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    Exercises On Relay Settings - Memo

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    moses kakwena
    This document contains a tutorial assignment question from an Electrical Engineering course at the Polytechnic of Namibia. The question involves determining settings for overcurrent protection relays R1 and R2 on a 13.8kV distribution system shown in a diagram. These include choosing current transformer (CT) ratios, relay tap settings, and time-dial settings. The time coordination between the relays and fault current calculations are considered. A safety factor of 3 is applied. The solution involves calculating fault currents, selecting CT ratios and tap settings based on minimum faults, and choosing time-dial settings to achieve coordination between the relays. A table summarizes the proposed settings for each relay. A second question involves drawing current flows on additional

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    Exercises On Relay Settings - Memo

    Uploaded by

    moses kakwena
    106 views7 pages
    This document contains a tutorial assignment question from an Electrical Engineering course at the Polytechnic of Namibia. The question involves determining settings for overcurrent protection relays R1 and R2 on a 13.8kV distribution system shown in a diagram. These include choosing current transformer (CT) ratios, relay tap settings, and time-dial settings. The time coordination between the relays and fault current calculations are considered. A safety factor of 3 is applied. The solution involves calculating fault currents, selecting CT ratios and tap settings based on minimum faults, and choosing time-dial settings to achieve coordination between the relays. A table summarizes the proposed settings for each relay. A second question involves drawing current flows on additional

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    Exercises on Relay Settings_Memo

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    This document contains a tutorial assignment question from an Electrical Engineering course at the Polytechnic of Namibia. The question involves determining settings for overcurrent protection relays R1 and R2 on a 13.8kV distribution system shown in a diagram. These include choosing current transformer (CT) ratios, relay tap settings, and time-dial settings. The time coordination between the relays and fault current calculations are considered. A safety factor of 3 is applied. The solution involves calculating fault currents, selecting CT ratios and tap settings based on minimum faults, and choosing time-dial settings to achieve coordination between the relays. A table summarizes the proposed settings for each relay. A second question involves drawing current flows on additional

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    106 views7 pages

    Exercises On Relay Settings - Memo

    Uploaded by

    moses kakwena
    This document contains a tutorial assignment question from an Electrical Engineering course at the Polytechnic of Namibia. The question involves determining settings for overcurrent protection relays R1 and R2 on a 13.8kV distribution system shown in a diagram. These include choosing current transformer (CT) ratios, relay tap settings, and time-dial settings. The time coordination between the relays and fault current calculations are considered. A safety factor of 3 is applied. The solution involves calculating fault currents, selecting CT ratios and tap settings based on minimum faults, and choosing time-dial settings to achieve coordination between the relays. A table summarizes the proposed settings for each relay. A second question involves drawing current flows on additional

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    POLYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA

    http://www.polytechnic.edu.na
    SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
    ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

    TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT 4 TOTAL MARKS: 57

    Question 2 (25)
    Consider the 13.8 kV system shown in Figure Q2.1. Assume all sequence reactances are the same for each
    component. Determine CT ratios, tap settings and time-dial settings (TDS) for the relays R1 and R2 operating
    circuit-breakers B1 and B2.

    Possible CT ratios are: 50:5, 100:5, 150:5, 200:5, 250:5, 300:5, 400:5, 450:5, 500:5, 600:5, 800:5, 900:5,
    1000:5, 1200:5.

    Possible Tap settings are: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

    Use the characteristic curves of the IFC-53 electromechanical relay shown in Figure Q2.2. The line reactances
    are in ohms. The co-ordination time is specified to be equal to 0.3 s. Apply a safety factor of 3 for reliability of
    operation. Indicate the actual pick-up currents in the lines. Summarise your settings in tabular form.

    NB:
    1. Use the principle that a back-up relay must operate for the smallest current in the zone of the relay it is
    backing-up.
    2. A breaker opens all three lines when tripped by its relay.

    Figure Q2.1.

    1
    Figure Q2.2. Characteristic curves of type IFC-53 time over-current relays.

    2
    Solution:

    1. Settings for R2:

    1.1. Generally a line-to-line fault gives the minimum fault current.

    1.2. For a line-to-line fault:

    The positive- and negative-phase sequence networks are:

    1.2.1. Positive-sequence network:

    (1.0)
    1.2.2. Negative-sequence network:

    (1.0)
    1.2.3. Sequence network connection for a line-to-line fault:

    13.8 7967 7967


    Phase voltage =  7.967 kV … (1.0) I a1   I a 2     j154.399 A … (2.0)
    3 j 2(5  8  12.8) j 51.6

    I a  a 2 I a1  aI a 2  1240( j154.399)  1120( j154.399)  267.4180 … (2.0)

    This is the minimum fault current. Call it I fmin. Applying the reliability (safety) factor of 3,
    I f min 267.4
    I p , desired    89.1 A … (1.0)
    3 3
    3
    [Alternative approach:

    It is generally the case that the maximum fault current is for a three-phase or a SLG fault. Assume that it is a
    three-phase fault and to get maximum fault current for a fault at Bus 3.
    VL  L / 3 13.8 103 / 3
    I 3  fault     j 308.815 A … (4.0)
    j ( X G 1  X 12  X 23 ) j (5.0  8.0  12.8)
    3 3
    I fault  min  I 3  fault    j 308.815    j 267.442 A … (2.0)]
    2 2

    1.3. Relay Tap Setting:


    5
    Selecting a CT ratio of 100/5: … (1.0) I p  89.1  4.455 A … (1.0)
    100
    Choose a Relay Tap Setting of 5.0 A … (1.0)
    100
    The actual pick-up current (in the line) with this tap setting is 5   100 A … (1.0)
    5
    1.4. Time-dial Setting:
    Since this relay is at the end of the radial feeder, no co-ordination with any other relay is necessary.
    Consequently the fastest possible operation is desirable.
    The Time-dial Setting is therefore chosen to be ½ (the curve at the bottom of the characteristics) … (1.0)

    2. Settings for R1:

    2.1. R1 must serve as the back-up for R2. It must operate for the smallest current in R2’s zone (267.4 A),
    therefore the selection of CT ratio and Tap must be based on the line-line fault at the far end of line 2 – 3
    (the R2 zone).
    2.2. The selection of CT ratio and Tap will therefore be the same as for R2, i.e. a CT ratio of 100/5 and a Relay
    Tap Setting of 5.0 A … (1.0)

    2.3. Time-dial Setting:


    2.3.1. The back-up relay, R1, must operate 0.3 s after the time R2 should have operated.
    2.3.2. R1 must be provided a delay of 0.3 s for the highest fault current seen by R2. Therefore, R1 will
    operate in no less than 0.3 s after R2 should have operated for every possible fault seen by R2.
    2.3.3. It is generally the case that the maximum fault current is for a three-phase or a SLG fault.
    Assume that it is a three-phase fault and to get maximum fault current, choose the ‘closest in’
    location in the secondary zone of R1, which would be just to the right of R2. See the Figure below
    … (1.0)

    7967
    I f ,max  I a1    j 613.1 A … (2.0)
    j13.0
    5
    2.3.4. The relay current of both R1 and R2 is then 613.1  30.655 A … (1.0)
    100

    4
    2.3.5. For a Relay tap Setting of 5, the Ratio-of-Relay-Current-to-Tap-Setting for both relays is
    30.665
     6.131 … (1.0)
    5
    2.3.6. From Figure Q2.2 the operating time for R2 is 0.135 s since the Time-dial Setting for R2 is ½ (this is
    given by the intersection point where the ½ TDS meets a vertical line drawn at 6.131) … (2.0)
    2.3.7. So in the event of failure of R2, relay R1 must operate in 0.135 + 0.3 = 0.435 s … (1.0).
    2.3.8. From Figure Q2.2, the required Time-dial Setting for R1 is 2.0 (this TDS is determined by the
    intersection point of the vertical line from 6.131 and the horizontal line from 0.435 s) … (2.0)

    3. Setting design summary:

    Relay CT Ratio Relay Tap Setting (TS) Time-dial Setting (TDS)


    R1 100:5 5 ½
    R2 100:5 5 2
    (1.0)

    Question 3 (14)
    For the diagrams shown in Table Q3.1 draw the current flows, in both the power and relay circuits, for both
    healthy and faulty conditions for an earth-fault anywhere within the system. Write the resultant equations at
    the relaying points.

    5
    Table Q3.1.
    Current flows without fault Current flows with earth-fault
    1.

    IR = ICT-a + ICT-b + ICT-c = 0 IR = ICT-a + ICT-b + ICT-c = ICT-F


    (2.0) (2.0)
    2.

    In = 0 (2.5) IR = nIN ; IN = IF =IC ; n = 1/CT ratio (2.5)


    3.

    IB = IC = 0; ICT-B = ICT-C = 0; ITC ≠ 0, therefore, trip cct operates


    ICT-A + ICT-B + ICT-C = IEF = 0 (2.5) (2.5)
    6
    7

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