GENDER STUDIES

OBJECTIVE PAPER
SET I
1. How many different sexual identities did Lorber (1994) classify?
2. Answer: 10
3. Which of the following is least likely to be directly affected by trends in globalization?
Answer: prostitution
4. Cas Wouters's (2004) Sex and Manners is a study of changing gender relations and the in
formalization of courtship codes. Where is his research data primarily drawn from?
Answer: manners books
5. Which of the following does not constitute 'sex work'?
6. Answer: belly dancing
7. Which theoretical approach questions the very existence of identity categories, seeing
these, rather, as products of specific discourses?
8. Answer: queer theory
9. R.W. Connell's theory of the gender hierarchy identifies many expressions of femininity
and masculinity. Which one sits at the top of the hierarchy?
Answer: hegemonic masculinity
10. Which feminist perspective has patriarchy as its fundamental concept in the explanation of
gender inequality?
11. Answer: radical feminism
12. Which of the following is not one of the six structures of patriarchy identified by Sylvia
Walby (1990)?
13. Answer: political parties
14. Which form of feminism is most closely associated with intersectionality?
Answer: Black feminism
15. What is the central premise of strict social constructionist theories in gender studies?
Answer: both sex and gender are social constructions
16. Ken Plummer has identified four types of homosexuality in modern Western culture.
Which one refers to settings where men engage in same-sex activity only as a substitute for
heterosexual behaviour?
17. Answer: situated homosexuality
18. The Stonewall Riots were a significant event in:
19. Answer: the gay rights movement
20. Sociologists use the term 'sex' to refer to:
21. Answer: anatomical and physiological difference
22. Which one of these is not one of the three 'crisis tendencies' in the gender order identified
by Connell?
23. Answer: crisis of masculinity
24. According to Parsons' functionalist approach, the sexual division of labour in the family
should ensure that women occupy which role?
25. Answer: expressive
26. Which form of feminism draws on Marxist theory?
27. Answer: socialist
28. Which form of feminism is most committed to challenging the essentialist nature of the
category 'woman'?
29. Answer: postmodern
30. The 'double standard' normally refers to the difference in social attitudes towards:
Answer: male and female sexual activity
31. Transvestism requires a change of:
32. Answer: clothes
33. In which century was the term 'homosexual' coined to describe a distinct type of person?
Answer: 19th
34. BWOA stands for __________.
Black Women Organized for Action
22-NBFO stands for ___________.
National Black Feminist Organization
23-Thir Wave Feminism demanded _________.
Economic Participation
24-Third Wave Feminism emerged in __________.
1990s
25-CSW stands for ___________.
Commission on the Status of Women
26-CSW was established in _________.
June 1946
27-CSW was established by ___________.
United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
28-UN First Conference on Women was held in __________.
Mexico City
29-United Nations First Conference On Women was held in the year _________.
1975
30-Mexico City Conference led to the establishment of the __________ and ________.
INSTRAW, UNIFEM
31-INSTRAW stands for __________.
International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
32-UNIFEM stands for ___________.
United Nations Development Fund for Women
33-CEDAW stands for _____________.
Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women
34-CEDAW was adopted by the General Assembly in ________
December 1979
35-CEDAW is commonly called as ___________.
The Bill Of Rights For Women
36-The Bill Of Rights For Women now legally binds ____________ countries.
165
37-The World Conference of 1985 of Nairobi is considered as ___________.
The Birth Of Global Feminism
38-The Fourth World Conference on Women was held in ________ in _________.
Beijing, 1995
39-According to various surveys, under the capitalist system, women’s current average earning
ratio is _______ to ______ earning of men.
$ 0.77, $ 1
40-Modernization theory has evolved in ________________ waves.
Three
41-The first wave appeared in the ______ and _________.
1950s, 1960s
42-The second wave of modernization theory appeared in _______ and ________.
1970s, 1980s
43-The second wave of modernization theory is a part of the __________ theory.
Critical
44-The third wave of modernization theory emerged in ___________.
1990s
45-Modernization theory is largely based on the view that to develop means to become ___ by
adopting ___________ and __________.
Modern, Western values, Social institutions
46-The modern World-Systems Theory originated around ________.
1500
47-The World Systems Theory was developed by sociologist _________________.
Immanuel Wallenstein
48-According to World System Theory, core countries are ____________ countries.
Dominant capitalist
49-Peripheral countries, according to World System Theory are ______________ rich countries.
Labour and raw materials
50-Peripheral countries are also commonly referred as _____________ countries.
Third World

SET II
1- Some groups of people want to believe that women and men have ________ positions, men
being superior.

Hierarchical
2-The other extreme group wants to believe that men and women are absolutely equal, and this
equality is misinterpreted as__________.

Sameness
3-One should not forget that equal is not synonymous of _______.

Sameness
4-Sociologists consider ‘sex’ in terms of ________
Physical and physiological differences between males and females
5-Double burden means __________.

Workload of women (performing both domestic as well as paid work)

6-Gender studies refer to the _______ study of the phenomena of gender.

Academic
7-According to feminist a distinction between ______ and gender has been made.
Sex
8-Different traits associated with the masculinity and femininity of a person defines his/her
_______.

Gender
9-Gender Studies also examine how the ________ is gendered.

World
10-Sex refers to the _______ and _______ characteristics that define men and women.

Biological, Physiological
11-________ refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviour and activities that are considered
appropriate for men and women.

Gender
12-Under sexual division, men and women are called ______ and _______.
Male, Female
13-Under gender division, men and women are called ______ and ______.
Masculine, Feminine
14-Sex is ________ while gender is _______.

Natural, Acquired
15-Survey means_________.
A list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a particular group of people
16-The term status quo means_________.
The existing state of affairs, especially regarding social or political issues
17-________ is the generally accepted attribute of men and _______ is of women.

Assertive/Casual, Nurturing
18-According to feminists even today language is _________.

Sexist
19-Which expressions are sexist according to feminists?
Shake it off, be a man
20-Patriarchy literally means __________.
Rule of the father
21-In Gender Studies patriarchy means a social setup in which ________ dominates _________.

Men, Women
22-Patriarchy is the main concept of ____________ Feminism.

Radical
23-The concept of patriarchy was used by the feminists in _________ century.

Early 20th

24-Feminism is the name for a _________ that says that women deserve to be treated as equal to
men.

Movement
25-_________ is a set of attributes associated with boys and men.
Masculinity
26-________ is a set of attributes associated with girls and women.

Femininity

27-People who exhibits combination of both masculine and feminine characteristics are
considered __________.

Androgynous
28-Discrimination that a person faced because of his gender is called________.

Gender discrimination
29-The term empowerment became popular ___________.

In the mid of 1980’s (especially in reference to women)

30-In gender studies empowerment means ________ of power that challenges patriarchal
ideology.

The redistribution
31-Empoerment for women begins in the ________.

Household
32-Gender Mainstreaming is the public policy concept of assessing the different implications of
different action policies for ___________.

Men and women

33-The concept of gender mainstreaming was first proposed in _______.

1985
34- The concept of gender mainstreaming was given at _______ World Conference on Women.

Third
35-Gender analysis uncovers how ________ affect a development problem?

Gender relations
36-Gender analysis aims to achieve _______ rather than ________.

Equity, Equality
37-Women’s Studies was an offshoot of ________ wave feminism.

Second
38-Gender Studies came into being after _______ wave feminism.

Third
39-________ is older than __________.

Women’s Studies, Gender Studies

40-Gender Studies include _________ plus other things.

Women’s Studies
41-Gender Studies discuss _______ as equally as _______.

Men, Women
42-Women’s Studies discuss _________ for most of the time.

Women only
43-Women’s Studies is ___________.

‘‘An education strategy for change’’

44-Women’s Studies owe its existence to the ____________.

Women’s Liberation Movement

45-Gender Studies include _________, _________ and _________ studies.

Women’s Studies, Men’s Studies, LGBT

46- LGBT studies stand for ____________ studies.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender

47-Bisexual means _________.
Having characteristics of both sexes
48-Transgender means ________.

A person whose identity and gender does not correspond with their birth sex
49-The first National Women’s Studies Association conference was held in _____.

1979
50-In Pakistan, Gender Studies in universities is taught on the __________ pattern.
Europe and other countries
51-CEWS stand for ________.

Centre of Excellence for Gender Studies

52-Centre of Excellence for Gender Studies (CEWS) was established in ______.

1989
53-CEWS was established by the __________ of Government of Pakistan.
Ministry of Women Development
54-CEWS was established as a project in 1989 in ________ public universities.

Five
55-The first master degree program in Women’s Studies in Pakistan began in ____ at the
University of ________.
1991, Karachi
56-M.Phil and Ph.D. degree programmes in Women’s Studies at the University of Karachi were
started in ________.

2002
57-PAWS stand for __________.
Pakistan Association for Women’s Studies
58-PAWS started working in _________.

March, 1991
59-In Islam the share of women in inheritance is ________.

Woman gets half of man share

60-During the reign of Second Pious caliph _________ was market supervisor.

61-The term ‘‘constructionism’’ was coined by ________ in _______.

Seymour Papert, 1980’s

62-Social Constructionism uncovers the ways by which individuals construct their __________.

Perceived social reality

63-The phrase Queer Theory was coined by _________ in _______.

Teresa de Laurites, 1991

64-Disease that causes male infants to appear like female till puberty is called ________.

5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency

65-The theory that men and women should be treated equally also sometimes called as
__________ or _________.

Core Feminism, Core Feminist Theory

66-A person who supports feminism is called as _________.

Feminist
67-APWA stands for __________.
All Pakistan Women’s Association
68-APWA was started by __________.

Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan

69-APWA was established in _________.

1949
70-The purpose of APWA establishment was __________.
Furtherance of the moral, social and economic welfare of the women of Pakistan
71-WMA stands for __________.

Women’s Action Forum

72-WMA was established in __________.

September 1981
73- The Anti-Sexual Harassment Bill was passed in _________.
2010
74-The Criminal Acid Act was passed in __________.
2011
75- Status of Women Bill was passed on __________.
2014
76-According to Liberal Feminism gender differences are not based in ______. Therefore their
_________ superseded their procreative differentiation.

Biology, Common humanity

77-The goal of Liberal Feminism in US was the addition of ________ to the US Constitution.
Equal Rights Amendment
78-According to Marxist Feminism, women’s oppression is due to ________.

Economic dependence
79-Marxist Feminism put women into the structure of _________.

Capitalism
80-According to Marxist Feminism, solution to women’s oppression is the replace of the _______
with ________.

Capitalism system, Socialist system

81- According to ________ feminism oppression of women is due to many factors.

Socialist
82-According to Development Feminism _________.
 Economic development
83- Development Feminism emphasis on __________.
Universal human rights
84-Gender Resistant Feminisms

Gender equality planning

85- According to Radical Feminism _______ is the root cause of oppression.

Sexuality
86-According to Psychoanalytical Feminism the continue process of gender discrimination is due
to _________.
Psychological gendering of children
87-Separatists are those _______ who advocated separation of women from ______ either total or
partial.
Feminists, Men
88-First Wave Feminism demanded ___________.
Right of vote for women
89-NAWSA stands for __________.
National American Women’s Suffrage Association
90-Seocnd Wave Feminism demanded __________.
Social and Cultural Values
91-Second Wave Feminism emerged in ___________.

1960s to 1970s
92-In USA Black feminists raised their concerns through organizations such as _________ and
__________.

BWOA, NBFO
93. Who was the first feminist on record to challenge Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

Karen Horney

94. ____________ sees the identity of females as being defined by their similarity to their
mothers and the identity of males as being defined by breaking away and separating from their mothers.

Nancy Chodorow

95. What is the common focus of most feminist therapies today?

Creating a more gentle, loving, woman-centered world

96. The basic belief of feminism is that

Women and men are inherently equal and thus are entitled to equitable treatment.

97. Sally stressed the importance of women getting and maintaining their own reproductive rights
and control over their bodies. She said that women need to be assertive, and they must be aware
of the patriarchal influences on their personalities and behaviors. She campaigned vigorously for
women's political and social autonomy. Sally embodied which type of early feminism?

Radical

98. Which of the following is true about feminist issues today?

Gender-based violence and abuse attitudes toward women are rampant worldwide.

99. Dr. Armstad, a feminist therapist, is most likely to believe that the quality of her clients'
mental health is influenced by all of the following except

Unconscious conflicts.

100. Tiffany has internalized her culture's gender roles and ideas of what it is to be feminine.
Unfortunately, she finds it difficult to live up to these beliefs about how she should act, feel, and
think. From a feminist perspective, Tiffany is experiencing

Internal strain.

101. Eleanor believes that people choose behaviors that are personally meaningful and effective
regardless of what gender role society assigns them. Eleanor supports the concept of

Egalitarianism.

102. The yardstick by which others are compared to determine good mental health and normality
is typically

The dominant group.

103. ____________ is a negative attitude toward people based on their group membership, while
_____________ refers to treating certain people differently because they belong to a particular
group.

Prejudice; bias

104. From a feminist perspective, ideal mental health

Suggests that women are able to accept the roles defined for them by their culture.

105. Which of the following is not a major assumption of feminist therapy?

Feminist therapists encourage women to adjust to socially sanctioned behaviors.

106. Which of the following is not characteristic of research methods typically valued by
feminism?

Quantitative

107. Which of the following forms of therapy could be considered the model of therapy for all
oppressed groups?

Psychoanalysis

SET III
1. The main goal of feminism is to:

Change the patriarchal nature of society

2. Radical feminists advocate revolution because:

Institutions such as the state perpetuate male dominance and the subjugation of women.

3. The focus of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring is:

The negative effect of synthetic pesticides and toxic chemicals on the environment.

4. An ecocentric philosophy requires:

Shifting from a focus on nature to a focus on human-well being.

5. One of the problems of imposing global sustainable development policies is:

It could deprive persons in the poorer countries of the opportunity to try to catch up to the
standard of living in richer countries.

6. One of the tenets advocated by the Deep Ecology movement is:

Substantial decrease in the human population.

7. Feminists argue that women's values are based primarily on:

Prescribed social roles.

8. Liberal feminism really began with:

First wave feminism

9. Compared to environmental views which advocate fundamental changes, reform

environmentalism takes a view that is:

More moderate and focused on scientific advancement.

10. The Kyoto Protocols requires:

Wealthy, industrialized countries to reduce their green house gas emissions.

11. Gender equality is an issue that is relevant to:

All societies, women and men alike

12. Which Millennium Development Goal (MDG) focuses on gender?

MDG 3

13. Why are girls more likely than boys to miss out on secondary education in the developing
world?

Because of high school fees, only boys go to school, many adolescent girls are expected to
help out at, child marriage restricts girls’ mobility and freedom

14. What is the proportion of girls in the developing world who get married before the age of 18?

36%

15. What fraction of the world’s working hours are worked by women and girls?

2/3

16. Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 768 individuals and 19 organizations.
How many women have received this Prize?

33

17. Looking at the issue of violence against women from a gender perspective recognizes that-

Violence against women is a manifestation of prevailing unequal power relations between

women and men

18. In 2000, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1325, a historical Resolution that calls
for-

The full and equal participation of women in all peace and security initiatives

19. Out of 16 UN peacekeeping operations, how many have fulltime gender advisers?
7

20. Gender equality supports:

Poverty eradication, Education for All goals, Reduction of HIV infections, Increase in
family income

21. In Margaret Mead's work in New Guinea, she found that masculinity and femininity were
____________ determined.

Culturally

22. According to sociologists, gender behaviour is _____________.

Learned

23. Studies of sexuality around the world reveal a fair amount of sexual ____________.

Diversity

24. Research has shown that homosexuals

Maintain a gender identity consistent with their biological sex.

25. Kinsey's research on homosexuality found that ____% of men said that they had achieved
orgasm with a person of their own sex after puberty.

37

26. In recent studies of women in Western cultures approximately ____% admitted to being
homosexual.

3-5

27. Native Americans refer to those who act out cross-gender roles as having.

Two spirits

28. Heterosexist societies tend to

Use heterosexuality as the norm.

29. The defining characteristic of transsexuals is that they-

Psychologically believe that they are members of the opposite sex.

30. The gay rights movement is patterned after the _________________________________.

Women's rights movement

31. The first court ruling in Canada favouring same-sex marriages occurred in what year?

2002

32. Macro-level perspectives in sociology emphasize how sexuality is located and arranged in

Large-scale social institutions.

33. Canadian statistics reveal that in 64% of all reported sexual assault cases the victims are
_______________.

Children

34. According to Conflict theory, the key concept in understanding sexual stratification is
_____________.

Power

35. Pornography has been found to be most dangerous for

Men who cannot distinguish between aggression and sexual arousal.

36. Childhood prostitution is most commonly found in ______________.

Developing countries

37. The world-wide increase in childhood prostitution has been attributed to

___________________.

The AIDS scare

38. The fact that feminism today is so divided is attributable to the fact that

Women are too busy with their careers and families to concern themselves with such issues.

women have widely diverse issues.

39. Liberal feminism is also known as ____________ feminism.

Egalitarian

40. The domestic roles of women, i.e., housekeeper, tend to be ____________ in our society.

Under-valued

41. Colour-coded and gender-typed clothing of infants and children are-

Universal.

42. Studies show that gender inequality in schools is-

Very much in evidence.

43. Gendered messages are most likely to be found-

In the media.

44. Prime-time television shows tend to revolve around

MEN.

45. The most stereotyped of all media in its gender portrayals is ___________

MUSIC

46-Pakistan ranks _______ out of ___________ countries in the Gender Empowerment Measure
of 2011.
82, 93
47-According to 2011 Gender Inequality Index Pakistan stands ______ out of ______ countries.
115, 140
48-According to an estimated value __________ women become a victim of rape in her lifetime.
One out of every five
49-About ____________ of the estimated 500,000 to 2 million annually trafficked people
includes women.
80%
50-According to United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), annually _______ women become
victims of honour killing worldwide.
5000

SET-IV
1-Countries that are midway between the core and periphery are called ___________.
Semi-peripheral countries
2-Semi-peripheries countries come into existence both from _________ and _________.
Developing peripheries, Declining cores
3-Historical examples of Semi-peripheries are ___________ and ___________.
Spain, Portugal
4-Dependency theory explains how a ___________ and ___________ nations interact.
Developing, Developed
5-Dependency theory was formulated in _________ in a direct challenge to __________
economic policies of the post-War era.
1950s, Free Market
6-Strain Theory discusses _________ due to the forceful prevention of people from their _______
goals.
Deviance, Culturally approved
7-People who accept the goals and institutionalized means, set by their society for them are called
__________.
Conformists
8- _________ are those who ________ goals set by the society but ________ the usual ways of
achieving them.
Innovators, Accept, Reject
9-Ritualists ________ cultural goals but still ________ the institutionalized means of achieving
them.
Rejects, Accepts
10-Retreatists _______ cultural goals as well as the __________ means of achieving them.
Reject, Institutionalized
11-Rebels not only reject culturally approved goals and the means of achieving them but they
______ them with __________.
Replace, Their Own Goals
12-WID stands for ____________.
Women In Development
13-The term Women In Development was first coined in ___________ by a ________ network of
female development professionals.
The early of 1970s, Washington-based
14-WID is associated with the wide range of _______ concerning _______ in the _________
domain.
Activities, Women, Development
15-According to WID, modernization instead of ________ appeared to be contributing to the
_______ of their position.
Improving women’s status and rights, Deterioration
16-One of the important demand of the Feminist under WID in United States was ____________
opportunities for women.
Equal Employment
17-WID advocates were also highlighting women’s role in ____________. For this purpose they
were presenting ________ economist, ________ work, who had highlighted women’s role in the
_____________ economy.
Economic development, Danish, Ester Boserup, Sub-Saharan agricultural
18-WAD stands for _____________.
Women And Development
19-WAD focuses mainly on _________ and ___________.
Patriarchy, Capitalism
20-GAD stands for __________.
Gender And Development
21-GAD focuses on __________ basis of differences between men and women.
Socially constructed
22-SAPs stands for _____________.
Structural Adjustment Programmes
23-World Bank for the first time gave Pakistan assistance of $ 25 million in __________.
1971
24-CEDAW stands for ______________.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
25-The word ‘‘Suffragette’’ was first used in an article in a British newspaper in ___________.
1906
26-The very initial purpose of the women’s suffrage movement was the gaining of the
___________.
Right of vote
27-ICW stands for _____________.
International Council of Women
28-ICW was formed in ________ by ____________.
1888, International women’s rights organization
29-IWSA stands for _____________.
International Woman Suffrage Alliance
30-IWSA was formed by ____________ and ___________ in ____________.
Millicent Fawcett, Carrie Chapman Catt, 1904
31-The first country which grant national level voting right to women was the self-governing
British colony of _________ which passed the Electoral Bill in _____________.
New Zealand, September 1893
32-The British colony of South Australia granted full suffrage in ________ giving women the
right to vote and to stand for parliament.
1894
33-Britain’s Parliament passed the Eligibility of Women Act in __________________ which
allowed women to be elected to Parliament.
November 1918
34-Ten years later (in 1928), the Representation of the People Act granted women the right to
_______ in Britain.
Vote
35-Spain granted women the right to vote in __________.
1931
36-France granted women the right to vote in ___________.
1944
37-Belgium, Italy, Romania and Yugoslavia granted women the right to vote in ________.
1946
38-The suffrage movement in United States gained prominence after the _________________ in
__________.
Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
39-Woman’s National Loyal League was formed in ________________ by __________ and
__________.
1863, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
40-NWSA stands for ___________________.
National Woman Suffrage Association
41-AWSA stands ________________________.
American Woman Suffrage Association
42-NAWSA stands for _____________________.
National American Women Suffrage Association
43- NAWSA was formed in ___________ by merging _______________ and _______________.
1890, NWSA, AWSA
44-Congressional Union was formed in_______ by _________ and _____________.
1914, Alice Paul, Lucy Burns
45-In 1916 the Congressional Union was renamed as ___________.
National Woman’s Party (NWP)
46-The widely reserved minimum percentage of women representation in any parliament is
_______________.
30%
47-As of 1st May 2015 report, the percentage of female parliamentarians around the world stood
at __________.
22.1%
48-_____________ has the highest number of women parliamentarians worldwide.
Rwanda
49-In Rwanda, women have _________ seats in lower house.
63.8%
50-Gender is a term refers to _____________________ distinction between males and females.
Social and cultural
51-Today we have ___________ women parliamentarians in the 12thlegislature of Pakistan which
make _________ of the total representation in National parliament.
Seventy four, 21.64%
52-GBV stands for ___________.
Gender Based Violence
53-VAW stands for _____________.
Violence Against Women
54-CEDAW stands for __________________.
UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
55-CEDAW was adopted by the UN in _____________.
1979
56-DEVAW stands for _______________.
UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
57-DEVAW was adopted by the UN in ________.
1993
58-The Psychopathology Theory put stress on the ________ of men who abuses their wives.
Mental Illness
59-According to Learned Behaviour Theory the violence conducted by men and beard by the
women depend upon ________.
Their learning in the family
60-According to Loss of Control theory gendered societal expectation prevented men from
expressing anger and frustration which at some stage result in the ____________.
Loss of control
61-According to Learned Helplessness theory, women stay in abusive relationships because
constant abuse strips them of the _______ to leave.
Will
62-According to Cycle Of Violence Theory men did not express their frustration and anger
because they had been taught ___________.
Not to show their feelings
63-According to Family/Relationship Conflict Model woman’s behaviour contributes to the
_________ in the family.
Build-up tension
64-According to Power And Control Wheel Theory the purpose of violence is to exert
__________ and _________ over woman.
Power, Control
65-DAIP stands for _______________.
Domestic Abuse Intervention Project
Prepared by: Nasir Khan