ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES (Grade 11)

Quarter 2- Module- 1: Analyzes the Arguments Used by the Writer/s in Manifestoes

Manifesto- a document publicly declaring the position or program of its issuer. It advances a
set of ideas, opinions, or views but it can also lay out a plan of action. While it can address any
topic, it most often concerns art, literature, or politics.
Arguments- reasons or the reasoning given for or against a matter under discussion —
compare evidence, proof
Manifesto or the writer of a manifesto, aims for a change in state or in other words, the author is
trying to convince the reader to believe the concept that he/she is trying to convey by giving
arguments or logical reasons that will catch the attention of the reader and eventually believing it.
How are these changes carried out with just the use of written words? - It is when the author
provides reasons accompanied with evidences to prove the belief, they wanted the reader to believe
in or the so- called arguments. As a reader, the challenge however lies on how will you understand
the meaning that the author or writer wanted you to know. How will you know the arguments
presented? Arguments is defined as a reason or the reasoning given for or against a matter under
discussion — compare evidence, proof. However, change can only be achieved if the reader fully
understands the argument that is accompanied with evidences(reasons) that the author is trying to
emphasize.
Steps in Analyzing an Argument:
1. Briefly note the main assertion (what does the writer want me to believe or do?)
2. Make a note of the first reason the author makes to support his/ her conclusion.
3. Write down every other reason.
4. Underline the most important reason.
Activity Task: Read one editorial news from a local/national newspaper and analyze the
arguments presented by the writer. (Limit your answer in 2 paragraphs and every paragraph
will consist of 3-5 sentences only.)

Quarter 2- Module- 2
DEFENDS A STAND ON AN ISSUE BY PRESENTING REASONABLE ARGUMENTS
SUPPORTED BY PROPERLY CITED FACTUAL EVIDENCES
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: defend a stand on an issue by presenting
reasonable arguments supported by properly cited factual evidences
● determine different kinds of logical fallacy
● identify factors on authenticity and validity of evidences/information
● present reasonable arguments and factual evidences to defend a stand
Vocabulary List
● Stand - viewpoint
● Claims - these are statements that support the author’s stand; ARGUMENT
● Evidences - these are proofs or evidences to strengthen the author’s claim
● Fallacy - an error in reasoning which weakens an argument
● Counterclaims – arguments opposing a stand
Note: You have to remember these three facts. These are important elements to accomplish tasks.
1. STAND 2. CLAIM ARGUMENT 3. CREDIBLE SOURCES
Logical Fallacies
What are these logical fallacies? Why is there a need for you to be familiar with it?
LOGICAL FALLACIES are ERRORS IN REASONING that INVALIDATE AN
ARGUMENT. As a critical thinker you have to identify and examine fallacies and manipulative
language. It is therefore important that you know some of the common fallacies.
Guidelines in presentation of reasonable arguments and factual evidences to defend a
stand:
● C - ontains a clear proposition or statement that must be defended
● A - ssesses conflicting opinions or opposing views on the issue
● T - akes a firm stand on the issue
● L - ists arguments in an organized manner to defend the stand
● C -onsider your audience/reader
Activity Task – Read an Article related to what interests you (wholesome topic only)
answer the following questions
1. What is the topic? 2.What is the stand of the writer? 3.Look at the explanation and
evidence are there any connections? 4. How did the writer show the conclusion?
Quarter 2- Module- 3
WRITES VARIOUS KINDS OF POSITION PAPERS
Vocabulary List
• Position Paper: A formal, usually detailed written statement,
especially regarding a single issue, that articulates a position, view point, or policy, as of
government, organization, or political candidate.
• Argument: A process of reasoning; series of reasons; a statement, reason, or facts for or
against a point.
• Opinion: A view or judgment formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or
knowledge.
• Logical Appeal: Refers to a reasonable approach in developing an argument.
• Ethical Appeal: Refers to your credibility or believability and competence as a writer.
• Emotional Appeal: Uses arguments in a way that evokes or uncovers feelings.
• Fallacies: Errors in reasoning; a false or mistaken idea.
Purpose of Position Paper
Presents an opinion and make a claim or stand about an issue a stand supported by arguments
and evidence. It expresses a position, conclusion, or recommendation concerning a contested
issue or undecided question. Its purpose is to generate and support on an issue.
Issue Criteria
To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the arguability of a topic that interests
you. Ask yourself the following questions to ensure that you will be able to present a strong
argument:
• Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty?
• Can you identify at least two distinctive positions?
• Are you personally interested in advocating one of these positions?
• Is the scope of the issue narrow enough to be manageable?
Parts of a Position Paper
Introduction -Start a topic sentence that attracts attention and summarizes the issue. Inform the
reader of your point of view.-1 paragraph
Body- Focus on three main points:1.General statement of the position2. Elaboration that references
documents and source data 3. Past experiences and authoritative testimony- 3 paragraphs
Conclusion- Summarize, then conclude your argument.
Activity Task: Directions. Think of 2 problems that surround the Philippines’ society today,
write the opinion about each of them in a separate sheet of paper or in your notebook.
Example: Issue/Problem: Passage of Anti-terror Law Your Opinion: __________.

Quarter 2- Module-4: DETERMINES THE OBJECTIVES OF AND STRUCTURES OF

VARIOUS KINDS OF REPORTS
Learning Concepts
In this section, you will be understanding the basic principles of writing report in
detail, including what information it contains, how that information is formatted and
organized. You may begin by understanding the meaning of the word, report.
Types of Report Writing
Technical and Business disciplines with an applied focus such as Engineering, Information
Technology, Commerce, Accounting and Finance, will set report writing assignments that
simulate the process of report writing in industry.
Field Reports are common in disciplines such as Law, Industrial Relations, Psychology,
Nursing, History and Education. These types of reports require the student to analyze his or her
observations of phenomena or events in the real world in light of theories studied in the course.
The purpose of a field report in the social sciences is to describe the observation.
Scientific Reports are another kind of report. They are common in all the Sciences and Social
Sciences. These reports use a standard scientific report format describing methods, results and
conclusions to report upon an empirical investigation.
The purpose of a science report is to clearly communicate your key message about why your
scientific findings are meaningful.
Activity Task: Compare and contrast the three (3) types of report using Venn

Quarter 2- Module 5
Designs, Tests and Revises Survey Questionnaires
One of the ways to gather data is through a questionnaire. However, as a
researcher, you must know the right questions that you will use to get the information
you need. Designing a questionnaire is quite challenging but fun. Do not give up if
your first attempt needs revision. Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep pushing!
Vocabulary List:
Before you begin, here are some words that you will encounter in the module:
⮚ Questionnaire – a written document containing questions and other types of items
designed to solicit information appropriate to analysis.
⮚ Survey Research - the collection of information from a sample of
individuals through their responses to questions or statements
⮚ Respondent – a person who provides data in a survey research.
Designing a Questionnaire Here are the suggested steps on how to develop a questionnaire:
Determine the research problem or the target information.
1. Choose the type of questions and method of administration. (written, email, phone or
personal)
2. Determine the general question content needed to obtain the desired information.
3. Determine the form of responses.
4. Choose the exact question wording.
5. Make sure that the sequence of the questions is effective.
6. Test the questionnaire and revise if needed.

Quarter 2- Module-6
Conducts Surveys, Experiments, or Observations
Vocabulary List:
Survey – measure characteristics of interest about a population using
selected sample without making connections between the data.
Observation – researchers determine whether an existing condition called a
factor is related to a characteristic of interest
Data – information gathered from the respondents/participants
Experiment – researchers create a condition by applying a treatment and
seeing if it has any effect on characteristics of interest.
Population – a group of individuals, institutions, objects and so forth with
common characteristics that are the interest of a researcher.
Biased Questions – the wording may lead the respondent to think a certain way.
Control Group – is the group that does not get the treatment or is not given
special instructions to follow.
Treatment Group – is the group that gets the treatment or is given special instructions
Skewed Data - it is when a curve appears distorted in a statistical distribution.

Quarter 2 – Module 7: Gathers Information from Surveys, Experiments or Observations

Data- Facts or information used usually to calculate, analyze or plan something
Survey It is a research method used for collecting data from a predefined group of
respondents to gain information and insights into various topics of interest.
They can have multiple purposes, and researchers can conduct it in many ways
depending on the methodology chosen and the study’s goal.
Coding Involves translating entries on questionnaires to letters or numbers.
Loopholes An error in the way a law, rule, or contract is written that it makes people to
legally avoid obeying it. Source: Merriam Dictionary
GATHERING INFORMATION FROM SURVEY/S AND INTERVIEWS
(QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA)
A data analysis also lends credibility to the researched data. It backs the data up with
trustworthy references and gives it a theoretical base to stand on. Data Analysis is also an easy
way to evaluate the students regarding their understanding of the research material in general.
Your data is the backbone of your research. It is the base on which the entire study will rely
upon. After months of grueling researches, scholars a mass large amount of data. Providing an
insight and interpretation in the form of analysis of the entire data also rules out any chance of
human bias. The reader would get a clear and straightforward picture. Similarly, the researcher
being devoid of loopholes and hanging ends would deliver the precise intended message across
without any incidence of the reader getting biased (Strauss, et al, 1990).
A. Process of Quantitative Data Analysis B. Process of Qualitative Data Analysis
Activity Task: What are the steps in Process of Quantitative and Qualitative data Analysis?

Quarter 2 – Module 8: Summarizes Findings and Executes the Report through Narrative
and Visual/Graphic Forms
Vocabulary List
Summary - Gives brief statement of the main points
Execute - Carry out in full
Graphical Presentation - is a visual display of data and statistical results
Narrative - is a report of related events presented to listeners or readers, in words,
arranged in a logical sequence.
Learning Concepts
What did you do with the information you have gathered from the survey?
Is the result too long and difficult to analyze?
Using Cautious Language
Discussing results and drawing conclusions involves making claims about
interpretation, significance and applicability. This is done within a research tradition where
existing knowledge is always being modified in the light of new results. As a researcher, you
are expected to distinguish carefully between. Knowledge you are sure because you have reliable
evidence for its other knowledge you are less sure of Other knowledge you think is only within
the realms of possibility. Therefore, very strong claims, is a big no.
Common Techniques Being Used to Display Results
1.Tables
2. Graphical: Pie, Bar,Line
Activity Task: Make an example of Tables and Graphical Presentation of data showing its
percentage.

Quarter 2 – Module 9: WRITES VARIOUS REPORTS

VOCABULARY LIST
● Survey report is a paper which presents the results of the author’s research.
● Field Report is usually used in the field of social sciences to link theory and application.
It contains the author’s observation when out on the field and analysis using theoretical
concepts from the discipline. Filed report can be personal and simple.
● Laboratory or Scientific Technical Report is written by those in the sciences mainly to
persuade others to accept or reject hypothesis, record the details for future researchers,
and document a current phenomenon for the future references
People have always been narrating what they did for the day. Children for example
tell their parents about their experiences in school. Students tell their teachers why
they were absent or late in the class, and we all want to know the why's and the how's
of celebrity successes, failures, break-ups, reconciliations and so on. In short, every human
being has done some informal reporting. Once this verbal ability is used to tell about surveys
conducted; work done out there in the field; experiments performed inside the laboratory;
observations noted systematically; and inventions, inquiries, and others resulting from
technological advances and research – a structured presentation is in order.
General Guidelines for Writing the Survey/ Field/ Laboratory/ Scientific/ Technical
Report
1. Value Communicated
Objective, accurate, and honest presentation of facts and results
2. Basic Content
a. May consist of eyewitness accounts or first- hand information
b. May contain facts, data, figures, or statistics on or from people, events,
phenomena, structure, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, and library
research
c. May include materials and procedures or methods
3. Modes of Ordering
a. Chronological or time order
b. Geographical or space/spatial
c. Logical – inductive and deductive
d. Problem – Solution
e. Cause and Effect
f. Formal
4. Basic Qualities of a Good Report
a. Objective not subjective point of view
b. Accurate, not sloppy presentation of facts, numbers, statistics, and data.
c. Honest, not false or incomplete details and results
d. Brief and direct sentences According to; Laurel, Lucero, and Cruz (2016)

Thank you!!