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Elements of Transport Protocols

The transport layer provides reliable data transfer between hosts. It deals with end-to-end delivery of data and communication between transport entities on different hosts. Key functions of the transport layer include addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control and buffering, multiplexing, and crash recovery.

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Sasi Kumar
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5K views19 pages

Elements of Transport Protocols

The transport layer provides reliable data transfer between hosts. It deals with end-to-end delivery of data and communication between transport entities on different hosts. Key functions of the transport layer include addressing, connection establishment and release, flow control and buffering, multiplexing, and crash recovery.

Uploaded by

Sasi Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
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TRANSPORT LAYER

• To provide reliable, cost effective data transfer from


source to destination

• This layer deals with end to end transfer of data

• Here transport entity deals with other host’s transport


entity.

• Transport layers deals with processes running on the host.


Elements of Transport
Protocol
• Addressing

• Connection Establishment

• Connection Release

• Flow Control and Buffering

• Multiplexing

• Crash Recovery
Process Process
Subnet

HOST1 HOST2

Router

END TO END TRANSMISSION OF PACKET FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION


Addressing
• Application Process is connected to the TSAP

• Entity connects to the NSAP.

• There are multiple processes running within the host.


HOST 1 HOST 2
APPLICATION PROCESS Application Layer
TSAP 1208 TSAP 1582
Transport Layer TSAP 1969
NSAP NSAP
Network Layer

Data Link Layer

Physical Layer

To access a specific service , we have to mention a specific Port Address.


SAP - Service Access Point
TSAP- Transport SAP
NSAP - Network SAP
Connection Establishment
HOST 1 HOST 2

USER
TSAP S1 S2

TRANSPORT
LAYER
HOST 1 HOST 2

TIME-OF DAY
USER process server SERVER
TSAP

TRANSPORT
LAYER
HOST 1 HOST 2

TIME-OF DAY
USER name server SERVER
TSAP

TRANSPORT
LAYER
Connection is being established by 3 way handshake

Connection Request

Acknowledgment

Data

HOST 1 HOST 2
Connection Request

Acknowledgment

Data

HOST 1 HOST 2
CONNECTION
RELEASE

• Disconnection connection between two users.

• Asymmetric Release

• Symmetric Release
ASYMMETRIC RELEASE

Connection Request

Acknowledgment

Data

DROP

HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
RELEASE REQUEST

SEND RELEASE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
RELEASE REQUEST

SEND ACK TIMER


TIMOUT

RELEASE

HOST 1 HOST 2
SYMMETRIC RELEASE
SEND DATA REQ DROP REQUEST
+
START TIMER SEND DATA REQ
+
DROP START TIMER
REQUEST
TIMER
TIMOUT
DROP
TIMER
REQUEST
TIMOUT
RELEASE

RELEASE

HOST 1 HOST 2
FLOW CONTROL
• To control buffer, Transport Layer manages buffer.

FIXED
LENGTH
BUFFER

UNUSED SPACE
VARIABLE
IS WASTED
LENGTH
BUFFER
CIRCULAR
BUFFER
MULTIPLEXING

• UPWARD

• DOWNWARD
UPWARD MULTIPLEXING DOWNWARD MULTIPLEXING
APPLICATION
LAYER

TRANSPORT
LAYER

NETWORK
LAYER
CRASH RECOVERY
STRATEGY USED BY SENDING HOST

• Always Retransmit

• First Acknowledgment then write

• Retransmit in S0(Sent 2 messages, Ack of both received).


No outstanding Packet is present

• retransmit in S1(Sent 2 messages, Ack of only 1


received). Here Outstanding Packet is present

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