \x
are treated as a part of the string section of the signature
Attributes:
offset <u16> Optional Decimal offset for the signature Default: 0
count <u16> Optional Decimal number specifying the Default: 1
number of signatures of the same
length. Used when several
signatures of the same length
starting with the same offset can
be present in a file. In this case
they should be sequentially
written in the element, and the
size attribute specifies the length
of signature. count*size should
be equal to the number of bytes in
the element.
If only one signature can be on
this offset, count should be equal
"1", and size should be equal to
the length (the number of bytes) of
the signature.
size <u16> Optional Decimal number specifying the Default: the
number of bytes in the signature. number of bytes
written in the
element.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 37

from begin Optional Specifies from where the offset Default: begin
end
is calculated.
If end, the offset is from the end
of file to the first byte of the
signature. That is, if the signature
is two bytes long, the offset
value should be 2.
Comments
<!-- Comment string -->
An XML standard string for a comment.
2.2.3 Regions
Scanning large objects may take a long time. Sometimes, only a smaller area of a disk needs to be
scanned or searched for files. Such area is called a region. A region can be created on any object in the
R-Studio's Drives panel.
Created regions can be scanned, and files on them can be recovered in the same way as from hard drives
or logical disks.
Created regions can be deleted.
Note: R-Studio does not create anything real on the disk. Regions are virtual objects that do not affect
actual data on the disk.
To create a region
• Select an object on the R-Studio's Drives panel and click the Create Region button
Other ways to create the region
· Right-click the selected object and select Create Region on the shortcut menu
or
· Select the object and select Create Region on the Create menu
or
· Select the object and press the F4 key on the keyboard
‚ Specify required parameters on the Create region dialog box and click the Create button
Create region dialog box

Region options
Disk size: Shows size of the object where the region is to be created. The region cannot be
larger than this size.
Start: Start point of the region
Size: Size of the region. Cannot be larger than Disk size.
Numbers in these fields can be in bytes or sectors. If no letters are after the numbers, R-Studio

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 38 R-Studio Manual

assumes the numbers are in bytes.

See Data Formats for more details.
Ü A Region object will appear on the Drives panel.

To delete a region
¡ Select a Region on the R-Studio Drives panel and click the Delete button, or
Right-click the selected region and select Delete Region on the shortcut menu.
2.2.4 Images
An image is an exact, byte by byte, copy of any object on the Drives panel. When created, images can be
processed like their original objects.
Images are very useful if there is a risk of total data loss due to hardware malfunction. If bad blocks are
constantly appearing on a hard drive, you must immediately create an image of this drive. All data search,
scan and restoring can be done from this image.
To create an image,
• Select an object on the R-Studio's Drives panel and click the Create Image button
Other ways to create the image
· Select the object and select Create Image on the Drive menu
or
· Right-click the selected object and select Create Image File on the shortcut menu
‚ Specify image options, a file name, and destination for the image on the Create Image dialog box
Note: To store an image file, you need a free space equal to at least the object size.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 39

Create Image dialog box

Image Options
Image name Specifies the name and path for the image file
Plain image If this option is selected, R-Studio will create a simple exact copy of the
object. This image format is compatible with the previous versions of
R-Studio.
Compressed image If this option is selected, R-Studio will create an image file which can be
(R-Drive Image compressed, split into several parts, and password-protected. This image file
compatible) is fully compatible with the images created by R-Drive Image, but
incompatible with the previous versions of R-Studio.
Image compression You may compress the data in the image to save space. Active only if the
ratio Compressed image (R-Drive Image compatible) is selected.
Estimated size Shows the estimated size of the image file. An actual image size depends on
how much empty space is on the selected partition and what file types are
there. Active only if the Compressed image (R-Drive Image compatible) is
selected.
Image split size You may set this option to Automatic and let Windows decide how to split
the image file. This mostly depends on the file system on the destination
disk. You may also either explicitly specify the split size, or choose a preset
for various devices with removable storage. Select Fixed size for that. Active
only if the Compressed image (R-Drive Image compatible) is selected.
Password You may protect your image file with a password. Note: This feature
provides a relatively moderate protection against conventional unauthorized
access. Active only if the Compressed image (R-Drive Image compatible) is
selected.
Ü R-Studio will start creating the image, the Progress message showing the progress.
To process an already created Image, the image file should be opened.
To open an image
• Click the Open Image button, or
Select Open Image File on the Drive menu

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 40 R-Studio Manual

‚ Select the required image file

Ü An Image object will appear on the Drives panel
You may perform all data search, scan, and recovery from this image as it were a regular drive/disk
object.

2.3 Mass File Recovery

Recovery of multiple files

If you need to recover multiple files you may do it through the following steps:
• Find and mark all the necessary files
Go to the Find and Mark Multiple Files topic for more information
‚ Recover all marked files in a single file recovery step
Go to the Recover Multiple Files for more information
Memory considerations
R-Studio stores information about found files in computer memory. If there are too many files, R-Studio
may run out of it. To avoid this, you have two options:
Recover all files
If you want to recover data from an entire file system object (a logical disk, partition, partition image,
etc.), you may use the Recover All Files command from the Drive or shortcut menu. Right click the object
in the Drives panel to access the shortcut menu. A Recover dialog box will appear. Select required restore
settings, including file mask. This command restores unlimited number of files without memory
restrictions.
View file information in steps
As soon as R-Studio nearly runs out of memory, a Too many files... message appears. You may
temporally stop file listing and browse through found files. Then you can resume file listing. You also
may skip this file section and continue file listing.
In all cases, R-Studio keeps information about the entire file structure.
· Find and Mark Multiple Files
· Recover Multiple Files

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 41

2.3.1 Find and Mark Multiple Files

If you need to find and mark many files at once, you may do that in the following ways:
By sorting them by their extensions or creation/modification/accessed time
To sort files by their extensions or creation/modification/accessed time,
¡ On the Folders/Files panel select the tab
Extensions to sort the files by their extensions
Creation to sort the files by their creation time
Time
Modificatio to sort the files by their modification time
n Time
Accessed to sort the files by their accessed time
Time
Other ways to sort files by their extensions or creation/modification/accessed time
· Select the disk on Drives panel, select Open Drive Files Sorted By on the Drive menu, and select
respective option,
or
· On the Folders panel, right-click the disk letter and select Show Files Sorted By on the shortcut
menu and select respective option,
or
· On the Folders panel, select Show Files Sorted By on the Drive menu and select respective option.
Ü R-Studio will show the sorted files in the Folders and Content panels, showing the path to each file:
Folders panel for files sorted by their extensions

Content panel with files/folders sorted by their extensions

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 42 R-Studio Manual

To return to the conventional view,

¡ On the Drives panel, right-click the logical disk, select Open Drive Files Sorted By on the shortcut
menu, and select Real File System Structure,
or
On the Folders panel, select Show Files Sorted By on the Drive menu and select Real File System
Structure

By finding and marking multiple files using the Find/Mark dialog box
You may find and mark all the files on the entire disk by using Mark matched files in the Find/Mark mode
option. You may specify all the necessary search options and mark all the found files. Please note that
each find and mark/unmark operation is independent from previous ones. That is, if a file matches the
search criteria, it will be marked/unmarked regardless of its previous marked/unmarked state.
For example, if you first mark all doc files, and then all txt files, all doc files remain marked, too. If you
then decide to unmark all files smaller than 2 kB, all doc and txt files will stay marked except those that
less than 2 kB.
2.3.2 Recover Multiple Files
If R-Studio while recovering files encounters either an already existing file or file with a broken name,
normally it will stop working and ask you what to do with the file. If you recover multiple files, that may
require you answer a lot of the same questions. You may use Mass File Recovery Options on the Recover
dialog box to instruct R-Studio what to do in those cases for all files.
Mass FIle Recovery Options
File Already Exists These options instruct R-Studio what to do if there already exists a file
with the same name.
Prompt If this option is selected, R-Studio asks the user what to do for each such
file. It stops file recovery until it receives the answer.
Add a File ID to filename If this option is selected, R-Studio adds a File ID to the file name. If a file
already exists with the same name and that file ID, a number will be
added to th file name and file ID.
Overwrite If this option is selected, R-Studio overwrites the old file with the new
one.
Skip If this option is selected, R-Studio skips all new files with the same
name.
Broken File Name These options instruct R-Studio what to do if a file to be recovered
appears to have an invalid name.
Prompt If this option is selected, R-Studio shows the standard Broken File Name
dialog box for each file with a broken file name. It stops file recovery
until it receives the answer.
Rename and change all If this option is selected, R-Studio changes all invalid characters to the
R-Tools Technology Inc.
 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 43

invalid symbols to: character specified.

Skip If this option is selected, R-Studio skips all files with broken file names.

2.4 Volume Sets and RAIDs

R-Studio detects and processes valid hardware volume sets and RAIDs like regular drives/volumes.
R-Studio can analyze and recover data from software volume sets and RAIDs. If a software volume set
or RAID is present in your system, R-Studio detects it, and a Volume sets and RAIDs object appears on
the Drives panel. This object can be searched for files, scanned, and files found on it can be recovered the
same way as from normal drives/volumes.
If, due to hardware failure, a hardware volume set or RAID cannot be accessed, or due to data loss your
system does not recognize a software volume set or RAID, and you know what hard drives were in it, you
may create a Virtual volume set or RAID and process it like a real software volume set or RAID or
software volume set or RAID.
· Basic RAID Operations
· Working with Advanced RAID Layouts
· Description File for RAID Configurations
2.4.1 Basic RAID Operations

To create a Virtual volume set or RAID

• Click the Create virtual volume sets or RAIDs button or the Create menu to create a Virtual volume set
or RAID
‚ Select the appropriate type from the shortcut menu
Ü A Volume sets and RAIDs object will appear on the Drives panel

ƒ Drag the required partitions from the Drives panel to the Parents tab
You may either make R-Studio to process your changes immediately or wait until you finish editing
the RAID layout. Select or clear the Apply changes immediately checkbox on the Parents tab. Click the
Apply button to apply the changes when are you through.
Note: Objects should be placed in the same order as they were in the original volume set. If this order
is incorrect, you must change it by dragging the parents to place them in the correct order. Moreover,
the RAID block size and Offset (in sectors) parameters must be set the same as for the original volume
set.
You also need to specify Blocks order for virtual stripe sets or RAID5. You may select it on the Blocks

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 44 R-Studio Manual

order drop-down or shortcut menu.

If the those parameters are not correct, data on the parents will not be damaged, but they cannot be
recovered.
Note: You may check how correctly you have reconstructed the original volume set or RAID. Find a
file and preview it. If the file appears correct, you have created a correct RAID layout.
If your virtual stripe set or RAID5 has an unusual configuration, you may create them manually. See
Working with Advanced RAID Layouts for details.

Parents tab

Ü The Virtual volume set or RAIDs object can now be processed like regular drives/volumes
If R-Studio detects a valid file system on the newly created RAID object, a partition object will
appear on the Drives panel.
Turning Disks On-Line and Off-Line on-the-fly
You may turn the objects in the virtual RAID or volume set on-line and off-line by selecting/clearing the
On checkbox on the Parents tab. It may be useful, for example, if you need to see which disk is
non-actual in a RAID5.
Actually, when you turn an object off-line, R-Studio substitutes it with a Missing Disk or Empty Space
object.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 45

Missing Disks and Empty Space

If one partition from a hardware volume set or RAID or software volume set or RAID is absent, due to
hardware failure, for example, you need to add a virtual missing disk or empty space in order to correctly
re-construct the hardware volume set or RAID or software volume set or RAID structure. The missing
disk/empty space should be placed in the same place as the missing partition.
Note: R-Studio does not write anything real on the disk. Missing disks/empty space are virtual objects
that do not affect actual data on the drive.
To add a Missing disk/Empty space object
• Select a Volume sets and RAIDs object on the R-Studio's Drives panel
‚ Right-click in the Parents tab in the right pane and select Add Missing Disk or Add Empty Space on the
shortcut menu or select Add Missing Disk or Add Empty Space on the Create menu. Which object type
is necessary, R-Studio decides automatically.
For the Empty space object, Specify its size on the Add Empty Space dialog box.
Add Empty Space dialog box

Ü A Missing Disk or Empty Space object will appear in the Parents tab

Creating and saving your own RAID configuration

You may create and save your own RAID configurations for non-standard RAIDs. You may specify
Offset, Block order/size and Row count. See Working with Advanced RAID Layouts for details.
To save your own RAID configuration
• Select <New> in the Blocks order drop-down list
‚ Specify the name for the configuration and source from which the settings are copied on the New
RAID Order dialog box.
New RAID Order dialog box

Ü The new RAID configuration will be saved

The configurations are stored in the raidlayout.xml file.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 46 R-Studio Manual

To load your RAID configuration

• Select your configuration in the Blocks order drop-down list
Ü The new RAID configuration will be loaded
To edit your own RAID configuration
• Select <Edit> in the Blocks order drop-down list
‚ Select the required configuration on the Edit RAID Order dialog box.
Edit RAID Order dialog box

„ Edit the parameters of the configuration and save it

Ü The new configuration parameters will be saved.
2.4.2 Working with Advanced RAID Layouts
R-Studio allows you to create and process a very complex custom RAID layouts.
For example, let us create a RAID5 with the following configuration:
· 3 disks,
· Block size: 4 KB
· Offset: 64 sec
· Stripe order:
P 1 2
P 3 4
P 5 6
7 P 8
9 P 10
11 P 12
13 14 P
15 16 P
17 18 P
To create such RAID5,
• Click the Create virtual volume sets or RAIDs button and select Create Virtual RAID5
Check that the Apply changes immediately check box is clear on the Parents tab. This will prevent
R-Studio from trying to start processing the RAID configuration until you specify it completely.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 47

‚ Drug the required objects from the Drives pane to the Parents tab
These objects may be hard drives, logical disks, or images. Check that the objects are correctly
placed.

ƒ Specify the Block size and Offset parameters on the Parents tab
Do not pay attention to Block order.
„ Manually enter 9 to the Row count on the Parents tab
Block order will change to Custom.
… Enter the stripe order in the table on the Parents tab
Using the keyboard: arrow keys to navigate, digit and p keys to enter the stripe order.
Using the mouse: right-click the cell and select the number or parity from the shortcut menu. If the
stripe table is too large, you better use the keyboard to enter the digits.

Corrections: R-Studio will show if some digits are not correct. Navigate to the required cell and
enter the correct value. Use the Delete key to clear a cell.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 48 R-Studio Manual

Clear the table: Right-click the table and select Clear all on the shortcut menu.
† When you finishes entering the information, click the Apply button on the Parents tab

Ü The created RAID5 object can now be processed like regular drives/volumes
If R-Studio detects a valid file system on this RAID object, a partition object will appear on the
Drives panel.
Description File for RAID Configurations shows the raidlayout.xml file for this RAID
configuration.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 49

2.4.3 Description File for RAID Configurations

File raidlayout.xml
Below is an example of the raidlayout.xml file defining the RAID5 layout described in Working with
Advanced RAID Layouts.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<RAID>
<Table name="My Layout">
<Offsets>
<Coll>32768</Coll>
<Coll>32768</Coll>
<Coll>32768</Coll>
</Offsets>
<Row>
<Cell>P</Cell>
<Cell>1</Cell>
<Cell>2</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>P</Cell>
<Cell>3</Cell>
<Cell>4</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>P</Cell>
<Cell>5</Cell>
<Cell>6</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>7</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>
<Cell>8</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>9</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>
<Cell>10</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>11</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 50 R-Studio Manual

<Cell>12</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>13</Cell>
<Cell>14</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>15</Cell>
<Cell>16</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>
</Row>
<Row>
<Cell>17</Cell>
<Cell>18</Cell>
<Cell>P</Cell>
</Row>
</Table>
</RAID>

Notes:
1. Offsets are in sectors
2. If the Offsets section is absent, Offsets are treated as zero.
3. The number of <Coll> sections in <Offsets> should be equal to the number of <Cell> in <Row>.
2.5 Data Recovery over Network
This chapter explains how to perform data recovery operations over network.
R-Studio has network capabilities that allow the system administrator, using its computer, to recover
files on any computers accessible over network.
R-Studio supports the TCP/IP protocol and any protocol supported in Microsoft Network.
R-Studio Agent must be installed on computers where files are to be recovered. This free service
program gives R-Studio access to local disks on remote computers over network.
If, due to file system crash, the network computer where you are going to recover your data cannot start,
you may use R-Studio Agent Emergency to start the computer.
Files can be recovered without R-Studio Agent if the computer where the files are to be recovered runs
WinNT/2000/XP/2003 is accessible from a computer also running WinNT/2000/XP/2003. In this case,
the administrator must have administrator privileges on the remote computer.
All data transmitted over network are encrypted with a strong algorithm for data security. Restoring data
over network is very much the same as that on a local computer.
· R-Studio Agent
· Data Recovery over Network
2.5.1 Data Recovery over Network
Generally, data restoring over network is very much the same as that on a local computer.
R-Studio Agent should be running on the network computer where data are to be recovered.
To connect to a remote computer
• Click the Connect to Remote button or select Connect To Remote on the Drive menu
A list of nearby computers will appear in the Computer List on the Connect to Remote Computer
dialog box.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 51

Connect to Remote Computer dialog box

‚ Select a computer from the list on the Connect to Remote Computer dialog box and enter the
password
Otherwise, you need to specify in the Computer: field the name or IP address of the remote computer
where data are to be recovered. The Port should coincide with the port specified for the R-Studio
Agent.
The Password: field is for the password of R-Studio Agent running on the remote computer.
Note: If the remote computer is started with R-Studio Agent Emergency, leave this field blank.
Ü R-Studio will connect to the remote computer and show its hard drive and logical disk structure of the
remote computer below the device/disk structure of your local computer

It can be processed the same way as that on a local computer.

When R-Studio connects to the remote computer, it check if R-Studio Agent is present and its
password. If there is no R-Studio Agent installed, R-Studio may try to remotely install it. See the
R-Studio Agent topic for details.
You may return to the disks/drives on your local computer by clicking the Open Local Drives button
or selecting Open Local Drives on the Drive menu.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 52 R-Studio Manual

2.5.2 R-Studio Agent

R-Studio Agent should be installed on a network computer to enable R-Studio access to its drives.
R-Studio Agent should be registered.
If, due to file system crash, the network computer where you are going to recover your data cannot start,
you may use R-Studio Agent Emergency to start the computer.
Attention Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 users: R-Studio Agent should be installed under an
administrator account.
When installed, R-Studio Agent starts automatically and runs as a service. To configure it, R-Studio
Agent should be started again manually.
The following switches are available:
-? evokes a help screen;
-install installs R-Studio Agent as a service
-remove removes R-Studio Agent services
-console starts R-Studio Agent as a console application
Started without a switch, R-Studio Agent runs as a GUI application and its icon appears on the taskbar
tray. In this mode, it can be configured and its log may be viewed.
Simply connect to the remote computer providing a desired password for R-Studio Agent in the Connect
to Remote Computer dialog box. R-Studio checks if there is R-Studio Agent running on this computer.
If not, a Can't connect... message will appear.
Click the Yes button, and R-Studio will remotely install R-Studio Agent.
Attention Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 users: R-Studio Agent may be remotely installed over a
network from a computer running Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 to another computer running
Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. To do so, you must have administrator accounts on both computers.
To access the R-Studio Agent main panel,
• Click its tray icon

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 53

Ü The main panel will appear. You may view its log
R-Studio Agent main panel

To configure R-Studio Agent,

• Right-click its tray icon and select Configure
‚ Specify required parameters on the Please configure R-Studio Agent dialog box and click the OK
button
Please configure R-Studio Agent dialog box

R-Studio Agent Options

Password: Enter a password to obtain access to this computer from a network.
Re-Enter: Re-enter the password.
Accepted Protocols
Pipes supported by Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 only. To improve security, this
option should be disabled.
TCP/IP supported by any network OS.
Port port for incoming connections
Accepted IP Addresses
IP Address specifies addresses from which this computer can be accessed.
Subnet Mask specifies subnet mask of the network from which this computer can be
accessed.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 54 R-Studio Manual

Ü R-Studio Agent will now run with the specified parameters

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 55

III Text/Hexadecimal Editor

Any object visible by R-Studio can be viewed and edited in the Text/Hexadecimal Editor. It is also able
to parse the data and represent data according to various data patterns. You may also create your own
patterns to parse data.

· Viewing and Editing Objects

· Creating Custom Patterns
· Pattern Example I
· Pattern Example II

R-Studio Features
Contact Information and Technical Support
Data Recovery Using R-Studio
Basic File Recovery
Advanced Data Recovery
Mass File Recovery
Volume Sets and RAIDs
Data Recovery over Network
Technical Information and Troubleshooting
R-Studio Emergency
R-Studio Agent Emergency
3.1 Viewing and Editing Objects
YOU MUST BE ABSOLUTELY SURE OF WHAT AND WHERE YOU ARE WRITING!
Or you may completely lose all your data.
Before you can physically write anything on a disk, you need to enable writing.
To enable writing,
• On the R-Studio main panel, select the Tools menu, then Settings, and select Enable Write on the
Settings dialog box.
Ü The Editable: status will change to Yes from Read Only.
Now the object can be edited.
To view/edit an object,
• Right-click the object and select View/Edit on the shortcut menu
Other ways to view/edit the object
· Select the object and select View/Edit on the File menu
or
· Select the object and press the Ctrl+E keys

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 56 R-Studio Manual

Ü A Viewer/Editor panel will appear

R-Studio Text/Hexadecimal editor

Data Parsed According to the Selected Object Properties

Pattern

Object Sector Mapping Data Shown as Various Digits

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 57

Binary view

Text view

Find Results

List of Bookmarks

Viewer/Editor status

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 58 R-Studio Manual

Previous Pattern
Click this button to go to the previous
pattern.
Next Pattern
Click this button to go to the next
pattern.
Save Changes
Click this button to save changes.
Code pages
Turns supported code pages on/off.
Autoflow
Click this button to turn autoflow
on.
Panel view options
You may set which panels and bars to enable/disable.
To enable/disable:
ANSI data Select/clear ANSI on the View menu
OEM data Select/clear OEMr on the View menu
UNICODE data Select/clear UNICODE on the View menu
UNICODE+ data Select/clear UNICODE+ on the View menu
Toolbar Select/clear Toolbar on the View menu
Properties View Select/clear Properties View on the View menu
Sectors View Select/clear Sectors View on the View menu
Data Interpreter Select/clear Data Interpreter View on the View menu
View
Template View Select/clear Template View on the View menu
Bookmarks View Select/clear Bookmarks View on the View menu
Find Results View Select/clear Find Results View on the View menu
‚ View the information and make necessary changes
Select Enable Write on the Tools menu if you want to save changes.
Viewing
You may view data in 4 various code pages: ANSI/OEM/UNICODE/UNICODE+ by switching on/off
the respective code pages in the Code pages buttons or select the appropriate code pages on the View
menu.
Patterns or Templates
You may select a pattern according to which the data will be parsed and shown in the parsed data
pane. The Data Interpreter shows the data selected on the Template pane in various representations.
You may find the next or previous data that matches the pattern signature on the disk. Right-click the
right pane of the editor and select either Find Template Signature Next or Find Template Signature
Previous on the shortcut menu. You may also select these items on the Edit menu.
You may also create your own patterns to parse data from various objects.
Searching
To search for a particular string, click the Find, Find Next, or Find Previous buttons or the same items

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 59

on the Edit menu, and specify the string on the Search dialog box.
Search dialog box

Search options
Search for
HEX Field for the string to search for in the hexadecimal representation
ANSI Field for the string to search for in the ANSI encoding
OEM Field for the string to search for in the OEM encoding
UNICODE Field for the string to search for in the UNICODE encoding
Match case Select this check box to make the search case-sensitive
Search area
From current Select this check box to start search from the current position
position
From Address Select this check box and specify the range in which the search is to be carried
out
Search position
Exhaustive search Select this check box to search the entire object
Search at offset Select this check box and specify the offset from which the search will start
Reverse Select this check box to start the search in the reverse direction
Find all Select this check box to search for all instances of the string to search. Search
results will be shown in the Find Results pane.
Search results are shown on the Find Results pane. You may easily move to the required found item
by clicking the item.
Navigating
You may quickly move to a particular part of the object. To move to a particular part of the object
being viewed/edited, enter the required offset in the Go to Offset field between the buttons.
Bookmarking
You may create bookmarks to easily move to those places. Right-click the cursor on the place you

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 60 R-Studio Manual

want to bookmark and select Toggle Bookmark on the shortcut menu. The list of bookmarks appears
in the Bookmark pane. You may easily move to the required bookmark by clicking it in the list.
You may control bookmarks on the Edit menu.
Filling an area with a pattern
To fill an area with a pattern, select Fill on the Edit menu, and specify the pattern and area on the Fill
dialog box.
Fill dialog box

Fill options
Fill pattern
HEX Field for the pattern to fill the area in the hexadecimal representation
ANSI Field for the pattern to fill the area in the ANSI encoding
OEM Field for the pattern to fill the area in the OEM encoding
UNICODE Field for the pattern to fill the area in the UNICODE encoding
Fill range
From (hex) Field for the start position of the area to fill with the pattern
To (hex) Field for the end position of the area to fill with the pattern
ƒ Click the Save Changes button to save the changes
Other ways to save the changes made
· Select Save Changes on the Edit menu
or
· Press the F2 key
Ü Viewer/Editor will save the changes on the object
YOU MUST BE ABSOLUTELY SURE OF WHAT AND WHERE YOU ARE WRITING!
Or you may completely lose all your data.
Selecting and saving an area in the Viewer/Editor
You may select an area in the Viewer/Editor panel and save it as a file.
To select and save an area in the Viewer/Editor panel,
• Select Select... on the Tools menu and specify an area to select on the Select dialog box, or
Click the start point of the area and drag the mouse cursor to its end.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 61

If you need to select an entire object, select Select All on the Tools menu or click the Ctrl+A key
Select dialog box

‚ Select an appropriate item in the Tools menu to save the data in a required format and specify its file
name
Select:
Save to Binary File... to save the data in the binary format (default extension is .bin)
Save to Hexadecimal to save the data in the binary format (default extension is .hex)
File
on the Tools menu.
Ü Viewer/Editor will save the data in the file
3.2 Creating Custom Patterns
You may create your own patterns yourself.
An example of a commented pattern parsing an AVI file.
The syntax of pattern description is similar to that of the XML language. Files with patterns should be
placed in the .../Templates/ sub-folder in the R-Studio program folder.
Pattern structure
Pattern header
Each pattern starts with a standard header
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
Section template
Each pattern starts with a section giving to the pattern a name that will be shown in the parsed data pane.
Attributes:
name Specifies the pattern name shown in the parsed data pane
Example:
<template name="AVI File LIST">
........
</template>
Section signature
Attributes:
align <positive integer> Specifies if the data structure address is aligned (i.g., by a sector:
512)
This section contains elements field with hex-codes of the signature. The attribute offset specifies
their offset from the start of the record. Field length is equal to the number of hex-codes.
Example:
<signature align="1">
<field offset="0">46 49</field>

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 62 R-Studio Manual

<field offset="2">4c 45</field>

</signature>
Section section
Such sections contain all expressions and operations needed for the pattern to parse the data. A section
name is shown in the parsed data pane. In fact, sections are virtual objects used to group logically
connected fields. Sections can be nested.
The main section is not shown in the parsed data pane.
Section contain elements field which are actual data objects. field names are shown in the parsed data
pane with their values.
Attributes:
name Specifies the pattern name shown in the parsed data pane
Example:
<section name="JUNK">
....
</section>
List of All Objects in Patterns
Data types (in field)
· integer
Sub-types:
int8
int16
int32
int64
uint8
uint16
uint32
uint64
uintX
Attributes:
endian: (be | le | system) Optional. Default: system.
base: (decimal | hex | octal) Optional. Specifies data
representation. Default:
decimal.
as-offset: <expression> Optional. Specifies that this
field is an offset and its
value should be evaluated
using the expression. A
special variable this
returns the value of this
field.
purpose: (offset | rsector |sector | cluster | rcluster) Optional. Specifies the type
of the as-offset
expression result . If this
attribute is present, the

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 63

attribute is necessary if the

offset value should differ
from the value of this field
(variable this ).
rsector and rcluster
are offsets relative to the
absolute position of the
pattern beginning.
assigned-template: <TemplateName> Specifies the pattern name
linked with this field.
Ignored if the as-offset
or purpose attributes are
not specified.
var: <Name> Optional. Specifies the
name under which the
value of this field can be
accessed in expressions.
· binary
Attributes:
display-encoding: (hex | binary) Optional. Default: hex.
size: <bytes> Mandatory.
· char
Attributes:
size: <bytes> Mandatory.
codepage: (ansi | Optional. Specifies which codepage is used. Default: ansi.
oem | utf8 | utf16)

· filetime
Shows time in the Win32 format (64 bits)
· unixtime
Shows time in the Unix format (seconds from 01/01/1970)
· filetime
Shows time in the DOS format (date: hiword, time: loword)
· bits
Attributes:
size: <bytes> Mandatory.
pos: <comma separated list of bit positions> Mandatory. Specifies bit positions in a
data block.
Commands
· goto
Specifies a jump to a specified offset (either absolute or relative one)
Attributes:

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 64 R-Studio Manual

address: <expression> Specifies an absolute address to jump to.

offset: <expression> Specifies a relative offset to jump by.
One and only one of the attributes should always be specified.
· if
Evaluates a condition specified in the test attribute and, if the condition is true, reads fields specified
in this tag.
Attribute:
test: <expression> Sets a condition to test against.
· repeat
Reads the fields specified in the tag until the exit condition is equal to 0 or specified times
Attributes:
count: <expression> <expression> is evaluated one time upon entering the block. Internal
elements are read the specified number of times.
test: <expression> <expression> is evaluated upon entering the block. Similar to the C++
construction while(...) {}.
test: <expression> <expression> is evaluated upon exiting the block. Similar to the C++
construction do {} while(...).
· setvar
Sets the value of an internal variable. As an example, this command is convenient to store the current
offset. The value of the current offset is stored in a predefined variable offset.
Attributes:
var: <string> Specifies the name of the variable.
expr: <expression> Specifies an expression which result will be assigned to the variable.
Expressions
Expressions in the patterns are arithmetic expressions which syntax is similar to that of the C language,
including operation preceding.
The following operations are supported:
+ - * / & | > < <= >= != == || &&
Predefined variables
· offset
An offset in bytes from the pattern beginning data is currently read at.
· start_position
An absolute position of the pattern beginning. offset + start_position = absolute offset.
· this
This variable exists only within the context of the ass-offset expression evaluation and is the
current value of the data field for which that expression is specified
3.3 Pattern Example I
Below is an example of a commented pattern parsing an AVI file.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- A pattern section. The pattern name is AVI File. -->
R-Tools Technology Inc.
 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 65

<template name="AVI File">

<!-- A template signature section. Alignment is 1. -->
<signature align="1">
<!-- A 4-byte signature at offset 0x00. -->
<field offset="0x00">52 49 46 46</field> <!-- ANSI: RIFF -->
<!-- A 4-byte signature at offset 0x08. -->
<field offset="0x08">41 56 49 20</field> <!-- ANSI: LIST -->
</signature>

<!-- A data section. Its name is AVI File. This is the main data section. It is not shown in the parsing
tree as a section (its name is ignored). -->
<section name="AVI File">
<!-- The first 4 bytes are read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="Signature: RIFF" var="signature"/>
<!-- The current position is moved to the beginning of the file. -->
<goto offset="-4"/>
<!-- The first 4 bytes in the file are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable
signature gets the value of the field. -->
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Signature RIFF as unsigned integer in hex format"

<!-- A test against the condition (signature == RIFF) -->

<if test="signature == 0x46464952"> <!-- ANSI: RIFF -->
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable dataSize
gets the value of the field. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data in file" var="dataSize"/>
<!-- A new internal variable endOfFile is created and the expr field evaluates its value.-->
<setvar var="endOfFile" expr="offset + dataSize - 8"/>
<!-- The next 4 bytes is read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="File type"/>

<!-- A new section named DATA is created -->

<section name="DATA">
<!-- A new internal variable chunksOffset is created, the expr filed evaluating its value. This
variable gets the absolute value of template offset. -->
<setvar var="chunksOffset" expr="start_position"/>

<!-- A loop is created. Its condition is set in the test field (while the endOfFile variable is
greater then the current position.) -->
<repeat test="endOfFile > offset">
<!-- 4 bytes are read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="Signature"/>
<!-- The current position is moved backwards by 4 bytes. -->
<goto offset="-4"/>

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 66 R-Studio Manual

<!-- The same 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable
signature gets this value. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Signature as unsigned integer"
var="signature"/>

<!-- A test against the condition (signature == LIST) -->

<if test="signature == 1414744396"> <!-- ANSI: LIST -->
<!-- The section is shown. Its name is LIST -->
<section name="LIST">
<!-- The current position is moved backward by 4 bytes. -->
<goto offset="-4"/>
<!-- The 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned hexadecimal integer. This field has
the attributes offset and assigned-template. If the user double-clicks this field, the AVI File LIST
pattern will be invoked and the current pattern position will be moved to the address specified in
as-offset.-->
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Signature LIST as unsigned
integer in hex format" as-offset="start_position + offset - 4"
assigned-template="AVI File LIST"/>
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The listSize variable
gets its value. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data in the list"
var="listSize"/>
<!-- The 4 bytes are read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="List type"/>
<!-- The current position is moved backward by 4 bytes. -->
<goto offset="-4"/>
<!-- The same 4 bytes are shown as an unsigned hexadecimal integer. The listType
variable gets its value.-->
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="List type as unsigned integer in
hex format" var="listType"/>

<!-- A test against condition (type == movi) -->

<if test="listType == 0x69766f6d"> <!-- ANSI: movi -->
<!-- The chunksOffset variable gets the value evaluated in the expr attribute. -->
<setvar var="chunksOffset" expr="start_position + offset - 4"/>
</if>

<!-- The current position is moved to the address evaluated in the address attribute. -->
<goto address="offset + listSize - 4"/>
</section>
</if>

<!-- A test against condition (signature == JUNK) -->

<if test="signature == 1263424842"> <!-- ANSI: JUNK -->

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 67

<!-- The section is shown with the JUNK name. -->

<section name="JUNK">
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable
junkSize gets its value. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data of the junk"
var="junkSize"/>
<!-- The current position is moved by junkSize bytes forward. -->
<goto offset="junkSize"/>
</section>
</if>

<!-- A test against condition (signature == idx1) -->

<if test="signature == 829973609"> <!-- ANSI: idx1 -->
<!-- The section is shown with the idx1 name. -->
<section name="idx1">
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable
idxSize gets its value. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data of the idx1"
var="idxSize"/>
<!-- The section is shown with the First AVIINDEXENTRY name. -->
<section name="First AVIINDEXENTRY">
<!-- The 4 bytes are read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="Chunck id"/>
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned hexadecimal integer. -->
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Flags"/>
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read ans shown as an unsigned hexadecimal integer. The
offset attribute is evaluated for this field as a sum of the chunksOffset variable and valued of this field.
-->
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Chunk offset"
as-offset="chunksOffset + this"/>
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Chunk size"/>
</section>
<!-- The current position is moved by idxSiz bytes forward. -->
<goto offset="idxSize"/>
</section>
</if>

<!-- A test against the condition. &amp;&amp; is a logical AND (&&) -->
<if test="signature != 1414744396 &amp;&amp; signature != 1263424842
&amp;&amp; signature != 829973609">
<!-- An empty section is shown. Its name is Unknown signature found -->
<section name="Unknown signature found">

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 68 R-Studio Manual

</section>
<!-- The current position is moved to the address set in the endOfFile variable. -->
<goto address="endOfFile"/>
</if>
</repeat>
</section>
</if>
</section>
</template>
3.4 Pattern Example II
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- A pattern section. The pattern name is AVI File LIST -->
<template name="AVI File LIST">
<!-- A template signature section. Alignment is 1. -->
<signature align="1">
<!-- A 4-byte signature at offset 0x00. -->
<field offset="0x00">4C 49 53 54</field> <!-- ANSI: LIST -->
</signature>

<!-- A data section. Its name is AVI File LIST. This is the main data section. It is not shown in the
parsing tree as a section (its name is ignored).-->
<section name="AVI File LIST">
<!-- The first 4 bytes are read and shown as an ANSI string. -->
<field type="char" size="4" name="Signature: LIST"/>
<!-- The current position is moved to the beginning of the file (4 bytes backward). -->
<goto offset="-4"/>
<!-- The first 4 bytes in the file are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable
signature gets the value of the field. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Signature LIST as unsigned integer" var="signature"/>

<!-- A test against the condition (signature == LIST) -->

<if test="signature == 1414744396"> <!-- ANSI: LIST -->
<!-- The next 4 bytes are read and shown as an unsigned integer. The internal variable listSize
gets its value. -->
<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data in the list" var="listSize"/>
<setvar var="endOfList" expr="offset + listSize"/>

<field type="char" size="4" name="List type"/>

<goto offset="-4"/>
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="List type as unsigned integer in hex
format" var="listType"/>

<!-- A test against condition (listType == movi) -->

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 69

<if test="listType == 0x69766f6d"> <!-- ANSI: movi -->

<!-- This chunk is not to be parsed. The current position is moved to the end of the chunk. -->
<goto address="endOfList"/>
</if>

<setvar var="mediaType" expr="0"/>

<repeat test="endOfList > offset - 8">
<section name="CHUNK">
<field type="char" size="4" name="Chunk ID"/>
<goto offset="-4"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Chunk ID as unsigned integer" var="chunkId"/>
<if test="chunkId == 1414744396"> <!-- ANSI: LIST -->
<goto offset="-4"/>
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="LIST chunk ID as unsigned integer in hex
format" as-offset="start_position + offset - 4" assigned-template="AVI File LIST"/>
</if>

<field type="uint32" name="Size of the data in the chunk"

var="chunkSize"/>
<setvar var="endOfChunk" expr="offset + chunkSize"/>

<!-- Rounding the value of the variable endOfChunk to a number divisible by 2. -->
<if test="endOfChunk &amp; 1">
<setvar var="endOfChunk" expr="endOfChunk &amp; 0xFFFFFFFE"/>
<setvar var="endOfChunk" expr="endOfChunk + 2"/>
</if>

<if test="chunkId == 1751742049"> <!-- ANSI: avih -->

<field type="uint32" name="Number of microseconds between frames"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Approximate maximum data rate of the file"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Alignment for data, in bytes"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Bitwise combination of zero or more of the
flags"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Total number of frames of data in the file"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Initial frame for interleaved files"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Number of streams in the file"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Suggested buffer size for reading the file"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Width of the AVI file in pixels"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Height of the AVI file in pixels"/>
<field type="binary" size="16" name="Reserved"/>
</if>

<if test="chunkId == 1852994675"> <!-- ANSI: strn -->

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 70 R-Studio Manual

<field type="char" size="chunkSize" name="Stream name"/>

</if>

<if test="chunkId == 1752331379"> <!-- ANSI: strh -->

<field type="char" size="4" name="Type"/>
<goto offset="-4"/>
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Type as unsigned integer in hex
format" var="type"/>
<setvar var="mediaType" expr="type"/>
<field type="char" size="4" name="Handler (codec)"/>
<field type="uint32" base="hex" name="Flags"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Number of the first block of the stream that
is present in the file"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Scale"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Rate"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Start time of stream"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Size of stream in units as defined in Rate
and Scale"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Size of buffer necessary to store blocks of
that stream"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Quality"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Sample size (number of bytes of one stream
atom)"/>
</if>

<if test="chunkId == 1718776947"> <!-- ANSI: strf -->

<if test="mediaType == 0x73646976"> <!-- ANSI: vids -->
<section name="BITMAPINFOHEADER">
<field type="uint32" name="Number of bytes required by the
structure"/>
<field type="int32" name="Width of the bitmap, in pixels"/>
<field type="int32" name="Height of the bitmap, in pixels"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Number of planes for the target device"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Number of bits-per-pixel"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Type of compression for a compressed
bottom-up bitmap"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Size, in bytes, of the image"/>
<field type="int32" name="Horizontal resolution, in
pixels-per-meter, of the target device for the bitmap"/>
<field type="int32" name="Vertical resolution, in pixels-per-meter,
of the target device for the bitmap"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Number of color indexes in the color
table that are actually used by the bitmap"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Number of color indexes that are required
for displaying the bitmap"/>

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Text/Hexadecimal Editor 71

</section>
</if>

<if test="mediaType == 0x73647561"> <!-- ANSI: auds -->

<section name="WAVEFORMATEX">
<field type="uint16" name="Waveform-audio format type"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Number of channels in the waveform-audio
data"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Sample rate, in samples per second
(hertz)"/>
<field type="uint32" name="Required average data-transfer rate, in
bytes per second, for the format tag"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Block alignment, in bytes"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Bits per sample for the Waveform-audio
format type"/>
<field type="uint16" name="Size, in bytes, of extra format
information appended to the end of the WAVEFORMATEX structure"/>
</section>
</if>
</if>

<goto address="endOfChunk"/>
</section>
</repeat>

</if>

<if test="signature != 1414744396">

<section name="Invalid LIST signature found">
</section>
</if>

</section>
</template>

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 72 R-Studio Manual

IV Technical Information and Troubleshooting

This chapter covers various technical issues and troubleshooting.
· IntelligentScan technology
· Data Recovery Issues
· Data Formats
· Data Recovery on HFS/HFS+ file system
· Bad Sectors
· R-Studio Switches
· Properties Tab

R-Studio Features
Contact Information and Technical Support
Data Recovery Using R-Studio
Basic File Recovery
Advanced Data Recovery
Mass File Recovery
Volume Sets and RAIDs
Data Recovery over Network
Text/Hexadecimal Editor
R-Studio Emergency
R-Studio Agent Emergency
4.1 IntelligentScan Technology
R-Studio uses a unique IntelligentScan technology when it tries to recover the data on the area being
scanned.
While scanning the selected area, R-Studio reads data directly from the disk, analyzes them, and tries to
determine a record to which the data belong. The following record types are possible:
1. MBR record
2. NTFS Boot Sector record
3. FAT Boot Sector record
4. MFT record
5. NTFS Folder record
6. FAT record
7. FAT Folder record
8. Ext2FS SuperBlocks record
All these record types have different, but known, structure. Knowing valid values of record fields and
relations between them for each record type, R-Studio determines a record type for the data. If such
record type cannot be unambiguously determined, the data are assigned to the most probable record type.
The same data can be assigned to several record types, with a certain probability for each assignment. A
list of possible files is generated from these records.
R-Studio generates a record list for each record type. This list contains references to records assigned to a
record type from the list with their assignment probability. The same data can be included into different
record lists. Then R-Studio analyzes relations between elements in each list and between different lists,

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 73

and generates a list of found partitions with their parameters, such as partition start point and probable
size, file system type, cluster size, and existence probability.
Using the file list and partition list, R-Studio reconstructs file systems and files on the found partitions.
One file can be attributed to several different partitions.
When the entire disk or its part has been scanned, R-Studio shows all found partitions. Then the
parameters of the found partitions may be manually corrected, if additional information on them is
available.
Using the IntelligentScan technology, R-Studio can recover files not only on new and existing partitions.
It also can find and recover data on partitions that have been deleted or reformatted. If, for example, there
was an NTFS partition, which later was reformatted as a FAT partition, R-Studio will show two
partitions on the same place on the disk, one having the FAT file system, the other the NTFS. Then,
found files can be recovered.
The IntelligentScan technology makes R-Studio a very powerful data recovery tool, but it is not
omnipotent. As it uses probabilistic approach to data reconstruction, it cannot guarantee 100% correct
results. Moreover, even if R-Studio has reconstructed data structure correctly, it is impossible to
guarantee that all found files will be completely and correctly recovered, as new data may be already
written over the old files. See the Data Recovery Issues topic for details.
4.2 Data Recovery Issues
NEVER TRY TO SAVE RECOVERED FILES/FOLDERS ON THE SAME LOGICAL DISK WHERE
THEY RESIDE!!!
Or you may obtain unpredictable results and lose all your data.
R-Studio writes directly to a hard drive only when writing recovered data and from its hex editor, if
writing is enabled. In all other actions, R-Studio only reads data and analyzes them, and never modifies
data on the hard drives being analyzed.
Most operating systems use lazy-write. So, there is a time lag between file actions and actual changes on
data on a hard drive. R-Studio analyzes data on hard drives only. That is why it does not always detect
recent changes in data structure.
Most operating systems constantly write their service information on hard drives. Such writing is
especially intensive during startup and shutdown procedures. When an operating system deletes a
file/folder, it treats the space where it has resided as empty and may write something in this place. If this
happened, the file/folder and its parameters may be detected correctly, but its data may be lost.
Folder names like $$$Folder58448 on NTFS partitions mean that the folder has not been found on the
drive but some references to it have been. For example, folders My documents, Work, Photos have been
found and all they have one parent folder, whose description has not actually been found on the disk, so
its name is unknown and therefore represented as $$$Folder58448. It may happen that the description of
such folders was outside of the scan area, so try to enlarge the region or scan the entire hard drive. If that
does not help, most likely that the description of the folder has been overwritten.
Folder names like $ROOT58448 on FAT partitions mean that some folders have been found, but they
cannot be included into the folder structure for this FAT partition. Sometimes, such folders may contain
other folder structures.
If you recover a file, and it appears that the file contains wrong data, try to do the following:
· Scan:
the logical disk, if the file has been just deleted.
the hard drive, if the data structure is damaged more seriously.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 74 R-Studio Manual

· Search for the file to be restored on all found partitions and try to recover it from all found
partitions. Check each recovered file to ensure that it contains correct data. As soon as you found the
partition from which the file is recovered correctly, use this partitions to recover all other deleted
files.
If there are several deleted files to be restored, you should use a file larger than 2KB to select the required
partition.
Cross-Linked Folders
Often R-Studio finds several FAT folder records that contain the same data. Such folders are called
cross-linked. R-Studio marks such folders with an arrow mark:
R-Studio attributes the content of cross-linked folders to one folder called a target folder. When
recovering, R-Studio places the content to the target folder.
To view the list of cross-linked folders,
• Right-click a cross-linked folder and select Cross Linked Folders on the shortcut menu
Ü A list of cross-linked folders will appear
You may go to any folder in this list by clicking it.
To find a target folder,
¡ Right-click a cross-linked folder and select Go Target on the shortcut menu, or
Select the cross-linked folder and select Goto Target on the File menu
If Go Target is gray, this folder is already the target folder.
To set the target folder manually,
¡ Right-click a cross-linked folder and select Set As Default Target on the shortcut menu, or
Select the cross-linked folder and select Set As Default Target on the File menu.
If Set As Default Target is gray, this folder is already the target folder.
Questionable Folders
Sometimes, R-Studio may find FAT records, which look like folders, but their content is invalid. For
example, file names have invalid characters, date, time, and size, or other file attributes may look strange.
Please note that R-Studio correctly recognizes localized names. R-Studio treats such records as folders,
but does not analyze their content and structure. You can manually scan such folders, but results may be
unpredictable. Usually, such scan reveals garbage.
R-Studio marks such folders with a question mark.
To re-scan an object,
¡ Right-click a questionable folder on the R-Studio's Folders panel and select Rescan on the shortcut
menu, or
Select the questionable folder and select Rescan on the File menu.
4.3 Data Formats
You may enter data in all numerical fields either in sectors or in bytes. If there is no letters are after the
number, R-Studio assumes the numbers are in bytes.
Decimal numbers are entered as it is: 2372354
Hexadecimal numbers are entered as 0x23Fa67 or 23Fa67 hex.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 75

The following case-insensitive notation is possible:

b 1 byte
kb 1 kb = 2^10=1024 bytes
mb 1 mb = 2^20=104857 bytes
gb 1 gb = 2^30=1073741824 bytes
tb 1 tb = 2^40=1099511627776 bytes
eb 1 eb = 2^50=1125899906842624 bytes
hex A hexadecimal number
sec (sector) A number is in sectors

4.4 Data Recovery on HFS/HFS+ File System

When deleting a file, Mac OS X deletes system BTree+ records describing the file. Therefore, it is hard to
recover such file directly. Those records may remain in:
1. The swap file (if the deleted file has been deleted recently).
2. In the journal (if the HFS+ journaling is on, and the deleted file has been CREATED recently)
Actually, if a file has been deleted, chances that the records would be found are small. To greatly increase
the chances to recover deleted files successfully , you may actively use scanning with enabled Known
Files Types.
Note: All above is correct for intentionally deleted files. In case of a corrupted file system, HFS/HFS+
can be recovered quite successfully..
4.5 Bad Sectors
Quite often, drives from which the data are to be recovered have bad sectors, or those sectors that are very
hard, even impossible, to read, mostly due to hardware problems. R-Studio tries to read such sectors
several times. The number of tries is specified either on the Settings/Bad Sectors dialog box, or on the
Properties tab, the Drive Control section, for each drive separately.
When R-Studio encounters such bad sectors while performing various tasks and they appear unreadable,
it treats them as follows:
Object images:
R-Studio fills the space in the image file where the bad sectors should be with the pattern specified in the
Pattern to fill bad blocks field on the Settings/Bad Sectors dialog box. Please note that R-Studio writes the
pattern on the image, not on the source drive.
Files
If Skip files with bad sectors on the Recovery dialog box is cleared, R-Studio fills bad sectors in the
recovered file with the pattern specified on the the Settings/Bad Sectors dialog box. Information about
such files will appear in the Log.
If If Skip files with bad sectors on the Recovery dialog box is selected, R-Studio skips files with bad
sectors and displays their list on the Files with bad sectors dialog box when the recovery has been
completed. You may select files to immediately recover them or to mark for later recovery. You may also
save this list to a text file.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 76 R-Studio Manual

Files with bad sectors dialog box

Files with bad sectors Buttons

Select All Click this button to select all files in the list.
Clear All Click this button to unselect all selected files.
Mark Click this button to mark all selected files in the list.
Save to File Click this button to save the list of files with bad sectors to a text file.
Recover Click this button to immediately recover selected files. The bad sectors in the
recovered files will be filled with the pattern specified in the Pattern to fill bad
blocks field on the Settings/Bad Sectors dialog box.
Objects edited in the Text/Hexadecimal Editor/Viewer
Bad sectors in the objects viewed/edited in the Text/Hexadecimal Editor are shown as filled with the
pattern specified in the Pattern to fill bad blocks field on the Settings/Bad Sectors dialog box.
4.6 R-Studio Switches
If there are problems in starting R-Studio and while working with it, you may use switches to avoid
them.
The following switches are available:
-all_drives Forces R-Studio to show all logical disks in the system. Normally R-Studio
shows only local disks in the system. Some storage devices may pretend that
they are not local disks.
-debug Includes additional debug information. When this switch is used, an additional
command Create FS Snapshot on the shortcut menu appears for an object with
a file system. An FS Snapshot contains system data for the file system only (file
descriptions without file contents). If a problem appears, this snapshot can be
sent to R-Studio technical support to identify the problem. This switch greatly
slows R-Studio. You may also turn this mode on by selecting Debug Mode on
the Settings dialog box.
-flush Flushes the log file after each write to log operations. This switch is helpful
when R-Studio locks and its log file remains in memory cache unwritten to a

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 77

disk. This switch greatly slows R-Studio.

-log <filename> Started with this switch, R-Studio writes its log into the specified file. If
R-Studio locks and its log file remains in memory cache unwritten to a disk,
use the -flush switch.
-mem <size in MB> Sets memory usage limit in MB for R-Studio to reconstruct the file tree. When
it exceeds the limit, a Too many files... message appears. You may temporally
stop file listing and browse through found files. Then you can resume file
listing. You also may skip this file section and continue file listing. Example:
-mem 400 - sets the limit to 400 MB.
-no_ide_ext Turns off the inquiry about extended information on HDDs in Wind9x/ME.
This switch may be helpful if R-Studio returns information about HDDs
incorrectly (detects HDD geometry incorrectly).
-no_int13 Turns off the disc access through Int13 in Wind9x/ME. This switch may be
helpful if the system operates incorrectly (detects HDD geometry incorrectly or
lock the system).
-no_ios Turns off the Wind9x/ME protected-mode I/O system. This switch may be
helpful if this system operates incorrectly (detects HDD geometry incorrectly or
lock the system).
-reset R-Studio resets an HDD controller each time it reads a bad sector. This switch
may be helpful if the controller locks after it attempts to read a bad sector, or
returns incorrect data.
-safe Disables automatic partition search on a hard drive, file system recognition on
partitions, and other potentially problematic operations. In this mode, it is
necessary to use Find partition command from the hard drive shortcut menu to
manually find a partition.
If an unrecognized problem appears, start R-Studio with the -debug and -log <filename> switches,
and send the log and screenshot of the R-Studio main panel to the R-Studio technical support:
R-Studio Technical Support Team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has an average
response time less than 4 hours.
4.7 Properties Tab

Object size units

You may select the units in which the information on object sizes will be displayed.
To select the units
• Select Properties on the View menu
‚ Select the units in which you want to see object sizes.
You may select
Show as Bytes
Show as Sectors
Show as Bytes and Sectors
1.Basic information
This section shows basic information for a disk object.
More information...
Drive Type Device/disk type and subtype. Current R-Studio version supports the following

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 78 R-Studio Manual

types:
Disk, WORM, CDROM, Optical, Changer, Floppy, RAM Disk, LDM Partition, LDM
Component, LDM Volume
and subtypes:
Device, OS File, Physical Drive, Mount Point, Partition, Volume Set, Mirror, Stripe Set,
RAID5
Name Device/disk name
Size Device/disk size
Bus Type Device/disk bus type. Can be:
IDE/ATA, IDE/ATAPI, SCSI, Floppy, USB, 1394, SSA, FibreChannel, RAID, SMART,
ABIOS
2.Information on hard drives and logical disks
This section shows available information on hard drives and logical disks. These properties depend on
the drive/disk type and appear only when applicable. Under Windows NT/2000/XP/2003, an IDE
drive/disk may be represented as a SCSI device, that is why the SCSI Address section appears under
these OSes for those drives/disks.
More information...
OS object Appears for image files under Windows 9x/ME and NT/2000/XP/2003, for
drives/disks under Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 only. An object name used by
OS to access the device/disk.
R-Studio driver Driver names (both internal and OS) used to access this drive/disk.
Sector Size Drive/disk sector size
Physical Drive This section shows physical geometry for a hard drive. For a logical disk it shows
Geometry the physical geometry for a hard drive where the logical disk resides
Cylinders
Tracks Per Cylinder
Sectors Per Track
Sector Size
Device This section shows vendor information for the drive/disk
Identification
Vendor
Product
Firmware
Bus
SCSI Address This section shows SCSI information for the drive/disk
Port Number
Path ID
Target ID
Lun
Windows 9x/ME adds the following properties:
Int13 Drive Number 128 for the first hard drive accessible through Int13, 129 for the second one, etc.
0...128 for drives and other devices accessible through a Windows 9x/ME
protected mode driver, if their Int13 device option is disabled. R-Studio can use
Int13 disk access, and for some drive types, like SCSI devices, Int13 access is
preferable. You may consider enabling the Int13 device option in the Windows
Device Manager for such devices.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 79

Int13 Extension Int13 Extension Version Support for hard drives. Extended Int13 support is
Version necessary for large drives. If this property is zero, Extended Int13 is not
supported, otherwise, it shows Extended Int13 standard version, the large, the
better.
3.Properties controlling access to hard drives and logical disks
This section shows properties that control access (read and write) to hard drives and logical disks. They
are set to their optimal values and should be altered only if access problems appear.
More information...
Drive Control
Maximum transfer Maximum data size that can be read or written during a single access to the drive.
If there are problems with drive access, decrease the value of this property
I/O Unit Data size read or written during a single access to the drive is a multiple value of
this property. If there are problems with drive access, decrease the value of this
property
Buffer Alignment Drive data transfer buffer is positioned at an address multiple value of this
property. If there are problems with drive access, increase the value of this
property.
These three properties are set by OS drivers. If the drivers set incorrect values, problems may appear
during data transfer operations. You can alter them until data transfer becomes stable.
I/O Tries Number of read/write tries during access to the drive. If there are bad sectors on
the drive, increase the value of this property. This may help to successfully read
those sectors. Sometimes, if the I/O Tries parameter is set too large and there are
some unreadable sectors on the hard drive, the hard drive-controller pair may
refuse to perform any successive read/write operations with the entire hard drive
when it fails to read/write such sectors. In this case, set this parameter to zero.
The default value is specified on the Settings (Bad Sectors) panel.
4.Partition properties
A partition is a continuous area on a hard drive, characterized by its offset and size. There are partitions
on basic disks, dynamic disks, and recognized volumes and partitions. R-Studio treats regions like
partitions.
More information...
Partition Offset Initial offset for the partition.
Partition Size Size of the partition.
Partition Type File system type for the partition. If the record in the drive partition table is
incorrect, this property may differ from the actual file system type for this
partition. Still, R-Studio will process this partition correctly, as it does not use
this property.
Partition number Appears under WinNT/2000/XP/2003 only. Shows the number of the partition on
the physical drive.
For regions and recognized partitions, Partition Offset and Partition Type properties can be manually
corrected.
5.Compound volume properties
A compound volume is a union of several partitions or other disk objects. Each union type has its own
rules, unique for each compound volume type. Among compound volumes are: Volume Sets (RAIDs

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 80 R-Studio Manual

Level 0), Mirrors (RAIDs Level 1), RAIDs5 (RAIDs Level 5), both physical and created by the user (
Virtual Volume Sets, Virtual Stripe Sets, Virtual Mirrors, Virtual RAID5).
More information...
Main properties of compound volumes are parents (disk objects from which a compound volume is
created) and their order. These properties may be viewed in the Parents tab. For user-created
compound volumes these properties may be altered.
Raid Block Size Data block size for compound volumes of RAID (Level 0-5) types
6.LDM disks and volumes (Dynamic Disks)
LDM disks and volumes are volumes controlled by Logical Disk Manager (LDM). They are represented
on a hard drive as a LDM database rather than partition tables. Under Windows 2000/XP/2003, LDM
disks are also called Dynamic Disks.
More information...
Offset of Logical Initial offset of a logical disk on a hard drive. For disks, initially formatted by
Disk LDM, this value is often 31.5KB, for converted disks, it may be larger.
Supposed Parents Supposed number of parent partitions for compound LDM volumes. If the LDM
Count database is not damaged, the value of this property must be equal to the number
of parent objects in the Parents tab for the disk object.
LDM Host GUID Global Unique Identifier of a computer system where this LDM disk group has
been created.
LDM DiskGroup Global Unique Identifier of the LDM disk group.
GUID
LDM Disk GUID Global Unique Identifier of the hard drive.
LDM Volume GUID Global Unique Identifier of the volume.
LDM Disk ID Local hard drive Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.
LDM Partition ID Local partition Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.
LDM Component ID Local component Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.
LDM Volume ID Local volume Identifier, unique within this LDM disk group.
LDM Disk AltName Additional Alternative Name given by LDM to the hard drive.
LDM Disk DriveHint Last name of the volume, under which is has been mounted in the system. May
be either a letter (C:, D:, etc.), or a mount point under Windows 2000/XP/2003.
7.File System Volume properties
A File System (FS) volume is a disk object where a certain, supported by R-Studio, file system is
present. There are two FS volume types: FS volume on a regular disk object and a recognized volume,
found by a scan process. FS volume properties depend on volume's file system and type.
7.1.NTFS Volume properties
These properties are present for all NTFS volumes and represent their main properties. For recognized
volumes, these values can be altered.
More information...
NTFS Information Regular volumes
Recognized NTFS Recognized volumes
Cluster Size Cluster size for the NTFS volume.
MFT record size Size of one MFT record describing one file on the NTFS volume. This is an
important property of any NTFS volume. Its common value is 1KB. If this
property has incorrect value, many files may be incorrectly recovered.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 81

Sector Size Sector size for the physical drive. This property is read from the boot sector of the
NTFS volume and does not affect R-Studio operation.
Index Block Size Index block size for the NTFS volume. This property determines binary trees
used to store NTFS folder structure. It does not affect R-Studio operation.
MFT position MFT offset from the start of the NTFS volume.
MFT Mirror Position Second MFT copy offset from the start of the NTFS volume.
Volume size Size of the NTFS volume. This property does not affect R-Studio operation.
7.2.FAT Volume properties
These properties are present for all FAT volumes and represent their main properties. For recognized
volumes, these values can be altered.
More information...
FAT Information Regular volumes
Recognized FAT Recognized volumes
FAT Bits (12,16,32) FAT type. 12 for the FAT12, 16 for the FAT16, 32 for the FAT32.
Cluster Size Cluster size for the FAT volume.
First Cluster Offset Offset of the first cluster from the start of the FAT volume.
Boot Directory (For FAT32 only.) Cluster number where the root directory starts on the FAT
Cluster volume where the logical disk resides.
Root Directory (For FAT12 and 16 only.) Root directory offset from the start of the FAT
Offset volume.
Root Directory (For FAT12 and 16 only.) Root directory length for the FAT volume.
Length
First FAT Offset Offset for the first FAT table on the volume. Together with the Size of One Fat
Table property, is a most important property for a FAT volume. If this property is
incorrect, many files (especially fragmented ones) may be incorrectly recovered.
Size of One FAT Size of one FAT table on the volume.
Table
Sector Size Sector size of the hard drive. This property is read from the boot sector of the
FAT volume and does not affect R-Studio operation.
Number of FAT Number of FAT copies on the FAT volume.
Copies
Active FAT copy Active FAT table number for the FAT volume. Can be set to Disabled, Auto, 1, or
2. If it is Disabled, R-Studio processes the volume as there is no FAT table
present. This may be useful if the volume has been reformatted and thus a new
FAT table is created and the old one is deleted. In this case, it is reasonable to
recover files from the previous volume without processing the new and irrelevant
FAT table. All files will be recovered as continuous byte chains beginning from
their start cluster. Unfragmented files will be recovered successfully. If it is 1 or 2
, R-Studio uses the first or second FAT table copy, respectively. If it is Auto,
R-Studio uses both FAT table copies and decides, which FAT table copy should
be used for a particular FAT table sector. This may be useful when both FAT
tables are partially damaged.
Major version FAT version.
Minor version FAT minor version.
Volume size Size of the volume.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 82 R-Studio Manual

7.3.Ext2FS Volume properties

These properties are present for all Ext2FS volumes and represent their main properties. For recognized
volumes, these values can be altered.
More information...
Ext2FS Regular volumes
Information
Recognized Recognized volumes
Ext2FS
Block Size Block size of Ext2FS file system. A block in the Ext2FS file system is similar to
a cluster in the FAT file system.
First SuperBlock Offset of the first SuperBlock from the start of the Ext2FS volume.
Offset
Blocks Per Volume Number of blocks in the Ext2FS volume.
INodes Per Volume Number of inodes on the Ext2FS volume. An inode is a record describing file's
size, attributes, position on an Ext2FS volume - all information about a file,
except its name, which is stored separately. Therefore, the INodes Per Volume
parameter is equal to the maximum number of files on an Ext2FS volume.
Creator OS The OS that created this Ext2FS volume. May be Linux, Hurd, Masix, FreeBSD, Lites
.
Major version Ext2FS version. Usually 1.
Minor version Ext2FS minor version. Usually 0.
Last Mount Time Last mount time for this Ext2FS volume.
Last Write Time Last write time for this Ext2FS volume.
Last Check Time Last check time for this Ext2FS volume.
Volume size Size of the volume.
7.4.Recognized Volume properties
These properties are present for all recognized volumes, regardless of their file system type. They
estimate how reliable those volumes are recognized. This is useful for fast search for, and selection of,
optimally recognized volume to recover.
More information...
Parsed File Entries Number of files proving that this recognized volume existed. May have any
non-negative values. The main property characterizing the reliability of volume
recognition. The larger it, the higher probability that this recognized volume has
file system properties that have been correctly found.
Parsed Boot Number of boot records proving that this recognized volume existed. May be 0 or
Records 1. This is the second important property characterizing the reliability of volume
recognition.
Estimated Size Estimated size of the recognized FS partition/volume. This property shows the
most probable size of the recognized FS partition/volume. Alternatively, Size and
Partition Size are set to the highest possible values in order to recover the
maximum number of files.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Technical Information and Troubleshooting 83

V R-Studio Emergency
R-Studio Emergency is a tool that allows you to startup a computer with a damaged startup disk and
recover data stored on its hard drives. Then restored data can either be saved on its disk or transferred to a
working computer via a network.
The R-Studio Emergency version is a part of the R-Studio software package.
You may run this R-Studio Emergency version on a computer for which you have bought an
R-Studio license, and you may not transfer the licensed software to another computer.
R-Studio Emergency
Contact Information and Technical Support
Installing R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator
Creating Startup Disks
R-Studio Emergency Operation
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Emergency Startup Disks
File Recovery
Searching for a File
Disk Scan
Disk Images
Technical Information
Network Drives
Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer
Log
Hardware Compatibility List
5.1 Contact Informaiton and Technical Support
To obtain the latest version of R-Studio Emergency, go to:
Product Site: http://www.r-tt.com
Sales Department: [email protected]
R-Studio Technical Support Team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has an average
response time less than 4 hours.
Tech. Support: [email protected]
Send your support request to: http://www.r-tt.com/Support_request.html
5.2 Installing R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator
Attention Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 users! You must have administrative privileges to install
R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator.
If you are not sure whether you have such privileges, you almost certainly do not have them. Contact your
system administrator for assistance.
1.Run the setup file.
2.Follow the on-screen instructions.
You may create startup disks even before the installation ends.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 84 R-Studio Manual

5.3 Creating Startup Disks

You need to create either
· A startup CD disc. You may create an ISO image, or write the disc directly from R-Studio Emergency
Startup Media Creator, if there is a CD recorder in your system.
or
· A startup FAT/FAT32 removable device recognized by your system as a bootable one. The total
available size of the device should be more than 10 MB.
or
· 2 special startup floppy disks
Check the Hardware Compatibility List.
If you have problems with starting you computer up from the R-Studio Emergency startup disks, select
Configure startup media troubleshooting options on the Startup media type selection dialog box. Then
the Startup Media Troubleshooting Options dialog box will appear. You may configure these options to
eliminate those problems.
When R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator starts, its Welcome dialog box appears:
Welcome to R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator dialog box
Welcome dialog box

click the Next button to see the list of all devices on which startup disks may be created.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 85

Startup media type selection dialog box

To create a startup CD/DVD disc directly on your CD/DVD writer (if present):
• Run R-Studio Emergency
‚ Select the CD/DWD writer on the Startup media type selection dialog box and click the Next button
ƒ Read and accept the License Agreement and enter the registration key on the R-Studio Emergency
Activation dialog box and click the Next button
R-Studio Emergency Activation dialog box

„ Insert a blank CD/DVD disk into the CD/DVD recorder and click the Next button
R-StudioInsert a CD/DVD disc dialog box

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 86 R-Studio Manual

Ü R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator will start creating the startup CD/DVD disc showing
the progress on the Creating startup media dialog box
R-StudioCreating startup media dialog box

When R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator finishes creating the startup CD/DVD disc, the
R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear
You may either exit R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or
create another startup media by clicking the Next button.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 87

R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message

To create an ISO image of a startup CD disc

• Run R-Studio Emergency
‚ Select ISO Image for a startup CD on the R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator dialog box and
click the Next button
ƒ Read and accept the License Agreement and enter the registration key on the R-Studio Emergency
Activation dialog box and click the Next button
„ Select a place and file name for the ISO image of the startup CD and click the Save button
Ü When R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator finishes writing the file with the ISO image, the
R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear
You may either exit R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or
create another startup media by clicking the Next button.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 88 R-Studio Manual

R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished dialog box

… Create the startup CD using your favorite CD creation software

Load the created ISO image into the CD creation software. Consult documentation for the software
for details.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 89

To create a startup FAT/FAT32 removable device

• Run R-Studio Emergency
‚ Select the removable device on the Startup media type selection dialog box and click the Next button
ƒ Read and accept the License Agreement and enter the registration key on the R-Studio Emergency
Activation dialog box and click the Next button
„ Check that the FAT/FAT32-formatted device is ready and click the Next button
Ready to create startup media dialog box

Ü R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator will start creating the startup CD/DVD disc showing
the progress on the Creating startup media dialog box
When R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator finishes creating the startup device, the
R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear
You may either exit R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or
create another startup media by clicking the Next button.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 90 R-Studio Manual

R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished dialog box

To create 2 floppy disks:

You will need 2 formatted floppy disks.
• Run R-Studio Emergency
‚ Select Floppy Disk for 2 startup floppy disks on the R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator
dialog box and click the Next button
ƒ Read and accept the License Agreement and enter the registration key on the R-Studio Emergency
Activation dialog box and click the Next button
„ Insert the first floppy disk and click the Next button on the Ready to create startup media dialog box
Ü R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator will start creating the first startup floppy disk showing
the progress on the Creating startup media dialog box
… Insert the second floppy disk and click the OK button when the Please insert formatted diskette #2
into drive A: message will appear

Ü When R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator finishes creating the second startup floppy
disk, the R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear
You may either exit R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or
create another startup media by clicking the Next button.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 91

R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message

Startup Media Troubleshooting Options

Those options will help you if you have problems with starting you computer up from the R-Studio
startup disks. Please, contact the R-Studio Technical Support Team for more information.
R-Studio Startup Media Troubleshooting Options dialog box

Display kernel startup if this checkbox is enabled, R-Studio Emergency displays all startup
messages messages. That may be useful to locate the source of the problem when
your system hangs during R-Studio Emergency startup.
Disables ACPI Select these checkboxes when your system detects some hardware
Disables APIC incorrectly during R-Studio Emergency startup and displays messages
like: hda: lost interrupt
Disables USB device support Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with USB
devices during R-Studio Emergency startup.
Disables DMA for all IDE disk Select these checkbox if your system experiences problems with IDE disks

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 92 R-Studio Manual

drives during R-Studio Emergency startup.

PCI BIOS Select an appropriate option if your system experiences problems with PCI
cards.
BIOS RAIDS Select an appropriate option if your system experiences problems with
RAIDs built in the system board.
5.4 R-Studio Emergency Operation
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Emergency Startup Disks
File Recovery
Searching for a File
Disk Scan
Disk Images
Technical Information
Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer
Network Drives
Log
Hardware Compatibility List
R-Studio Emergency
Contact Information and Technical Support
Installing R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator
Creating Startup Disks
5.4.1 Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Emergency Startup Disks

We recommended that you print out this help page and have the hardcopy on hand while you
are performing this action.
If there is a non-IDE disk controller in your system, or you plan to use network disks or external hardware
devices, first check the Hardware Compatibility List.
If you plan to use any external device, turn it on before starting the system.
If the motherboard in your computer supports the Serial ATA (SATA) devices, but IDE disks are also
present, only the SATA devices should be set to the Enhanced Mode in BIOS.
To start the computer with the R-Studio Emergency startup CD disc or any removable device,
• Make sure that the first startup device in the system BIOS is the CD drive or the removable device
Refer to your system documentation for details.
‚ Insert the R-Studio Emergency startup CD disc and start your computer
Ü R-Studio Emergency will start and its Device/Disk panel will appear
To start the computer with the R-Studio Emergency startup floppy disks,
• Make sure that the first startup device in the system BIOS is A (Floppy)
Refer to your system documentation for details.
‚ Insert the first startup floppy disk and start your computer
Ü The following text will appear on the screen:
Loading
Uncompressing ... OK, starting the kernel

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 93

VFS: Insert the second boot disk and press ENTER

ƒ Insert the second disk and press ENTER.
Ü R-Studio Emergency will start and its Device/Disk panel will appear
5.4.2 File Recovery

To recover files,
• Select a partition on the Device/Disk panel on which the files to recover reside and press the Enter
key
Ü R-Studio will change its panel showing the disk's folders/files structure
‚ Select the file to recover on the Files View panel. Use the Tab key to switch between panes
ƒ Press the F2 key and specify the output folder on the Recover dialog box
Searching for a File
Mapping Network Drives
Viewing object properties
5.4.3 Searching for a File

To search for a file,

• Select Find on the Tools menu (or press the Alt+F key)
‚ Specify a file name or mask
Look at dialog box
Deleted files: If it is selected, R-Studio makes a search among deleted files/folders.
Existing files: If it is selected, R-Studio makes a search among existing files/folders.
Files: If it is selected, R-Studio includes files into a search.
Folders: If it is selected, R-Studio includes folders into a search.
To find the next file corresponding to the specified file mask,
¡ Press the Alt+N key
5.4.4 Disk Scan

To scan an object
• Select an object on the Device/Disk panel and press the F6 key
‚ Specify the required parameters on the Scan dialog box and press the Enter key
Scan dialog box
Start: Sets the start point of the area to be scanned.
Size: Sets the size of the area to be scanned.
Numbers in these fields can be in bytes or sectors.
If no letters are after the numbers, R-Studio assumes the numbers in bytes.
The following case-ignoring notation is possible:
b Bytes
kb Kilobytes
mb Megabytes
gb Gigabytes
tb Terabytes

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 94 R-Studio Manual

Ü When an object is scanned, it may be searched for files, and found files may be recovered the same
way as for a regular object
Found objects:
Extra Found Files Entries of known file types have been found
Recognized1 Records and file entries are found for this partition
Recognized2 Only file entries are found for this partition
Recognized3 Only boot records are found for this partition
To save scan information
• Select an object with scan information
‚ Press the Alt+D key and select Save Scan Information on the Drive menu
ƒ Specify the output folder and file name on the Save Scan Information dialog box
Mapping Network Drives
To open scan information
• Select an object to which scan information is to be opened
‚ Press the Alt+D key and select Open Scan Information on the Drive menu
ƒ Specify the folder and file name with the scan information on the Open Scan Information dialog box
Mapping Network Drives
To delete scan information
• Select an object to which scan information is to be deleted
ƒ Press the Alt+D key and select Delete Scan Information on the Drive menu
5.4.5 Disk Images

To create an image file

• Select an object on the Device/Disk panel
‚ Press the Alt+D key and select Create Plain Image File or Create Compressed Image File on the Drive
menu
Plain Image If this option is selected, R-Studio will create a simple exact copy of the
object. This image format is compatible with the previous versions of
R-Studio.
Compressed Image If this option is selected, R-Studio will create an image file compatible
with the images created by R-Drive Image, but incompatible with the
previous versions of R-Studio.
ƒ Specify the output folder and file name on the Create Image File dialog box
Mapping Network Drives
To load an image file
• Press the Alt+D key and select Open Image File on the Drive menu
‚ Specify the folder and file name with the image on the Open Image File dialog box
Mapping Network Drives

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 95

5.5 R-Studio Emergency Technical Information

Network Drives
Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer
Log
R-Studio Emergency
Contact Information and Technical Support
Installing R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator
Creating Startup Disks
R-Studio Emergency Operation
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Emergency Startup Disks
File Recovery
Searching for a File
Disk Scan
Disk Images
Hardware Compatibility List
5.5.1 Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer

To view object properties,

• Select an object
‚ Press the F7 key
To view an object
• Select an object
‚ Press the F3 key
Ü Press the F6 key to view and select file attributes
Press the Esc key to close the viewer.
5.5.2 Network Drives

To map a network drive,

• On a dialog box with Map Network Drive, press the Alt+M key
Ü The Querying DHCP message will appear
If the network has a DHCP server, the computer will obtain an IP address automatically. A list of
adapters and their IP addresses will appear on the Network Adapters dialog box.
If the network does not have a DHCP server, select a network adapter on the Network Adapters
dialog box and press the F4 key. Enter the IP address and network mask and press the Enter button.
‚ Select a configured network adapter and press the Enter key
ƒ Enter the required information on the Map Network Drive message message
Server IP Address: IP address of the computer where the network drive is to reside.
Server Share Name: Name of the shared folder where the network drive is to reside.
Login: Username of a user on the computer where the network drive is to reside.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 96 R-Studio Manual

Password: User's password on the computer where the network drive is to reside.
Ü The mounted network disk will appear
To disconnect a mounted network drive
• Select a mounted network drive
‚ Switch to the Disconnect button and press the Enter key
5.5.3 Log

To clear log information

¡ Select Clear Log on the Tools menu
To save log information to a file
¡ Select Save Log To File on the Tools menu

5.6 R-Studio Emergency Hardware Compatibility List

R-Studio Emergency supports the following hardware devices:
(*: Only in the CD version)
Data Storage Devices
Block devices
Normal floppy disk
Compaq SMART2
Compaq Smart Array 5xxx
Mylex DAC960/DAC1100 PCI RAID Controller *
Promise SATA SX8 *
USB support
USB 2.0
USB Mass Storage
ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL
Generic ATA/ATAPI/MFM/RLL/ATA-2
OPTi 82C621 chipset enhanced *
AEC62XX chipset *
ALI M15x3 chipset *
AMD and nVidia IDE
ATI IXP chipset IDE *
CMD64{3|6|8|9} chipset *
Compaq Triflex IDE *
CY82C693 chipset *
Cyrix CS5510/20 MediaGX chipset *
Cyrix/National Semiconductor CS5530 MediaGX chipset *
HPT34X chipset *
HPT36X/37X chipset *
National SCx200 chipset *
Intel PIIXn chipsets
NS87415 chipset *

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 97

PROMISE PDC202{46|62|65|67}
PROMISE PDC202{68|69|70|71|75|76|77}
ServerWorks OSB4/CSB5/CSB6 chipsets *
Silicon Image chipset
SiS5513 chipset *
SLC90E66 chipset *
Tekram TRM290 chipset *
VIA82CXXX chipset *
SCSI low-level drivers
3ware 5/6/7/8xxx ATA-RAID *
3ware 9xxx SATA-RAID *
7000FASST SCSI *
ACARD SCSI *
Adaptec AHA152X/2825 *
Adaptec AHA1542 *
Adaptec AACRAID
Adaptec AIC7xxx Fast -> U160
Adaptec AIC7xxx *
Adaptec AIC79xx U320
Adaptec I2O RAID *
Always IN2000 SCSI *
LSI Logic Management Module *
LSI Logic MegaRAID Driver *
AHCI SATA *
ServerWorks Frodo / Apple K2 SATA *
Intel PIIX/ICH SATA *
NVIDIA SATA *
Promise SATA TX2/TX4 *
Pacific Digital SATA QStor *
Promise SATA SX4 *
Silicon Image SATA *
SiS 964/180 SATA *
ULi Electronics SATA *
VIA SATA *
VITESSE VSC-7174 SATA *
BusLogic SCSI
DMX3191D SCSI *
DTC3180/3280 SCSI *
EATA ISA/EISA/PCI (DPT and generic EATA/DMA-compliant boards) *
EATA-PIO (old DPT PM2001, PM2012A) *
Future Domain 16xx SCSI/AHA-2920A *
Intel/ICP (former GDT SCSI Disk Array) RAID Controller *
Generic NCR5380/53c400 SCSI PIO *
Generic NCR5380/53c400 SCSI MMIO *
IBM ServeRAID *
Initio 9100U(W) *

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 98 R-Studio Manual

Initio INI-A100U2W *
NCR53c406a SCSI *
SYM53C8XX Version 2 SCSI
IBM Power Linux RAID adapter *
PAS16 SCSI *
PSI240i *
Qlogic FAS SCSI *
Qlogic ISP SCSI
Qlogic ISP FC SCSI
Qlogic QLA 1240/1x80/1x160 SCSI
QLogic ISP2100 host adapter family *
QLogic ISP2200 host adapter family *
QLogic ISP2300 host adapter family *
QLogic ISP2322 host adapter family *
QLogic ISP63xx host adapter family *
Symbios 53c416 SCSI *
Tekram DC395(U/UW/F) and DC315(U) SCSI *
Tekram DC390(T) and Am53/79C974 SCSI
Trantor T128/T128F/T228 SCSI *
UltraStor 14F/34F *
UltraStor SCSI *
Workbit NinjaSCSI-32Bi/UDE
IEEE 1394 (FireWire)
SBP-2 support (Harddisks etc.) *
Networking Devices
Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit)
Sun Happy Meal 10/100baseT *
Sun GEM *
3c501 `EtherLink` *
3c503 `EtherLink II` *
3c505 `EtherLink Plus` *
3c507 `EtherLink 16` *
3c509/3c529 (MCA)/3c569B (98)/3c579 `EtherLink III` *
3c515 ISA `Fast EtherLink` *
3c590/3c900 series (592/595/597) `Vortex/Boomerang` *
3cr990 series `Typhoon` *
AMD LANCE and PCnet (AT1500 and NE2100) *
WD80*3 *
SMC Ultra *
SMC 9194 *
NI5210 *
NI6510 *
Early DECchip Tulip (dc2104x) PCI *
DECchip Tulip (dc2114x) PCI *
Generic DECchip & DIGITAL EtherWORKS PCI/EISA *
Winbond W89c840 Ethernet *
R-Tools Technology Inc.
 R-Studio Emergency 99

Davicom DM910x/DM980x *
AT1700/1720/RE1000Plus(C-Bus) *
DEPCA, DE10x, DE200, DE201, DE202, DE422 *
HP 10/100VG PCLAN (ISA, EISA, PCI) *
Cabletron E21xx *
EtherExpress 16 *
EtherExpressPro support/EtherExpress 10 (i82595) *
HP PCLAN+ (27247B and 27252A) *
HP PCLAN (27245 and other 27xxx series) *
LP486E on board Ethernet *
ICL EtherTeam 16i/32 *
NE2000/NE1000 *
Zenith Z-Note *
SEEQ8005 *
AMD PCnet32 PCI *
AMD 8111 (new PCI lance) *
Adaptec Starfire/DuraLAN *
Ansel Communications EISA 3200 *
Apricot Xen-II on board Ethernet *
Broadcom 4400 ethernet *
Reverse Engineered nForce Ethernet *
CS89x0 *
Digi Intl. RightSwitch SE-X *
EtherExpressPro/100 *
Intel(R) PRO/100+ *
Myson MTD-8xx PCI Ethernet *
National Semiconductor DP8381x series PCI Ethernet *
PCI NE2000 and clones support (see help) *
RealTek RTL-8139 C+ PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter *
RealTek RTL-8139 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter *
SiS 900/7016 PCI Fast Ethernet Adapter *
SMC EtherPower II *
Sundance Alta *
TI ThunderLAN *
VIA Rhine *
AT-LAN-TEC/RealTek pocket adapter *
D-Link DE600 pocket adapter *
D-Link DE620 pocket adapter *
Ethernet (1000 Mbit)
Alteon AceNIC/3Com 3C985/NetGear GA620 Gigabit *
D-Link DL2000-based Gigabit Ethernet *
Intel(R) PRO/1000 Gigabit Ethernet *
National Semiconduct DP83820 *
Packet Engines Hamachi GNIC-II *
Packet Engines Yellowfin Gigabit-NIC *
Realtek 8169 gigabit ethernet *

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 100 R-Studio Manual

Marvell Yukon Chipset / SysKonnect SK-98xx Support *

VIA Velocity *
Broadcom Tigon3 *
Ethernet (10000 Mbit)
Intel(R) PRO/10GbE *
S2IO 10Gbe XFrame NIC *
Token Ring devices
IBM Tropic chipset based adapter *
IBM Olympic chipset PCI adapter *
IBM Lanstreamer chipset PCI adapter *
3Com 3C359 Token Link Velocity XL adapter *
SMC ISA/MCA adapter *
Wireless LAN
STRIP (Metricom starmode radio IP) *
Aironet Arlan 655 & IC2200 DS *
AT&T/Lucent old WaveLAN & DEC RoamAbout DS ISA *
Cisco/Aironet 34X/35X/4500/4800 ISA and PCI cards *
Hermes chipset 802.11b support (Orinoco/Prism2/Symbol) *
Hermes in PLX9052 based PCI adaptor support (Netgear MA301 etc.) *
Hermes in TMD7160 based PCI adaptor *
Prism 2.5 PCI 802.11b adaptor *
Atmel at76c50x chipset 802.11b *
Atmel at76c506 PCI cards *
USB Network Adapters
USB CATC NetMate-based Ethernet device *
USB KLSI KL5USB101-based ethernet device *
USB Pegasus/Pegasus-II based ethernet device *
USB RTL8150 based ethernet device *

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Emergency 101

VI R-Studio Agent Emergency

R-Studio Agent Emergency is a tool that allows you to start a network computer with a damaged startup
disk and recover data stored on its hard drives. Then restored data can be transferred to a working
computer via the network.
It works very simple: Just start the computer with the R-Studio Agent Emergency startup disk and, if
necessary, manually configure a network interface for R-Studio Agent Emergency. When started, the
computer and its hard drives can be accessed by R-Studio installed on another computer in the network.
Contact Information and Technical Support
Installing R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator
Creating Startup Disks
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Disk
Hardware Compatibility List
Disk Controllers
Network Cards
6.1 Contact Information and Technical Support
To obtain the latest version of R-Studio Agent Emergency, go to:
Product Site: http://www.r-tt.com
Sales Department: [email protected]
R-Studio Technical Support Team is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and has an average
response time less than 4 hours.
Tech. Support: [email protected]
Send your support request to: http://www.r-tt.com/Support_request.html
6.2 Installing R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator
Attention Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 users! You must have administrative privileges to install
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator.
If you are not sure whether you have such privileges, you almost certainly do not have them. Contact your
system administrator for assistance.
1.Run the setup file.
2.Follow the on-screen instructions.
You may create startup disks even before the installation ends.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 102 R-Studio Manual

6.3 Creating Startup Disks

You need to create either 1 special startup floppy disk or a startup CD disc
Check the Hardware Compatibility List.
To create a startup CD disc:
• Run R-Studio Agent Emergency
‚ Select ISO Image for a startup CD on the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator dialog
box and click the Next button
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator dialog box

ƒ Enter the registration information and number on the Registration dialog box and click the Next button
If you leave all the field blank, R-Studio Agent Emergency will work with the Demo-version
limitations

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 103

Registration dialog box

„ Select a place and file name for the ISO image of the startup CD and click the Save button
Ü When R-Studio Bootable Startup Media Creator finishes writing the file with the ISO image, the
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear
You may either exit R-Studio Bootable Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or
create another startup media by clicking the Next button.
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished dialog box

… Create the startup CD using your favorite CD creation software

Load the created ISO image into the CD creation software. Consult documentation for the software
for details.
To create a floppy disk:
You will need 1 formatted floppy disk.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 104 R-Studio Manual

• Run R-Studio Agent Emergency

‚ Select Floppy Disk for the startup floppy disk on the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media
Creator dialog box and click the Next button
ƒ Enter the registration information and number on the Registration dialog box and click the Next button
If you leave all the field blank, R-Studio Agent Emergency will work with the Demo-version
limitations
„ Insert the floppy disk and click the Next button on the Insert floppy dialog box
Insert floppy dialog box

Ü R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator will start creating the startup floppy disk
showing the progress on the Creating startup media dialog box
Creating startup media dialog box

When R-Studio Bootable Startup Media Creator finishes creating the startup floppy disk, the
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished message will appear. You may

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 105

either exit R-Studio Bootable Startup Media Creator by clicking the Finish button or create
another startup media by clicking the Next button.
R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creation is Finished dialog box

6.4 Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup

Disk
We recommended that you print out this help page and have the hardcopy on hand while you
are performing this action.
Before you start the computer you should be aware that your network has a DHCP server or you
know the computer's IP address and network mask.
If there is a non-IDE disk controller in your system, or you plan to use network disks or external hardware
devices, first check the Hardware Compatibility List.
If you plan to use any external device, turn it on before starting the system.
If the motherboard in your computer supports the Serial ATA (SATA) devices, but IDE disks are also
present, only the SATA devices should be set to the Enhanced Mode in BIOS.
To start the computer with the R-Studio Agent Emergency startup disks
• Make sure that the first startup device in the system BIOS is the device from which you plan to start
your computer (a CD drive or A (Floppy))
Refer to your system documentation for details.
‚ Insert the R-Studio Agent Emergency startup CD disc or floppy disk and start your computer
Ü R-Studio Agent Emergency will start and its prompt will appear
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Booting R-Studio Emergency. Please wait...
Waiting 8 seconds for PCMCIA devices to settle
Booting R-Studio Agent Emergency. Now you may remove floppy.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Querying DHCP to configure network interfaces...
Press ENTER within 10 seconds to configure them manually.
If your network has a DHCP server
The computer running R-Studio Agent Emergency will be assigned an IP address automatically

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 106 R-Studio Manual

A prompt with a computer address will appear. You need to remember it to access the computer via
network.
If your network does not have a DHCP server
You need to configure the interfaces and IP addresses manually.
1. A prompt to select an interface will appear. Enter the selected interface name and press Enter.
2. A prompt to enter its IP address and optional subnet mask will appear. Enter the IP address and
optional subnet mask and press Enter.
3. A prompt to configure another interface or to finish configuring the interfaces will appear.
------------------------------------------------------------------
# Enter interface name or just press Enter to finish
#>
4. Press Enter to finish configuring the interfaces, or enter the name of the next interface to configure.
Ü R-Studio Agent Emergency will show a prompt that is ready to accept connections
* R-Studio Agent started and ready to accept connections...
Now the computer may be accessed by R-Studio via network.
6.5 R-Studio Agent Emergency Hardware Compatibility List
Disk Controllers
Network Cards
R-Studio Agent Emergency
Contact Information and Technical Support
Installing R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Media Creator
Creating Startup Disks
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup Disk
6.5.1 Disk Controllers
R-Studio Agent Emergency is based on the FreeBSD 5.3 kernel and supports devices from the list
published at http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html.
*: Supported in the floppy version
Disk controllers
IDE/ATA controllers ( ata driver) *
The adapters supported by the aic driver include:
Adaptec AHA-1505 (ISA)
Adaptec AHA-1510A, AHA-1510B (ISA)
Adaptec AHA-1520A, AHA-1520B (ISA)
Adaptec AHA-1522A, AHA-1522B (ISA)
Adaptec AHA-1535 (ISA)
Creative Labs SoundBlaster SCSI host adapter (ISA)
Adaptec AHA-1460, AHA-1460B, AHA-1460C, AHA-1460D (PC Card)
Adaptec AHA-1030B, AHA-1030P (PC98)
NEC PC-9801-100 (PC98)
The aha driver supports the following SCSI host adapters:
Adaptec AHA-154xB
Adaptec AHA-154xC
Adaptec AHA-154xCF
R-Tools Technology Inc.
 R-Studio Agent Emergency 107

Adaptec AHA-154xCP
Adaptec AHA-1640
Adaptec AHA-174x in 154x emulation mode
DTC 3290 SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode
Tekram SCSI controllers in 154x emulation mode
The ahb driver supports the following SCSI host adapters:
Adaptec AHA-1740
Adaptec AHA-1742
Adaptec AHA-1740A
Adaptec AHA-1742A
The ahc driver supports the following SCSI host adapter chips and SCSI controller cards:
Adaptec AIC7770 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7850 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7860 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7870 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7880 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7890 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7891 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7892 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7895 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7896 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7897 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7899 host adapter chip
Adaptec 274X(W)
Adaptec 274X(T)
Adaptec 284X
Adaptec 2910
Adaptec 2915
Adaptec 2920
Adaptec 2930C
Adaptec 2930U2
Adaptec 2940
Adaptec 2940J
Adaptec 2940N
Adaptec 2940U
Adaptec 2940AU
Adaptec 2940UW
Adaptec 2940UW Dual
Adaptec 2940UW Pro
Adaptec 2940U2W
Adaptec 2940U2B
Adaptec 2950U2W
Adaptec 2950U2B
Adaptec 19160B
Adaptec 29160B
Adaptec 29160N

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 108 R-Studio Manual

Adaptec 3940
Adaptec 3940U
Adaptec 3940AU
Adaptec 3940UW
Adaptec 3940AUW
Adaptec 3940U2W
Adaptec 3950U2
Adaptec 3960
Adaptec 39160
Adaptec 3985
Adaptec 4944UW
NEC PC-9821Xt13 (PC-98)
NEC RvII26 (PC-98)
NEC PC-9821X-B02L/B09 (PC-98)
NEC SV-98/2-B03 (PC-98)
Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support
The ahd driver supports the following:
Adaptec AIC7901 host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7901A host adapter chip
Adaptec AIC7902 host adapter chip
Adaptec 29320 host adapter
Adaptec 39320 host adapter
Many motherboards with on-board SCSI support
Controllers supported by the aac driver include:
Adaptec AAC-364
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2120S
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2130S
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2200S
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2410SA
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2810SA
Adaptec SCSI RAID 5400S
Dell CERC SATA RAID 2
Dell PERC 2/Si
Dell PERC 2/QC
Dell PERC 3/Si
Dell PERC 3/Di
Dell PERC 320/DC
HP NetRAID 4M
The adv driver supports the following SCSI controllers:
AdvanSys ABP510/5150
AdvanSys ABP5140
AdvanSys ABP5142
AdvanSys ABP902/3902
AdvanSys ABP3905
AdvanSys ABP915
AdvanSys ABP920

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 109

AdvanSys ABP3922
AdvanSys ABP3925
AdvanSys ABP930, ABP930U, ABP930UA
AdvanSys ABP960, ABP960U
AdvanSys ABP542
AdvanSys ABP742
AdvanSys ABP842
AdvanSys ABP940
AdvanSys ABP940UA/3940UA
AdvanSys ABP940U
AdvanSys ABP3960UA
AdvanSys ABP970, ABP970U
AdvanSys ABP752
AdvanSys ABP852
AdvanSys ABP950
AdvanSys ABP980, ABP980U
AdvanSys ABP980UA/3980UA
MELCO IFC-USP (PC-98)
RATOC REX-PCI30 (PC-98)
@Nifty FNECHARD IFC-USUP-TX (PC-98)
The adw driver supports SCSI controllers including:
AdvanSys ABP940UW/ABP3940UW
AdvanSys ABP950UW
AdvanSys ABP970UW
AdvanSys ABP3940U2W
AdvanSys ABP3950U2W
The bt driver supports the following BusLogic MultiMaster ``W'', ``C'', ``S'', and ``A'' series and compatible
SCSI host adapters:
BusLogic BT-445C
BusLogic BT-445S
BusLogic BT-540CF
BusLogic BT-542B
BusLogic BT-542B
BusLogic BT-542D
BusLogic BT-545C
BusLogic BT-545S
BusLogic/BusTek BT-640
BusLogic BT-742A
BusLogic BT-742A
BusLogic BT-747C
BusLogic BT-747D
BusLogic BT-747S
BusLogic BT-757C
BusLogic BT-757CD
BusLogic BT-757D
BusLogic BT-757S

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 110 R-Studio Manual

BusLogic BT-946C
BusLogic BT-948
BusLogic BT-956C
BusLogic BT-956CD
BusLogic BT-958
BusLogic BT-958D
Storage Dimensions SDC3211B / SDC3211F
AMI FastDisk Host Adapters that are true BusLogic MultiMaster clones are also supported by the bt
driver.
The dpt driver provides support for the following RAID adapters:
DPT Smart Cache Plus
Smart Cache II (PM2?2?, PM2022 [EISA], PM2024/PM2124 [PCI]) (Gen2)
Smart RAID II (PM3?2?, PM3021, PM3222)
Smart Cache III (PM2?3?)
Smart RAID III (PM3?3?, PM3332 [EISA], PM3334UW [PCI]) (Gen3)
Smart Cache IV (PM2?4?, PM2042 [EISA], PM2044/PM2144 [PCI]) (Gen4)
Smart RAID IV
The adapters currently supported by the asr driver include the following:
Adaptec Zero-Channel SCSI RAID 2000S, 2005S, 2010S, 2015S
Adaptec SCSI RAID 2100S, 2110S
Adaptec ATA-100 RAID 2400A
Adaptec SCSI RAID 3200S, 3210S
Adaptec SCSI RAID 3400S, 3410S
Adaptec SmartRAID PM1554
Adaptec SmartRAID PM1564
Adaptec SmartRAID PM2554
Adaptec SmartRAID PM2564
Adaptec SmartRAID PM2664
Adaptec SmartRAID PM2754
Adaptec SmartRAID PM2865
Adaptec SmartRAID PM3754
Adaptec SmartRAID PM3755U2B / SmartRAID V Millennium
Adaptec SmartRAID PM3757
DEC KZPCC-AC (LVD 1-ch, 4MB or 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-CE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache),
DEC KZPCC-XC (LVD 1-ch, 16MB cache), DEC KZPCC-XE (LVD 3-ch, 64MB cache) -- rebadged
SmartRAID V Millennium
The amr driver supports the following:
AMI MegaRAID 320-1
AMI MegaRAID 320-2
AMI MegaRAID 320-4X
AMI MegaRAID Series 418
AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1200 (Series 428)
AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1300 (Series 434)
AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1400 (Series 438)
AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1500 (Series 467)
AMI MegaRAID Enterprise 1600 (Series 471)

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 111

AMI MegaRAID Elite 1500 (Series 467)

AMI MegaRAID Elite 1600 (Series 493)
AMI MegaRAID Elite 1650 (Series 4xx)
AMI MegaRAID Express 100 (Series 466WS)
AMI MegaRAID Express 200 (Series 466)
AMI MegaRAID Express 300 (Series 490)
AMI MegaRAID Express 500 (Series 475)
Dell PERC
Dell PERC 2/SC
Dell PERC 2/DC
Dell PERC 3/DCL
Dell PERC 3/QC
Dell PERC 4/Di
HP NetRAID-1/Si
HP NetRAID-3/Si (D4943A)
HP Embedded NetRAID
Note: Booting from these controllers is supported. EISA adapters are not supported.
Controllers supported by the mlx driver include:
Mylex DAC960P
Mylex DAC960PD / DEC KZPSC (Fast Wide)
Mylex DAC960PDU
Mylex DAC960PL
Mylex DAC960PJ
Mylex DAC960PG
Mylex DAC960PU / DEC PZPAC (Ultra Wide)
Mylex AcceleRAID 150 (DAC960PRL)
Mylex AcceleRAID 250 (DAC960PTL1)
Mylex eXtremeRAID 1100 (DAC1164P)
RAIDarray 230 controllers, aka the Ultra-SCSI DEC KZPAC-AA (1-ch, 4MB cache), KZPAC-CA
(3-ch, 4MB), KZPAC-CB (3-ch, 8MB cache)
All major firmware revisions (2.x, 3.x, 4.x and 5.x) are supported, however it is always advisable to
upgrade to the most recent firmware available for the controller. Compatible Mylex controllers not
listed should work, but have not been verified.
Note: Booting from these controllers is supported. EISA adapters are not supported.
Controllers supported by the mly driver include:
Mylex AcceleRAID 160
Mylex AcceleRAID 170
Mylex AcceleRAID 352
Mylex eXtremeRAID 2000
Mylex eXtremeRAID 3000
Compatible Mylex controllers not listed should work, but have not been verified.
The twe driver supports the following ATA RAID controllers:
AMCC's 3ware 5000 series
AMCC's 3ware 6000 series
AMCC's 3ware 7000-2
AMCC's 3ware 7006-2

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 112 R-Studio Manual

AMCC's 3ware 7500-4LP

AMCC's 3ware 7500-8
AMCC's 3ware 7500-12
AMCC's 3ware 7506-4LP
AMCC's 3ware 7506-8
AMCC's 3ware 7506-12
AMCC's 3ware 8006-2LP
AMCC's 3ware 8500-4LP
AMCC's 3ware 8500-8
AMCC's 3ware 8500-12
AMCC's 3ware 8506-4LP
AMCC's 3ware 8506-8
AMCC's 3ware 8506-8MI
AMCC's 3ware 8506-12
AMCC's 3ware 8506-12MI
The twa driver supports the following PATA/SATA RAID controllers:
AMCC's 3ware 9500S-4LP
AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8
AMCC's 3ware 9500S-8MI
AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12
AMCC's 3ware 9500S-12MI
The ncr driver provides support for the following NCR/Symbios SCSI controller chips:
53C810
53C810A
53C815
53C820
53C825A
53C860
53C875
53C875J
53C885
53C895
53C895A
53C896
53C1510D
The following add-on boards are known to be supported:
I-O DATA SC-98/PCI (PC-98)
I-O DATA SC-PCI (PC-98)
The sym driver provides support for the following Symbios/LSI Logic PCI SCSI controllers:
53C810
53C810A
53C815
53C825
53C825A
53C860
53C875

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 113

53C876
53C895
53C895A
53C896
53C897
53C1000
53C1000R
53C1010-33
53C1010-66
53C1510D
The SCSI controllers supported by sym can be either embedded on a motherboard, or on one of the
following add-on boards:
ASUS SC-200, SC-896
Data Technology DTC3130 (all variants)
DawiControl DC2976UW
Diamond FirePort (all)
I-O DATA SC-UPCI (PC-98)
Logitec LHA-521UA (PC-98)
NCR cards (all)
Symbios cards (all)
Tekram DC390W, 390U, 390F, 390U2B, 390U2W, 390U3D, and 390U3W
Tyan S1365
The following devices are currently supported by the ncv driver:
I-O DATA PCSC-DV
KME KXLC002 (TAXAN ICD-400PN, etc.), KXLC004, and UJDCD450
Macnica Miracle SCSI-II mPS110
Media Intelligent MSC-110, MSC-200
NEC PC-9801N-J03R
New Media Corporation BASICS SCSI
Qlogic Fast SCSI
RATOC REX-9530, REX-5572 (SCSI only)
Controllers supported by the stg driver include:
Adaptec 2920/A
Future Domain SCSI2GO
Future Domain TMC-18XX/3260
IBM SCSI PCMCIA Card
ICM PSC-2401 SCSI
MELCO IFC-SC
RATOC REX-5536, REX-5536AM, REX-5536M, REX-9836A
Note that the Adaptec 2920C is supported by the ahc driver.
Cards supported by the isp driver include:
ISP1000
PTI SBS440
ISP1020
ISP1040
PTI SBS450

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 114 R-Studio Manual

Qlogic 1240
Qlogic 1020
Qlogic 1040
Qlogic 1080
Qlogic 1280
Qlogic 12160
Qlogic 2100
Qlogic 2102
Qlogic 2200
Qlogic 2202
Qlogic 2204
Qlogic 2300
Qlogic 2312
PTI SBS470
Antares P-0033
Controllers supported by the amd driver include:
MELCO IFC-DP (PC-98)
Tekram DC390
Tekram DC390T
Controllers supported by the nsp driver include:
Alpha-Data AD-PCS201
I-O DATA CBSC16
Adaptec AIC-7110 Parallel to SCSI interfaces ( vpo driver)
The following controllers are supported by the ida driver:
Compaq SMART Array 221
Compaq Integrated SMART Array Controller
Compaq SMART Array 4200
Compaq SMART Array 4250ES
Compaq SMART 3200 Controller
Compaq SMART 3100ES Controller
Compaq SMART-2/DH Controller
Compaq SMART-2/SL Controller
Compaq SMART-2/P Controller
Compaq SMART-2/E Controller
Compaq SMART Controller
Controllers supported by the ciss driver include:
Compaq Smart Array 5300
Compaq Smart Array 532
Compaq Smart Array 5i
HP Smart Array 5312
HP Smart Array 6i
HP Smart Array 641
HP Smart Array 642
HP Smart Array 6400
HP Smart Array 6400 EM
HP Smart Array 6422

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 115

HP Smart Array V100

HP Modular Smart Array 20 (MSA20)
HP Modular Smart Array 500 (MSA500)
Controllers supported by the iir driver include:
Intel RAID Controller SRCMR
Intel Server RAID Controller U3-l (SRCU31a)
Intel Server RAID Controller U3-1L (SRCU31La)
Intel Server RAID Controller U3-2 (SRCU32)
All past and future releases of Intel and ICP RAID Controllers.
Intel RAID Controller SRCU21 (discontinued)
Intel RAID Controller SRCU31 (older revision, not compatible)
Intel RAID Controller SRCU31L (older revision, not compatible)
The SRCU31 and SRCU31L can be updated via a firmware update available from Intel.
Promise SuperTrak ATA RAID controllers (pst driver)
The hptmv driver supports the HighPoint RocketRAID 182x SATA controllers.
Controllers supported by the ips driver include:
IBM ServeRAID 3H
ServeRAID 4L/4M/4H
ServeRAID Series 5
ServeRAID 6i/6M
The following controllers are supported by the mpt driver:
LSI Logic 53c1030 (Dual Ultra320 SCSI)
LSI Logic FC909 (1Gb/s Fibre Channel)
LSI Logic FC909A (Dual 1Gb/s Fibre Channel)
LSI Logic FC919 (2Gb/s Fibre Channel)
LSI Logic FC929 (Dual 2Gb/s Fibre Channel)
The SCSI controller chips supprted by the mpt driver can be found onboard on many systems
including:
Dell PowerEdge 1750
IBM eServer xSeries 335
SCSI controllers supported by the trm driver include:
Tekram DC-315 PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS and internal SCSI connector
Tekram DC-315U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter without BIOS
Tekram DC-395F PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS and 68-pin external SCSI connector
Tekram DC-395U PCI Ultra SCSI adapter with flash BIOS
Tekram DC-395UW PCI Ultra-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS
Tekram DC-395U2W PCI Ultra2-Wide SCSI adapter with flash BIOS
For the Tekram DC-310/U and DC-390F/U/UW/U2B/U2W/U3W PCI SCSI host adapters, use the sym
driver.
The wds driver supports the WD7000 SCSI controller.
6.5.2 Network Cards
R-Studio Agent Emergency is based on the FreeBSD 5.3 kernel and supports devices from the list
published at http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.3R/hardware-i386.html.
*: Supported in the floppy version

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 116 R-Studio Manual

Ethernet NICs
Adapters supported by the sf driver include:
ANA-62011 64-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter
ANA-62022 64-bit dual port 10/100baseTX adapter
ANA-62044 64-bit quad port 10/100baseTX adapter
ANA-69011 32-bit single port 10/100baseTX adapter
ANA-62020 64-bit single port 100baseFX adapter
The ti driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Alteon Tigon I and II chips. The ti driver has
been tested with the following adapters:
3Com 3c985-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 1)
3Com 3c985B-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter (Tigon 2)
Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)
Alteon AceNIC V Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)
Digital EtherWORKS 1000SX PCI Gigabit adapter
Netgear GA620 Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseSX)
Netgear GA620T Gigabit Ethernet adapter (1000baseT)
The following adapters should also be supported but have not yet been tested:
Asante GigaNIX1000T Gigabit Ethernet adapter
Asante PCI 1000BASE-SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter
Farallon PN9000SX Gigabit Ethernet adapter
NEC Gigabit Ethernet
Silicon Graphics PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter
The pcn driver supports adapters and embedded controllers based on the AMD PCnet/FAST, PCnet/FAST+,
PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO and PCnet/Home Fast Ethernet chips:
AMD Am53C974/Am79C970/Am79C974 PCnet-PCI *
AMD Am79C970A PCnet-PCI II *
AMD Am79C971 PCnet-FAST *
AMD Am79C972 PCnet-FAST+ *
AMD Am79C973/Am79C975 PCnet-FAST III *
AMD Am79C976 PCnet-PRO *
AMD PCnet/Home HomePNA
Allied-Telesis LA-PCI
Contec C-NET(98)S (PC-98)
NEC SV-98/2-B05, B06
The lnc driver supports the following adapters:
Novell NE2100 *
Novell NE32-VL *
Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)
Isolan BICC
Isolink 4110 (8 bit)
Diamond HomeFree
Digital DEPCA
Hewlett Packard Vectra 486/66XM
Hewlett Packard Vectra XU
Also supported are adapters working with the pcn driver. The lnc driver runs these in compatibility
mode, thus the pcn driver should be preferred.

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 117

SMC 83c17x (EPIC)-based Ethernet NICs (tx driver)

The ed driver supports the following Ethernet NICs:
3Com 3c503 Etherlink II
AR-P500 Ethernet
Accton EN1644 (old model), EN1646 (old model), EN2203 (old model) (110pin) (flags 0xd00000)
Accton EN2212/EN2216/UE2216
Allied Telesis CentreCOM LA100-PCM_V2
Allied Telesis LA-98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)
Allied Telesis SIC-98, SIC-98NOTE (110pin), SIU-98 (flags 0x600000) (PC-98)
Allied Telesis SIU-98-D (flags 0x610000) (PC-98)
AmbiCom 10BaseT card
Bay Networks NETGEAR FA410TXC Fast Ethernet
CNet BC40 adapter
Compex Net-A adapter
Contec C-NET(98), RT-1007(98), C-NET(9N) (110pin) (flags 0xa00000) (PC-98)
Contec C-NET(98)E-A, C-NET(98)L-A, C-NET(98)P (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)
Corega Ether98-T (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)
Corega Ether PCC-T/EtherII PCC-T/FEther PCC-TXF/PCC-TXD
CyQ've ELA-010
DEC EtherWorks DE305
Danpex EN-6200P2
D-Link DE-298, DE-298P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)
D-Link DE-650/660
D-Link IC-CARD/IC-CARD+ Ethernet
ELECOM LD-98P (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)
ELECOM LD-BDN, LD-NW801G (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)
ELECOM Laneed LD-CDL/TX, LD-CDF, LD-CDS, LD-10/100CD, LD-CDWA (DP83902A)
HP PC Lan+ 27247B and 27252A
IBM Creditcard Ethernet I/II
ICM AD-ET2-T, DT-ET-25, DT-ET-T5, IF-2766ET, IF-2771ET, NB-ET-T (110pin) (flags 0x500000)
(PC-98)
I-O DATA LA/T-98, LA/T-98SB, LA2/T-98, ET/T-98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)
I-O DATA ET2/T-PCI
I-O DATA PCLATE
Kansai KLA-98C/T (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)
Kingston KNE-PC2, KNE-PCM/x Ethernet
Linksys EC2T/PCMPC100/PCM100, PCMLM56
Linksys EtherFast 10/100 PC Card, Combo PCMCIA Ethernet Card (PCMPC100 V2)
Logitec LAN-98T (flags 0xb00000) (PC-98)
MACNICA Ethernet ME1 for JEIDA
MACNICA ME98 (flags 0x900000) (PC-98)
MACNICA NE2098 (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)
MELCO EGY-98 (flags 0x300000) (PC-98)
MELCO LGH-98, LGY-98, LGY-98-N (110pin), IND-SP, IND-SS (flags 0x400000) (PC-98)
MELCO LGY-PCI-TR
MELCO LPC-T/LPC2-T/LPC2-CLT/LPC2-TX/LPC3-TX/LPC3-CLX

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 118 R-Studio Manual

NDC Ethernet Instant-Link

NEC PC-9801-77, PC-9801-78 (flags 0x910000) (PC-98)
NEC PC-9801-107, PC-9801-108 (flags 0x800000) (PC-98)
National Semiconductor InfoMover NE4100
NetGear FA-410TX
NetVin 5000
Network Everywhere Ethernet 10BaseT PC Card
Networld 98X3 (flags 0xd00000) (PC-98)
Networld EC-98X, EP-98X (flags 0xd10000) (PC-98)
Novell NE1000/NE2000/NE2100
PLANEX ENW-8300-T
PLANEX EN-2298-C (flags 0x200000) (PC-98)
PLANEX EN-2298P-T, EN-2298-T (flags 0x500000) (PC-98)
PLANEX FNW-3600-T
RealTek 8029
SMC Elite 16 WD8013
SMC Elite Ultra
SMC EtherEZ98 (flags 0x000000) (PC-98)
SMC WD8003E/WD8003EBT/WD8003S/WD8003SBT/WD8003W/WD8013EBT/WD8013W and
clones
Socket LP-E
Surecom EtherPerfect EP-427
Surecom NE-34
TDK LAK-CD031, Grey Cell GCS2000 Ethernet Card
Telecom Device SuperSocket RE450T
VIA VT86C926
Winbond W89C940
C-Bus, ISA, PCI and PC Card devices are supported.
Adapters supported by the rl driver include:
Accton ``Cheetah'' EN1207D (MPX 5030/5038; RealTek 8139 clone)
Allied Telesyn AT2550
Allied Telesyn AT2500TX
Belkin F5D5000
BUFFALO(Melco INC.) LPC-CB-CLX(CardBus)
Compaq HNE-300
CompUSA no-name 10/100 PCI Ethernet NIC
Corega FEther CB-TXD
Corega FEtherII CB-TXD
D-Link DFE-530TX+
D-Link DFE-538TX (same as 530+?)
D-Link DFE-690TXD
Edimax EP-4103DL CardBus
Encore ENL832-TX 10/100 M PCI
Farallon NetLINE 10/100 PCI
Genius GF100TXR,
GigaFast Ethernet EE100-AXP

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 119

KTX-9130TX 10/100 Fast Ethernet

LevelOne FPC-0106TX
Longshine LCS-8038TX-R
NDC Communications NE100TX-E
Netronix Inc. EA-1210 NetEther 10/100
Nortel Networks 10/100BaseTX
OvisLink LEF-8129TX
OvisLink LEF-8139TX
Peppercon AG ROL-F
Planex FNW-3800-TX
SMC EZ Card 10/100 PCI 1211-TX
SOHO(PRAGMATIC) UE-1211C
The wb driver supports Winbond W89C840F based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded controllers
including:
Trendware TE100-PCIE *
The vr driver supports VIA Technologies Rhine I, Rhine II, and Rhine III based Fast Ethernet adapters
including:
D-Link DFE530-TX
Hawking Technologies PN102TX
AOpen/Acer ALN-320
The sis driver supports Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900 * and SiS 7016 * based Fast Ethernet adapters
and embedded controllers, as well as Fast Ethernet adapters based on the National Semiconductor
DP83815 (MacPhyter) chip. Supported adapters include:
@Nifty FNECHARD IFC USUP-TX
MELCO LGY-PCI-TXC
Netgear FA311-TX (DP83815)
Netgear FA312-TX (DP83815)
SiS 630, 635, and 735 motherboard chipsets
The nge driver supports National Semiconductor DP83820 * and DP83821 based Gigabit Ethernet adapters
including:
SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX)
D-Link DGE-500T
Asante FriendlyNet GigaNIX 1000TA and 1000TPC
Addtron AEG320T
LinkSys EG1032 (32-bit PCI) and EG1064 (64-bit PCI)
Surecom Technology EP-320G-TX
Netgear GA622T
Netgear GA621
Ark PC SOHO-GA2500T (32-bit PCI) and SOHO-GA2000T (64-bit PCI)
Trendware TEG-PCITX (32-bit PCI) and TEG-PCITX2 (64-bit PCI)
The ste driver supports Sundance Technologies ST201 based Fast Ethernet adapters and embedded
controllers including:
D-Link DFE-530TXS
D-Link DFE-550TX
Adapters supported by the sk driver include:
3COM 3C940 single port, 1000baseT adapter
Belkin F5D5005 single port, 1000baseT adapter

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 120 R-Studio Manual

Linksys EG1032 single port, 1000baseT adapter

SK-9521 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter
SK-9821 SK-NET GE-T single port, 1000baseT adapter *
SK-9822 SK-NET GE-T dual port, 1000baseT adapter *
SK-9841 SK-NET GE-LX single port, single mode fiber adapter *
SK-9842 SK-NET GE-LX dual port, single mode fiber adapter *
SK-9843 SK-NET GE-SX single port, multimode fiber adapter *
SK-9844 SK-NET GE-SX dual port, multimode fiber adapter *
SMC 9452TX single port, 1000baseT adapter
The tl driver supports Texas Instruments ThunderLAN based Ethernet and Fast Ethernet adapters
including a large number of Compaq PCI Ethernet adapters. Also supported are:
Olicom OC-2135/2138 10/100 TX UTP adapter
Olicom OC-2325/OC-2326 10/100 TX UTP adapter
Racore 8148 10baseT/100baseTX/100baseFX adapter
Racore 8165 10/100baseTX adapter
The tl driver also supports the built-in Ethernet adapters of various Compaq Prosignia servers and
Compaq Deskpro desktop machines including:
Compaq Netelligent 10
Compaq Netelligent 10 T PCI UTP/Coax
Compaq Netelligent 10/100
Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Dual-Port
Compaq Netelligent 10/100 Proliant
Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX Embedded UTP
Compaq Netelligent 10/100 TX UTP
Compaq NetFlex 3P
Compaq NetFlex 3P Integrated
Compaq NetFlex 3P w/BNC
The dc driver provides support for the following chipsets: *
DEC/Intel 21143
ADMtek AL981 Comet, AN985 Centaur, ADM9511 Centaur II and ADM9513 Centaur II
ASIX Electronics AX88140A and AX88141
Conexant LANfinity RS7112 (miniPCI)
Davicom DM9009, DM9100, DM9102 and DM9102A
Lite-On 82c168 and 82c169 PNIC
Lite-On/Macronix 82c115 PNIC II
Macronix 98713, 98713A, 98715, 98715A, 98715AEC-C, 98725, 98727 and 98732
Xircom X3201 (cardbus only)
The following NICs are known to work with the dc driver at this time:
3Com OfficeConnect 10/100B (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)
Abocom FE2500
Accton EN1217 (98715A)
Accton EN2242 MiniPCI
Adico AE310TX (98715A)
Alfa Inc GFC2204 (ASIX AX88140A)
Built in 10Mbps only Ethernet on Compaq Presario 7900 series desktops (21143, non-MII)
Built in DE500-BA on DEC Alpha workstations (21143, non-MII)

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 121

Built in Sun DMFE 10/100 Mbps Ethernet on Sun Netra X1 and Sun Fire V100 (DM9102A, MII)
Built in Ethernet on LinkSys EtherFast 10/100 Instant GigaDrive (DM9102, MII)
CNet Pro110B (ASIX AX88140A)
CNet Pro120A (98715A or 98713A) and CNet Pro120B (98715)
Compex RL100-TX (98713 or 98713A)
D-Link DFE-570TX (21143, MII, quad port)
Digital DE500-BA 10/100 (21143, non-MII)
ELECOM Laneed LD-CBL/TXA (ADMtek AN985)
Hawking CB102 CardBus
IBM EtherJet Cardbus Adapter
Intel PRO/100 Mobile Cardbus (versions that use the X3201 chipset)
Jaton XpressNet (Davicom DM9102)
Kingston KNE100TX (21143, MII)
Kingston KNE110TX (PNIC 82c169)
LinkSys LNE100TX (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)
LinkSys LNE100TX v2.0 (PNIC II 82c115)
LinkSys LNE100TX v4.0/4.1 (ADMtek AN985 Centaur-P)
Matrox FastNIC 10/100 (PNIC 82c168, 82c169)
Melco LGY-PCI-TXL
Microsoft MN-120 10/100 CardBus (ADMTek Centaur-C)
Microsoft MN-130 10/100 PCI (ADMTek Centaur-P)
NDC SOHOware SFA110A (98713A)
NDC SOHOware SFA110A Rev B4 (98715AEC-C)
NetGear FA310-TX Rev. D1, D2 or D3 (PNIC 82c169)
Netgear FA511
PlaneX FNW-3602-T (ADMtek AN985)
SMC EZ Card 10/100 1233A-TX (ADMtek AN985)
SVEC PN102-TX (98713)
Xircom Cardbus Realport
Xircom Cardbus Ethernet 10/100
Xircom Cardbus Ethernet II 10/100
Adapters supported by the aue driver include:
Abocom UFE1000, DSB650TX_NA
Accton USB320-EC, SpeedStream
ADMtek AN986, AN8511
Billionton USB100, USB100LP, USB100EL, USBE100
Corega Ether FEther USB-T, FEther USB-TX, FEther USB-TXS
D-Link DSB-650, DSB-650TX, DSB-650TX-PNA
Elecom LD-USBL/TX
Elsa Microlink USB2Ethernet
HP hn210e
I-O Data USB ETTX
Kingston KNU101TX
LinkSys USB10T adapters that contain the AN986 Pegasus chipset, USB10TA, USB10TX,
USB100TX, USB100H1
MELCO LUA-TX, LUA2-TX

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 122 R-Studio Manual

Planex UE-200TX
Sandberg USB to Network Link (model number 133-06)
Siemens Speedstream
SmartBridges smartNIC
SMC 2202USB
SOHOware NUB100
The cue driver supports CATC USB-EL1210A based USB Ethernet adapters including:
Belkin F5U011/F5U111
CATC Netmate
CATC Netmate II
SmartBridges SmartLink
The kue driver supports Kawasaki LSI KL5KLUSB101B based USB Ethernet adapters including:
3Com 3c19250
3Com 3c460 HomeConnect Ethernet USB Adapter
ADS Technologies USB-10BT
AOX USB101
ATen UC10T
Abocom URE 450
Corega USB-T
D-Link DSB-650C
Entrega NET-USB-E45, NET-HUB-3U1E
I/O Data USB ETT
Kawasaki DU-H3E
LinkSys USB10T
Netgear EA101
Peracom USB Ethernet Adapter
SMC 2102USB, 2104USB
The axe driver supports ASIX Electronics AX88172 based USB Ethernet adapters including:
Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-U2-KTX
D-Link DUBE100
LinkSys USB200M
Netgear FA120
System TALKS Inc. SGC-X2UL
The rue driver supports RealTek RTL8150 based USB Ethernet adapters including:
Buffalo (Melco Inc.) LUA-KTX
Green House GH-USB100B
LinkSys USB100M
Billionton 10/100 FastEthernet USBKR2
The udav driver supports the following adapters:
Corega FEther USB-TXC
Adapters supported by the de driver include:
Adaptec ANA-6944/TX
Cogent EM100FX and EM440TX
Corega FastEther PCI-TX
D-Link DFE-500TX
DEC DE435, DE425, DEC DE450, and DEC DE500

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 123

ELECOM LD-PCI2T, LD-PCITS

I-O DATA LA2/T-PCI
SMC Etherpower 8432, 9332 and 9334
ZNYX ZX3xx
Controllers and cards supported by the fe driver include:
Allied Telesis RE1000, RE1000Plus, ME1500 (110-pin)
CONTEC C-NET(98)P2, C-NET (9N)E (110-pin), C-NET(9N)C (ExtCard)
CONTEC C-NET(PC)C PCMCIA Ethernet
Eiger Labs EPX-10BT
Fujitsu FMV-J182, FMV-J182A
Fujitsu MB86960A, MB86965A
Fujitsu MBH10303, MBH10302 Ethernet PCMCIA
Fujitsu Towa LA501 Ethernet
HITACHI HT-4840-11
NextCom J Link NC5310
RATOC REX-5588, REX-9822, REX-4886, and REX-R280
RATOC REX-9880/9881/9882/9883
TDK LAC-98012, LAC-98013, LAC-98025, LAC-9N011 (110-pin)
TDK LAK-CD021, LAK-CD021A, LAK-CD021BX
Ungermann-Bass Access/PC N98C+(PC85152, PC85142), Access/NOTE N98(PC86132) (110-pin)
Adapters supported by the fxp driver include:
Intel EtherExpress PRO/10
Intel InBusiness 10/100
Intel PRO/100B / EtherExpressPRO/100 B PCI Adapter *
Intel PRO/100+ Management Adapter
Intel PRO/100 VE Desktop Adapter
Intel PRO/100 M Desktop Adapter
Intel PRO/100 S Desktop, Server and Dual-Port Server Adapters
Contec C-NET(PI)-100TX (PC-98)
NEC PC-9821Ra20, Rv20, Xv13, Xv20 internal 100Base-TX (PC-98)
NEC PC-9821X-B06 (PC-98)
Many on-board network interfaces on Intel motherboards
The ex driver supports the following Ethernet adapters:
Intel EtherExpress Pro/10
Intel EtherExpress Pro/10+
The Olicom OC2220
The ie driver provides supports the following 8 and 16bit ISA Ethernet cards that are based on the Intel
i82586 chip:
3COM 3C507
AT&T EN100
AT&T Starlan 10
AT&T Starlan Fiber
Intel EtherExpress 16
RACAL Interlan NI5210

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 124 R-Studio Manual

The ep driver supports Ethernet adapters based on the 3Com 3C5x9 Etherlink III Parallel Tasking chipset,
including:
3Com 3C1 CF
3Com 3C509-TP, 3C509-BNC, 3C509-Combo, 3C509-TPO, 3C509-TPC ISA
3Com 3C509B-TP, 3C509B-BNC, 3C509B-Combo, 3C509B-TPO, 3C509B-TPC ISA
3Com 3C529, 3C529-TP MCA
3Com 3C562/3C563 PCMCIA
3Com 3C569B-J-TPO, 3C569B-J-COMBO CBUS
3Com 3C574-TX, 3CCFE574BT, 3CXFE574BT, 3C3FE574BT PCMCIA
3Com 3C579-TP, 3C579-BNC EISA
3Com 3C589, 3C589B, 3C589C, 3C589D, 3CXE589DT PCMCIA
3Com 3CCFEM556B, 3CCFEM556BI PCMCIA
3Com 3CXE589EC, 3CCE589EC, 3CXE589ET, 3CCE589ET PCMCIA
3Com Megahertz 3CCEM556, 3CXEM556, 3CCEM556B, 3CXEM556B PCMCIA
3Com OfficeConnect 3CXSH572BT, 3CCSH572BT PCMCIA
Farallon EtherMac PCMCIA
The el driver supports the 3Com 3c501 8bit ISA Ethernet card.
The xl driver supports the following hardware:
3Com 3c900-TPO *
3Com 3c900-COMBO *
3Com 3c905-TX *
3Com 3c905-T4 *
3Com 3c900B-TPO *
3Com 3c900B-TPC *
3Com 3c900B-FL *
3Com 3c900B-COMBO *
3Com 3c905B-T4 *
3Com 3c905B-TX *
3Com 3c905B-FX *
3Com 3c905B-COMBO *
3Com 3c905C-TX *
3Com 3c980, 3c980B, and 3c980C server adapters
3Com 3cSOHO100-TX OfficeConnect adapters
3Com 3c450 HomeConnect adapters
3Com 3c555, 3c556 and 3c556B mini-PCI adapters
3Com 3C3SH573BT, 3C575TX, 3CCFE575BT, 3CXFE575BT, 3CCFE575CT, 3CXFE575CT,
3CCFEM656, 3CCFEM656B, and 3CCFEM656C, 3CXFEM656, 3CXFEM656B, and 3CXFEM656C
CardBus adapters
3Com 3c905-TX, 3c905B-TX 3c905C-TX, and 3c920B-EMB embedded adapters
Both the 3C656 family of CardBus cards and the 3C556 family of MiniPCI cards have a built-in
proprietary modem. Neither the xl driver nor any other driver supports this modem.
The vx driver supports the following cards:
3Com 3c590 EtherLink III PCI *
3Com 3c592 EtherLink III EISA
3Com 3c595 Fast EtherLink III PCI in 10 Mbps mode *
3Com 3c597 Fast EtherLink III EISA in 10 Mbps mode

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 R-Studio Agent Emergency 125

Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0-based NICs (cs driver)

The sn driver supports SMC9xxx based ISA and PCMCIA cards including:
3Com Megahertz X-Jack Ethernet PC-Card CC-10BT
The xe driver supports the following cards:
Xircom CreditCard Ethernet (PS-CE2-10)
Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 28 (PS-CEM-28)
Xircom CreditCard Ethernet + Modem 33 (CEM33)
Xircom CreditCard 10/100 (CE3, CE3B)
Xircom CreditCard Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (CEM56)
Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10 (RE10)
Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 (RE100)
Xircom RealPort Ethernet 10/100 + Modem 56 (REM56, REM56G)
Accton Fast EtherCard-16 (EN2226)
Compaq Netelligent 10/100 PC Card (CPQ-10/100)
Intel EtherExpress Pro/100 PC Card Mobile Adapter 16 (Pro/100 M16A)
Other similar devices using the same hardware may also be supported.
Adapters supported by the lge driver include:
SMC TigerCard 1000 (SMC9462SX) *
D-Link DGE-500SX *
The txp driver supports the following cards:
3Com 3CR990-TX-95 *
3Com 3CR990-TX-97 *
3Com 3cR990B-TXM *
3Com 3CR990SVR95 *
3Com 3CR990SVR97 *
3Com 3cR990B-SRV *
The bge driver provides support for various NICs based on the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit
Ethernet controller chips, including the following:
3Com 3c996-T (10/100/1000baseTX) *
Dell PowerEdge 1750 integrated BCM5704C NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
Dell PowerEdge 2550 integrated BCM5700 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
Dell PowerEdge 2650 integrated BCM5703 NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
IBM x235 server integrated BCM5703x NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
HP ProLiant NC7760 embedded Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
HP ProLiant NC7770 PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
HP ProLiant NC7781 embedded PCI-X Gigabit NIC (10/100/1000baseTX) *
Netgear GA302T (10/100/1000baseTX) *
SysKonnect SK-9D21 (10/100/1000baseTX) *
SysKonnect SK-9D41 (1000baseSX) *
The em driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82540, 82541PI, 82542, 82543, 82544,
82546, 82546EB and 82547 controller chips:
Intel PRO/1000 CT Network Connection (82547)
Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)
Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)*
Intel PRO/1000 GT Desktop Adapter (82541PI)
Intel PRO/1000 MF Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 126 R-Studio Manual

Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (82545)

Intel PRO/1000 MF Server Adapter (LX) (82545)
Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82540)
Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter (82541)
Intel PRO/1000 MT Dual Port Server Adapter (82546)
Intel PRO/1000 MT Quad Port Server Adapter (82546EB)
Intel PRO/1000 MT Server Adapter (82545)
Intel PRO/1000 T Desktop Adapter (82544)
Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)
Intel PRO/1000 XF Server Adapter (82544)
Intel PRO/1000 XT Server Adapter (82544)
The gx driver supports Gigabit Ethernet adapters based on the Intel 82542 and 82543 controller chips:
Intel PRO/1000 Gigabit Server Adapter (82542)
Intel PRO/1000 F Server Adapter (82543)
Intel PRO/1000 T Server Adapter (82543)
The hme driver supports the on-board Ethernet interfaces of many Sun UltraSPARC workstation and
server models. Cards supported by the hme driver include:
Sun PCI SunSwift Adapter
Sun SBus SunSwift Adapter ``( hme'' and ``SUNW,hme'')
Sun PCI Sun100BaseT Adapter 2.0
Sun SBus Sun100BaseT 2.0
Sun PCI Quad FastEthernet Controller
Sun SBus Quad FastEthernet Controller
The my driver provides support for various NICs based on the Myson chipset. Supported models include:
Myson MTD800 PCI Fast Ethernet chip
Myson MTD803 PCI Fast Ethernet chip
Myson MTD89X PCI Gigabit Ethernet chip
Broadcom BCM4401 based Fast Ethernet adapters (bfe driver) *
The re driver supports RealTek RTL8139C+, RTL8169, RTL8169S and RTL8110S based Fast Ethernet and
Gigabit Ethernet adapters including:
Alloy Computer Products EtherGOLD 1439E 10/100 (8139C+) *
Compaq Evo N1015v Integrated Ethernet (8139C+) *
Corega CG-LAPCIGT Gigabit Ethernet (8169S) *
Gigabyte 7N400 Pro2 Integrated Gigabit Ethernet (8110S) *
PLANEX COMMUNICATIONS Inc. GN-1200TC (8169S) *
Xterasys XN-152 10/100/1000 NIC (8169) *
The ixgb driver supports the following cards:
Intel PRO/10GbE LR Server Adapter *
Intel PRO/10GbE SR Server Adapter *

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Index 127

Next Pattern 55

Index Open Drive Files 3, 12

Open Image 3, 38
Open in Hex Editor 25
Open Local Drives 3, 50
-A- Preview 20
Previous Pattern 55
Advanced Data Recovery 25
Recover 12
Apply changes immediately 43
Recover Marked 12
Refresh 3
-B- Rename 12
Rename All 12
Bad Sectors 75 Reset 25
Bad Sectors settings Save Changes 55
Default read attempts 6 Scan 3, 25
Pattern to fill bad blocks 6 Skip 12
Set for all drives 6 Skip All 12
Basic File Recovery 12 Stop 3
Blocks order 43
Broken File Name
Prompt: 42 -C-
Rename and change all invalid symbols to: 42
Contact information and technical support 3
Broken File Name options
Create menu
Change all invalid symbols to 12
Add Empty Space 43
Edit broken symbols only 12
Add Missing Disk 43
File name 12
Create Region 37
New name 12
Create Virtual Mirror 43
Button
Create Virtual RAID5 43
Clear All 75
Create Virtual Stripe Set 43
Mark 75
Create Virtual Volume Set 43
Recover 75
Creating and saving your own RAID configuration
Save to File 75 43
Select All 75 Creating Custom Patterns 61
Buttons Cross-linked folders 73
Add 25 Customizing File Types 35
Advanced 25
Apply 43
Code pages 55
Connect to Remote 3, 50
-D-
Create Image 3, 38 Data Formats 74
Create Region 3, 37 Data Recovery Issues 73
Create virtual volume sets or RAIDs 3, 43 Data Recovery on HFS/HFS+ File System 75
Delete 3 Data recovery over network 50
File Mask 23 Connect to Remote Computer 50
Find Next 18 Data Recovery Using R-Studio 11
Find Previous 18 Description File for RAID Configurations 49
Find/Mark 18 Dialog boxes
Known File Types 25 Add Empty Space 43

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 128 R-Studio Manual

Dialog boxes
Broken File Name 12
Create Image 38 -F-
Create Region 37
File Already Exists
Edit RAID Order 43
Add a File ID to filename 42
File mask 23
Overwrite 42
File Types 25
Prompt 42
Files with bad sectors 75
File mask options
Fill 55
Date 23
Find/Mark 18
Deleted files 23
Go to 55
Existing files 23
New RAID Order 43
Match case 23
Please configure R-Studio Agent 52
Show empty folders 23
Recover 12, 40, 42
Size from/up to 23
Scan 25
File masks 23
Scan Information 25
File menu
Search 55
Close All Previews 20
Settings 6
Goto Target 73
Disk scan 3, 25 Preview 20
Drive menu Recover 12
Connect To Remote 50
Recover Marked 12
Create Image 38
Rescan 73
Delete Scan Informaiton 25
Set As Default Target 73
Open Drive Files 12
View/Edit 55
Open Drive Files Sorted By 41
File search 3
Open Image File 38
File Type Signature Specification 35
Open Local Drives 50
FileTypes.xml 35
Open Scan Informaiton 25
Find and Mark Multiple Files 41
Real File System Structure 41
Find options
Recover All Files 40
Date 18
Save Scan Informaiton 25
Deleted files 18
Scan 25
Direction 18
Existing files 18
-E- File Id 18
Files 18
Edit menu Find/Mark mode 18
Bookmarks 55 Folders 18
Fill 55 Look in 18
Find 55 Match case 18
Find Next 55 Regular expression 18
Find Previous 55 Size from/up to 18
Find Template Signature Next 55
Find Template Signature Previous 55
Save Changes 55 -I-
Event log 25
Image 38
Image options

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Index 129

Image options
Compressed image (R-Drive Image compatible)
38 -O-
Estimated size 38
Offset 43
Image name 38
Image split size 38
Password 38
Plain image 38
-P-
IntelligentScan Technology 72 Panels
Introduction to R-Studio 1 Files 12
Folders 12
Log 12, 25
-L- Main 3
Panes
Log settings
Bookmarks 55
Disk 6
Data Interpreter 55
Error 6
Find Results 55
File location 6
Template 55
File System 6
Pattern Example I 64
Files 6
Pattern Example II 68
Information 6
Previewing files 20
Network 6
Properties tab
Partition 6
Active FAT copy 77
Recover 6
Block Size 77
Rewrite/Append 6
Blocks Per Volume 77
Save as 6
Boot Directory Cluster 77
Save log to file 6
Buffer Alignment 77
Success 6
Bus Type 77
Warning 6
Cluster size 77
Creator OS 77
-M- Device Identification 77
Drive Control 77
Main Panel settings Drive Type 77
Debug Mode 6 Estimated Size 77
Default HFS Code Page 6 Ext2FS Information 77
Disable All Warnings and Confirmations 6 Fat Bits (12,16,32) 77
Enable Write 6 FAT Information 77
Hints 6 First Cluster Offset 77
Show All Warnings and Confirmations 6 First FAT Offset 77
Mass file recovery 40 First SuperBlock Offset 77
Mass File Recovery Options 42 I/O Tries 77
Messages I/O Unit 77
Cannot connect 52 Index Block Size 77
Double-click a logical disk... 12 INodes Per Volume 77
Too many files... 12, 40, 76 Int13 Drive Number 77
Missing Disk 43 Int13 Extension Version 77
Last Check Time 77
Last Mount Time 77

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 130 R-Studio Manual

Properties tab
Last Write Time 77
LDM Component ID 77 -R-
LDM Disk AltName 77
RAID block size 43
LDM Disk DriveHint 77
raidlayout.xml 49
LDM Disk GUID 77
Recover options
LDM Disk ID 77
Condense successful restoration events: 12
LDM DiskGroup GUID 77
Ignore file mask: 12
LDM Host GUID 77
Recover alternative data streams: 12
LDM Partition ID 77
Recover extended attributes: 12
LDM Volume GUID 77
Recover metafiles 12
LDM Volume ID 77
Recover real folders structure 12
Major version 77
Recover security: 12
Maximum transfer 77
Remove hidden attributes 12
MFT Mirror Position 77
Restore folder structure: 12
MFT position 77
Restore from root 12
MFT record size 77
Region 37
Minor version 77
Region options
Name 77
Disk size 37
NTFS Information 77
Size 37
Number of FAT Copies 77
Start 37
Offset of Logical Disk 77
Regular expressions 24
OS object 77
Remote install 52
Parsed Boot Records 77
Rows count 43
Parsed File Entries 77
R-Studio Agent 52
Partition number 77
R-Studio Agent Emergency 50, 101
Partition Offset 77
Contact information and technical support 101
Partition Size 77
Creating Startup Disks 102
Partition Type 77
Disk Controllers 106
Physical Drive Geometry 77
Hardware Compatibility List 106
Raid Block Size 77
Installing R-Studio Agent Emergency Startup
Recognized Ext2FS 77 Media Creator 101
Recognized FAT 77 Network Cards 115
Recognized NTFS 77 Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Agent
Root Directory Length 77 Emergency Startup Disk 105
Root Directory Offset 77 R-Studio Agent main panel 52
R-Studio driver 77 R-Studio Emergency 83
SCSI Address 77 Contact Informaiton and Technical Support 83
Sector Size 77 Creating Startup Disks 84
Size 77 Disk Images 94
Size of One FAT Table 77 Disk Scan 93
Supposed Parents Count 77 File Recovery 93
Volume size 77 Hardware Compatibility List 96
Installing R-Studio Emergency Startup Media
Creator 83
-Q- Log 96
Network Drives 95
Questionable folders 73
Operation 92

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 Index 131

R-Studio Emergency 83 Create Virtual Volume Set 43

Properties and Text/Hexadecimal Viewer 95 Cross Linked Folders 73
Searching for a File 93 Delete All Scanned Information 25
Starting a Computer with the R-Studio Delete Region 37
Emergency Startup Disks 92 File mask 23
Technical Information 95 Find Next 18
R-Studio Emergency Startup Media Creator 84, Find Previous 18
102 Find Template Signature Next 55
R-Studio features 1 Find Template Signature Previous 55
R-Studio switches 76 Find/Mark 18
Go Target 73
-S- Log Filter... 25
Mark 12
Scan options Mark All 12
Disk size 25 Merge Down 25
File Systems 25 Merge Down All 25
Offset 25 Merge Selected 25
Save to File 25 Open Drive Files 12
Scan Areas 25 Open Drive Files Sorted By 41
Size 25 Open Scan Information 25
Start 25 Preview 20
Search options Real File System Structure 41
ANSI 55 Recover 12
Exhaustive search 55 Recover All Files 40
From Address 55 Recover Marked 12
From current position 55 Save Log to File... 25
HEX 55 Save Scan Information 25
Match case 55 Scan 25
OEM 55 Set As Default Target 73
Reverse 55 Toggle Bookmark 55
Search at offset 55 Unmark 12
UNICODE 55 Unmark All 12
Searching for a File 18 View/Edit 55
Settings
Bad Sectors 6
Known File Types 6 -T-
Log 6
Tabs
Main 6 Parents 43
Shortcut menu Properties 77
Add Empty Space 43
Technical Information and Troubleshooting 72
Add Missing Disk 43
Text/hexadecimal editor 55
Clear Log... 25 Allocation 55
Copy to Clipboard 25 ANSI/OEM/UNICODE/UNICODE+ 55
Create Image File 38 Direct 55
Create Region 37 Save to Hexadecimal File 55
Create Virtual Mirror 43 Std 55
Create Virtual RAID5 43 Unlimited 55
Create Virtual Stripe Set 43
Tools menu

R-Tools Technology Inc.

 132 R-Studio Manual

Tools menu Volume sets and RAIDs 43

Clear Log... 25
Copy to Clipboard 25
Debug Mode 76 -W-
File mask 23
Working with Advanced RAID Layouts 46
Find 18
Find All 18
Find Next 18
Find Previous 18
Goto 55
Mark All 12
Save Log to File... 25
Save to Binary File... 55
Save to Hexadecimal File 55
Select All 55
Settings 6
Unmark All 12

-V-
View menu
ANSI 55
Arrange 12
Bookmarks View 55
Contents Columns 12
Data Interpreter View 55
Details 12
Device View 3
Event Log 3, 12
Files panel 12
Folders panel 12
Large Icons 12
List 12
Log panel 12
OEM 55
Parents Tab 3
Properties 3, 77
Properties Tab 3
Properties View 3, 55
Scan Information Tab 3
Sectors View 55
Small Icons 12
Status bar 3, 12
Template View 55
Toolbar 3, 12, 55
UNICODE 55
UNICODE+ 55
Virtual volume sets and RAIDs 43

R-Tools Technology Inc.