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Social Psychology Lecture No. 02: Class: (MLT, OTT, RIT, ENG - 1 Semester)

- The document provides a history of social psychology from its origins in the late 19th century to modern developments. - Early studies in the 1880s-1920s marked the birth of social psychology but did not establish it as a distinct field. Three textbooks in the early 1900s helped define social psychology. - Interest increased dramatically in the 1930s-1950s due to events like WWII and the rise of Hitler, spurring major studies on topics like conformity and obedience. - Debate around research methods peaked in the 1960s-1970s, leading to more rigorous ethics and consideration of cultural factors. Social cognition emerged as a subfield. - Current trends integrate cognition,

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syed hamza
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244 views9 pages

Social Psychology Lecture No. 02: Class: (MLT, OTT, RIT, ENG - 1 Semester)

- The document provides a history of social psychology from its origins in the late 19th century to modern developments. - Early studies in the 1880s-1920s marked the birth of social psychology but did not establish it as a distinct field. Three textbooks in the early 1900s helped define social psychology. - Interest increased dramatically in the 1930s-1950s due to events like WWII and the rise of Hitler, spurring major studies on topics like conformity and obedience. - Debate around research methods peaked in the 1960s-1970s, leading to more rigorous ethics and consideration of cultural factors. Social cognition emerged as a subfield. - Current trends integrate cognition,

Uploaded by

syed hamza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class: (MLT,OTT,RIT,ENG – 1st Semester)

Social Psychology
Lecture No. 02
Dated: 09 December, 2020
Time: 9:50am

Course Instructor: Zain Haider


Brief history of social Psychology
• No systematic and scientific study of social psychological issues
developed until the end of the nineteenth century.

Birth and Infancy (1880s – 1920s)


1. Norman Triplett published first research article in (1898)
Observation: Bicyclists race fasters in the presence of other vs. clock
Experiment Task: Children and fishing reels
Condition 1: Children alone wind in the reel
Condition 2: Children in pair but working independently
Results: Children in pair finished faster
This scientific approach can be seen as marking the Birth of Social
Psychology

2. Max Ringelmann Study (Conducted 1880s, Published 1913)


Results: individuals often performed worse on simple
tasks such as pulling rope when they performed the tasks with other
people.
Brief history of social Psychology

Birth and Infancy (1880s – 1920s)


Despite their place in the history of social psychology, these late-nineteenth-
century studies did not truly establish social psychology as a distinct field of
study.

Three Textbooks
1. An introduction to Social Psychology (WilliamMcDougall,1908)
2. Social Psychology (Edward Ross ,1908)
3. Social Psychology Floyd Allport, 1924)
• These books helped establish social as the discipline today

A Call to Action: 1930s–1950s


Someone who was not a psychologist at all may have had the most dramatic
impact on the field ????? (Any Guess)
Brief history of social Psychology

A Call to Action: 1930s–1950s

Hitler’s rise to power and the horrendous consequences that followed


caused people around the world to become desperate for answers to social
psychological questions what causes?
• Violence
• Prejudice
• Genocide
• Conformity
• Obedience

The years just before, during, and soon after World War II marked an
explosion of interest in social psychology.
Brief history of social Psychology

A Call to Action: 1930s–1950s

• Gordon Allport formed the society for Psychological Study of social


Issues
• Muzaffar Sheriff crucial study on Social Influence
• Kurt Lewin (father of Social Psychology) Interactionist Perspective
Interactionist Perspective (An emphasis on how both an individual’s
personality and environmental characteristics influence behavior.
• Solomon Asch’s study on conformity
• Leon Festinger’s two studies on self and attitutdes
Brief history of social Psychology

Confidence and Crisis: 1960s – 1975s

• Stanley Milgram’s study on obedience


Many of the strong disagreements during this period can be understood as a
reaction to the dominant research method of the day: the laboratory
experiment. Critics of this method asserted that certain practices were
unethical, that experimenters’ expectations influenced their participants’
behavior, and that the theories being tested in the laboratory were
historically and culturally limited (Gergen, 1973; Kelman, 1967; Rosenthal,
1976).

An Era of Pluralism: 1975s – 2000s


more rigorous ethical standards for research were instituted, more stringent
procedures to guard against bias were adopted, and more attention was
paid to possible cross-cultural differences in behavior.
Emergence of Social Cognition (subfield of social psychology)
Social Psychology Today: Trending

Integration of Emotions, Motivation, and Cognition

• Emotion (h) (complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioral,


and physiological elements, by which an individual attempts to deal with
a personally significant matter or event.
• Motivation (h) (the impetus that gives purpose or direction to behavior
and operates in humans at a conscious or unconscious level)
• Cognition (c)(all forms of knowing and awareness, such as perceiving,
conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem
solving)
• The mixture of “Cold” and “Hot” perspectives in social cognition
researches
• conflict between wanting to be right and wanting to feel good about
oneself
Social Psychology Today: Trending

Genetic and Evolutionary Perspective

• Behavioral genetics (examining the role of genetics in behavior, for


example: genes that play role in identity)
• Evolutionary Psychology (using principles of evolution to understand the
human social behavior, for example: studying tendencies and reactions
underlying jealousy can predict gender difference in attraction )
• Cultural Perspectives (advancement in communication technologies
make it easier to study social variables across cultures; cross-cultural
researches for example difference in collectivist vs. individualist culture)
• The Social Brain and Body (social neuroscience, broken heart-syndrome)
• New Technologies and the Online World
(Positron Emission Topography PET, Event Related Potential ERP,
Transcranial Magnetic stimulation TMS, Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging fMRI)
Thank You

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