E-Key Prototype Implementation Based on Short

Message Service (SMS) Technology

Lia Kamelia Eki Ahmad Zaki Hamidi Akhmad Jazuli Baskara
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
UIN Sunan Gunung Djati UIN Sunan Gunung Djati UIN Sunan Gunung Djati
Bandung, Indonesia Bandung, Indonesia Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Smart home technology covers many systems in a mobile phones are now transformed like a mini computer.
house, such as lighting systems, electronic appliance control, Today, only a few people still call this technology as a cell
garden maintenance systems, security systems and so on. The use phone / mobile phone. This is because mobile phones have
of SMS (Short Message Service) technology on cellular phones transformed into smartphones which have the complexity that
has been widely applied in various researches in the fields of can do a lot of work using applications on a single device.
smart homes, smart agriculture and industry. The research Although currently mobile phones are equipped with various
aimed to implement the electronic key using a keypad, GSM applications, SMS technology which is a basic technology for
module, limit switch and the Arduino Nano. Arduino Nano serves mobile phones is still used. The research used SMS technology
as a processor for the control of the door lock that will be
because text messaging has become a common method of
ordered through the keypad and SMS gateway, the keypad used
as a close command and the SMS gateway used as a remote
communication that has stimulated a variety of innovative uses.
command for the owner of the house or building to open or lock The recent trajectory of text messaging seems to specify that
the door. There are several components as the actuator, i.e. this communication medium will continue to grow as text
solenoid, buzzer and SMS gateway. The solenoid has the function messaging habits transfer from teenagers, students, and into the
to lock or open the door automatically, the buzzer functions as an office [2]. SMS is cheap, affordable, and quick in
alarm, and the SMS gateway has a function to send the communicating information.
activity/status of the door. The warning system uses a buzzer that The use of mobile phones for control systems has been
will light up for 30 seconds if the door is open (according to the
done a lot, but usually, the system is only used for a single
limit switch detection) whereas there is no input from the SMS or
keypad.
user. This paper will discuss the implementation of electronic
keys using SMS technology which send a text message to open
Keywords— Arduino Nano; E-key; keypad; limit switch; SMS. the door, or using a 3x4 keypad for inputting the password. The
system can also detect intruders who open the door without any
input to the system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Key systems automation is important to be applied to the II. RELATED WORK
security systems of house/office buildings. The application of
electronic keys implemented to improve the security of doors Security control system at home is a small part of the smart
in homes, offices, or safes, it is more effective than the use of home technology. Smart homes reflect future technology-based
conventional door locks. Office buildings generally have a homes. The appearance in smart home is very different from
large number of employees, so if they use conventional door conventional homes. Smart home greatly highlights
locks, office building owners must duplicate the key as many technological sophistication. Embedded features are already
as the number of employees who are entitled to access the sophisticated and modern, even residents can control indoor
door. An integrated control system will help minimize the activities by only activating one remote [3]. Smart Home is not
problem of a security system in a building or room from an only applied to homes but has targeted at residential levels such
intruder who entering the house/office without owner's as apartments and office buildings. The concept of smart homes
permission. A control system will be very efficient if they used is dominated by technology applications. This application
technology that can be controlled anywhere and anytime makes it easy for residents of homes and apartments to turn on
quickly. One of these technologies is a mobile phone. and turn off lights, activate air conditioners, televisions,
electronic devices to automation systems for door and window
The mobile phone is one of the most widely used operations, only through a remote or smartphone [4]. Smart
technologies worldwide by everyone. The number of mobile home technology covers many systems in a home, such as
subscribers will reach 5.9 billion by 2025, equivalent to 71% of lighting systems [5], electronic appliance control [6][7], garden
the world's population. Growth will be determined by maintenance systems [8], security systems [9]–[11] and so on.
developing countries, mostly India, China, Pakistan, Indonesia,
and Bangladesh, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin In a smart home, control is done by using a device centrally
America [1]. Mobile phones have experienced a lot of from a distance. the controller can use a smartphone[3], [7] or
development now. Starting as a technology to communicate, use a computer using the internet of things (IoT) [12]. Smart

978-1-5386-6940-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

home key control implementation uses several technologies without any input from the SMS gateway or keypad, the sensor
such as using Bluetooth to open doors [13], RFID and keypad will activate the buzzer as an alarm for 60 seconds.
for door lock systems [14]–[16], motion sensors [17]–[19][20] ,
Passive Infrared sensor [21], [22] , and Light Dependent On the output side, there are several components, namely
Resistor (LDR) [23], as well as through applications on the solenoid, buzzer and SMS gateway. The solenoid has the
Android-based smartphones [24]. function to lock or open the door automatically, the buzzer
functions as an alarm, and the SMS Gateway has a function to
The use of SMS technology on cellular phones has been send the activity/status of the door. Arduino Nano is a
widely applied in various researches in the fields of smart microcontroller development board based on the ATmega328P
homes, smart agriculture and industry. In research [25], SMS chip with a very small shape. The Arduino Nano module
was used to detect employee/student attendance at school using functions as a data processor and system control.
GPS on the user's smartphone.
SMS Gateway functions as door access by reading SMS
The research has novelty in the tools used compared to commands that have been sent to the number already registered
previous studies. The control system in this research develops in the system. The keypad functions as the door opening access
the limit switch to provide information about the state of the by entering a password that has been determined in the initial
door (open or closed). If the status of the door according to the design of the system. When one of the inputs is accessed
solenoid is locked, but the door is open according to the limit correctly, Arduino will open the solenoid so that the door
switch, there is a possibility that the door is opened by force, opens.
thus the user will know the status of the danger, from the
information sent by the microcontroller via the SMS gateway IV. IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
and the buzzer.
A. Implementation
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Fig.2 shows the implementation of hardware for the
The research aimed to design a key control system that can prototype of key lock controlling. The keypad put in front of
be controlled closely and remotely using an Arduino Nano. the door for the access of the user to open the door.
Arduino Nano serves as a processor from the control of the
door lock that will be ordered through the keypad and SMS
gateway, the keypad is used as a close command and the SMS
gateway is used as a remote command for the owner of the
house or building to open or lock the door. The users can lock
the door remotely and monitoring information about the status
of the door by sending a message to the cell phone number
used in the SMS gateway. The system can be implemented at
the door of a house, office, garage, gate or factory building.

Fig. 2. Door and keypad implementation

Fig. 1. System block diagram

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the key control system

proposed. The input from the security system consists of a limit
switch which serves as a marker of door activity, this sensor is Fig. 3. Pin Connection Arduino and GSM Module
installed above the entrance. So that when the door opens
 The keypad is connected to the input pins A5, A4, A3, A2 microcontroller (Password: 478569) will be received and give a
for the row and A1, A0, D12 for the column. the limit switch response to open the door, while the unregistered password will
sensor (Normally close) is connected to pin A7 on Arduino and be rejected and not respond to the door.
the common foot is connected to the negative input from
Arduino. The input pin (IN) on the relay is connected to the Testing the GSM module circuit is done by sending an
D13 pin on the Arduino, the positive foot on the solenoid is SMS to open the door. SMS messages that can be registered to
connected in parallel with the normally closed output on the access the door are "open the door" and the registered
relay. The 12V voltage source and negative foot are connected telephone number is "08561234533". Testing is done by
to the output pin common on the relay. Step down power sending SMS with different numbers and different messages.
supply gets 5V input voltage from 5V output voltage and In Table 1, the message sent by mobile phone number
Arduino negative output. The positive root of the LED is 081221169803, implied no response to the system, even the
connected with pin D5 on Arduino and the negative foot message content is true.
receives the negative input, Arduino. The positive foot on the
red LED is connected to pin D6 on Arduino and the negative TABLE I. GSM TESTING
foot receives the negative input, Arduino. Finally, the positive No Mobile phone No. Message content Response
root of the buzzer is connected to pin D7 on Arduino and the
negative input from Arduino. 1 08561234533 Open the door The door open
2 08561234533 Open No response
3 08561234533 The door No response
4 08561234533 Open the door The door open
5 08561234533 Open No response
6 081221169803 Open the door No response
7 081221169803 Open No response
8 081221169803 The door No response
9 081221169803 Open the door No response
10 081221169803 Open No response

From the results of testing the GSM module on the system,

it is found that the telephone number of the sender of the SMS
that has been registered is "08561234533" and the contents of
the correct SMS "open the door" according to the data set on
the microcontroller will respond by opening the door. While
when the sender number of the SMS and the contents of the
SMS are not registered on the microcontroller, it will be
rejected and not respond to the door.
System testing is done by making several possible
scenarios, as shown in Table II.

TABLE II. SYSTEM TESTING

No GSM Module Keypad Limit Door Buzzer

Fig. 4. The door implementation Switch
1 Open the door Ready off Open Beep
The system device in this research used a 12Volt adapter
voltage source with 1 Ampere current. A 12volt adapter is used 2 Open Ready off Close Beep
to meet the voltage required by the solenoid. Power Supply 3 Ready 478569 off Open Beep
Step Down 5 volts are used to supply voltage to the Arduino 4 Ready 123456 off Close Beep
Nano. The device uses a power reserve using GTZ5S type
batteries with the voltage of 12 V voltage and 3.5Ah current. 5 Ready Ready on Open Beep 60
seconds

B. Testing Results
Testing the keypad circuit is done by entering a password to In the first test, the cell phone sent the correct SMS, which
open the door. Passwords listed on the microcontroller is "open the door", even though there is no input from the
amounted to 6 digits is "478569". From the test results, it was keypad, the system will open the door automatically. In the
found that the password that has been registered on the second test, the system receives an SMS with the wrong
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