Report Nr.

Group Nr.1

Plant Design 2
Report Title; Equipment Design (Design of Stripper Column)
Plant name; glycerin Plant
Date of Submission; 18 March 2019
Time of Submission: 5.00 pm.

Submitted to Dr Ayham Al Rahawi

Student name ID

Said Humaid AL-Rawahi 13-0506

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Table of Content
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3

Objective ………………………………………………………………………………….3

Stripper Design……………………………………………………………………………7

The packing height calculation ………………………………………………………….13

Mechanical design calculation …………………………………………………….…....14

Calculation of the out of the roundness………………………………………………….15

Cylinders shell calculation ………………………………………………………………16

Column drawing ………………………………………………………………………....18

References ……………………………………………………………………………….19

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Introduction
It is essential when in production of glycerol that it is separated from the other components
which made as a product of thermal reaction that take place in the reactor. Then, this would
be done with introducing a solvent of which the glycerol is soluble in. However, then the
glycerol should be separated from the solvent so that to produce the pure product of
glycerol for use in industry. Moreover, to make it happen the stripper column is used to
strip the glycerol out of the solvent rich which is in our glycerol plant.
The stripper will remove the glycerol as a side stream and will be stripped using a counter
current gas as the stripping agent which comes from the degasifying steps ahead of the
stripper.

Objective
The main objective of the stripper is to remove the glycerol product from the solvent ready
for industrial use. Due to the explosive nature of glycerol this is to be done in specific and
controlled conditions which will be done in control system report.
Indeed, the purpose of this report is to framework the main measurement and mechanical
design of the stripper. The origin of calculations has been on the report and mass balances
worked on by the group.
Stripping is really separation process physically between one or more components that
taken from a stream of liquid by a stream of vapor. In fact, the liquid and vapor stream in
industrial application have countercurrent or co-current flow. It is more often carried out
by paced columns tray or packed column and we used less in bubble columns and spray
towers.
Plate column [1] is having of a vertical column with a liquid flowing in the form of the top
and out in the bottom. furthermore, the vapor phase enters the column from bottom on exit
from the top. However, inside the column there are plates and trays and usually trays
forcing the liquid to flow forth horizontally and flow back while also forcing the bubbles
vapor up through holes in the tray. The determination of these trays is to increase the value
of area contacted between vapor and liquid phases.
Packed columns are like the plate columns so that the vapors and liquid flows enter and
exit in the same situation. Usually the packed column is without the no trays. Moreover, it
is used to rise the area contact between vapor and liquid phases. However, there are
different many types of the used packing and these is advantages and disadvantages for
each one. The gas and liquid contact here is ongoing not stage wise, while in a plate column
is stage wise. The performance in a packed column is really depend very much on the
upkeep of the good gas and liquid distribution through the packed bed and it is an important
reflection in packed column design [1].

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4
In the glycerol plant I selected packed column, because the maintenance is easier and also
it is cheaper compared with pallet column.

Physical properties table obtained from volume 6 book [1]

Component Molecular Weight Boiling Point (°C)
(Kg/h)

Water 18.01528 100

Glycerol 92.09382 290

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The stripper material balance which been done in the second report with my group as it
shows below:

Steam stripper operating pressure = 4mbar

Temperature of glycerin = 290°C

Temperature of water=100°C

6
Stripper Design

1. Diameter and area calculation

Inlet reach a solvent temperature and pressure are 40℃ and 1.3bar respectively.

Exit lean solvent temperature and pressure are 50℃ and 1 bar respectively.

The formulas and steps are calculated from volume6 book [1]

Average boiling point of the inlet mixture stream [1] = Σ𝑇𝐵𝑃. 𝑛𝑖

= Boiling point Temperature of component (i)× mole fraction of component (i)

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
=(100℃ ×2.790370164 )+( 290℃ ×0.1329128349 )= 317.581
𝑠 𝑠

glycerin (C3H8O3) inlet Mole fraction = 0.1329128349

R= 0.08314 bar m3 / kmole K [1] (VOL6 pg780)

𝑘𝑔
Average MW of feed liquid mixture = Σ𝑀𝑊𝑖×𝑛𝑖= (2.79037016 ×18.01528𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 )
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
+(0.1329128349 ×92.09382𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 )=62.5097505𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

Partial pressure of glycerin( C3H8O3) at feed = 1.3𝑏𝑎𝑟 × 0.1329128349 =

𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
0.1727866854 × 760 1.01325𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 129.600672𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔
𝑝1 = 129.600672𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

C3H8O3 stripped 0.99

C3H8O3 stripped %= = 0.13291 = 7.448492545%
C3H8O3 at feed

Exit C3H8O3= 100 − 7.448492545 = 92.55150% = 0.92551

𝑝2 = 129.600672𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 × 0.92551 = 119.9467 ≈ 120𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔

𝑦1 𝑝1 129.60067
= = = 3.080005 ≈ 3
𝑦2 𝑝2 120
C3H8O3 stripped 0.99
C3H8O3 stripped %= C3H8O3 at feed = 0.13291 = 7.448492545%
As the Exit C3H8O3 is more than 5% so its concentrated.

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From Figure 11.49 in Volum6 [1], Find NOL;

The value of Lm/mGm is nominated to be = 1.4 as it identified in the book [3] And you
can find it in the (Separation Process Engineering page 481):

In fact, the stage number in striping column NOG = 4.4

1 𝐿 𝐿 𝑋
Now we can find 𝑁𝑂𝐿 = 𝑙 ln [(𝑚𝐺 ) + (1 − 𝑚𝐺 ) 𝑋1 ] [1] 𝑃: 776
(1 ) 2
𝑚𝐺
𝐿
So, the answer for 𝑚𝐺 = 1.2

1
NOL = ((1−1.2) ln[(1.2)+(1−1.2)×3] = 2.5554 ≈3.1
𝑃
For abscisox = L/G × ( 𝑃𝑣) [2]
𝑙
𝐾𝑔
L=Flow rate of the glycerin = 19.5031 ℎ

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 𝐾𝑔
G= Gas of the mixture = 19.779 ℎ

𝑘𝑔
Average MW of gas mixture = Σ𝑀𝑊𝑖×𝑛𝑖= = (2.79037016 ×18.01528 )
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
+(0.1329128349 ×92.09382𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 )=62.5097505𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑃𝑉 =P.MWavg/R.T (where, R= 0.08314 bar m3 / kmol K) (VOL6 pg788) [2]

𝑘𝑔
1𝑏𝑎𝑟×62.509 𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑚3
= 0.7242956405 𝑚3
0.08814( )×342𝑘
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 .𝑘

𝑝1 = density of glycerin [4] = 994 Kg/m3, 𝜇𝑙=0.803×10−3 𝑁. 𝑠/𝑚2

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 𝐾𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝐿 𝑃𝑣 0.5 19.5031 ℎ 0.7242956405 3
𝐹𝑙𝑣 = × ( ) = ×( 𝑚 )0.5 = 1.269875 ≈ 1.36
𝐺 𝑃𝑙 𝐾𝑔 Kg
19.779 994 m3
ℎ

The selected design for the stripper is 42.4mmH2O per meter packing as it choose from 16
to 50 in in our reference book[1] volume 6 page number 783

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From figure from volume 6 page 783 [1] for 42.4mmHg H2O/m of the height of the
column

𝐾4 = 0.34 at flooding 𝑘4 = 1.4

0.34
% flooding = √ 1.4 × 100 = 49.2805%

𝐾4 𝑃𝑣 (𝑃𝑙 − 𝑃𝑣 )
𝑉𝑊∗ = [ 𝜇 ]
13.1𝐹𝑃 (𝑝𝐿 )0.1
𝐿

In the book of volume 6-page number 767[1] we chose the saddle ceramic ( 2 in , 51mm
,𝐹𝑃 = 130𝑚−1 )

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 𝑘𝑔 Kg 𝑘𝑔
𝐾 𝑃 (𝑃 − 𝑃 ) 0.34 × 0.7242956405 3 (994 m3 − 0.7242956405 3 )
𝑉𝑊∗ = [
4 𝑣 𝑙 𝑣
]= 𝑚 𝑚
𝜇 −1 × (0.802 × 10 − 3 N. sm2)0.1
13.1𝐹𝑃 (𝑝𝐿 )0.1 13.1 × 130𝑚
𝐿 Kg
[ 994 m3 ]
=0.7679858 kg/m2. S

𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 2.59091645496 Kg/s

The area of the column that required = ∗ = =
𝑉𝑊 0.7679858 kg/m2.S
3.427258572 m2

4
Diameter = √𝜋 × 3.42725𝑚2 = 2.0889521𝑚

Round off to 2.1m

𝜋
Column area = 4 × 2.12 = 3.4360547𝑚2

2.1m
The size of the packing column diameter ration = = 41.1763 )
0.0051𝑚

The size of the packing could be considered the flooding in the selected diameter =

3.4360547𝑚 2
49.2805%× 3.4360547𝑚2 = 47.6932163%

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2. The packing height calculation

The ceramic saddle chosen [4]

𝑚𝐺 0.316
𝐻𝑂𝐺 = 1.14 𝐿0.315 [ 4]
𝑚

L = Flow rate of the liquid mixture = 1.850842𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

G= Flow rate of the gas = 0.123414𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠

The area = 3.4360547𝑚2

𝐿 1.850842𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠 𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐿𝑚 = = 2
= 0.548741 2
𝐴 3.4360547𝑚 𝑚 .𝑠

𝐺 0.123414𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝑠 𝐾𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐺𝑚 = = = 0.0364578
𝐴 3.4360547𝑚2 𝑚2 . 𝑠

𝐺 0.316 0.03645780.316
Now we can find 𝐻𝑂𝐺 = 1.14 𝐿𝑚
0.315 = 1.14 × = 0.48754787133𝑚
𝑚 0.5487410.315

The calculation of the height of the unit transfer 𝐻𝑂𝐿 = 0.48754787133𝑚

To calculate the height of the packing: Z =𝐻𝑂𝐿 × 𝑁𝑂𝐿 [2]

Which 𝑁𝑂𝐿 = 3.1

Then the answer Z =0.48754787133𝑚 × 3.1 = 2.1845671𝑚

𝑍 ≈ 2.5𝑚
Now we can use the overall height of the column:
𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 1.4𝐻𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑘 + 1.02𝐷 + 2.81
𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 1.4(2.5𝑚) + 1.02(2.1) + 2.81 = 8.452𝑚

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3.0 Mechanical design calculation

14
Cylinders shell calculation

The design of the pressure is really taken to be around 10% above the operating pressure
[1] in
the book volume6 page number 999.

Design pressure = ( 10%×operating pressure) + operating pressure

105 𝑁⁄𝑚2 1𝑚2 𝑁

= 1.3𝑏𝑎𝑟 × × 6 2
= 0.154
1𝑏𝑎𝑟 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚2

𝑁
The stress design is from 0 to 50℃ at the table 13.2 above = 175𝑚𝑚2

Di = 2.08985 m

𝑁 3
0.154 2 × 2.08859 × 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑒= 𝑚𝑚 = 0.92518787414𝑚𝑚
𝑁 𝑁
2 × 1 × 175 − (0.2 × 0.154 )
𝑚𝑚 2 𝑚𝑚2

15
Calculation of the out of the roundness

16
 𝑁 3
0.154 2 × 2.08859 × 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑒= 𝑚𝑚 = 0.92518787414𝑚𝑚
𝑁 𝑁
2 × 1 × 175 − (0.2 × 0.154 )
𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2

The allowance of the corrosion have to be added to the thickness which is 3mm[1]

The total thickness= 0.9251𝑚𝑚 + 3𝑚𝑚 = 3.925𝑚𝑚

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 Column drawing

Stripper column of glycerin Submitted to:

Plant (paced type) Dr Ayham Al Rahawi
Done by: Said AL-Rawahi
ID: 13-0506

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References
[1] Coulson and Richardson’s, Chemical Engineering Design Volume 6, Oxford OX2 8DP: Elsevier
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.

[2] J. G. Speight, Chemical and process design Handbook, New York: R. R. Donnelley & Sons
Company, 2002.

[3] P. C. Wankat, Separation Process Engineering, Westford, Massachusetts: Pearson Education,

Inc., 2012.

[4] Taminco, “Dimethylformamide technical data sheet, “December 2005. [Online].Available:

http://colonialchemicals.com/uploads/Products/DMF/DMF_Tech.pdf.

[5] E. E. Ludwig, Applied process design, Houston, TX: Gulf Professional Publishing, 1994.

[6] azom, “Stainless Steel –Grade 316(UNS S31600), “13 September 2001. [Online]. Available:
https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=863.

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