Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Analytic Study on Diagrid Structure

Abhishek Yadav1, Dr.Vikram A Patil2, Somanagouda R Takkalaki3
1
PG Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, B. R. Harne College of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai, India
2
Project guide and Principal, B. R. Harne College of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai, India
3
Assistant Professor Dept. of Civil Engineering, B. R. Harne College of Engineering and Technology, Mumbai, India

Abstract:- As you can see in growing population I. INTRODUCTION

countries were demand of high rise building is
drastically increasing, due to which different types of In a construction of high rise buildings lots of frame
structural frame system have to look for economically, system have been used such as shear wall, conventional
structural stability and aesthetically aspects. These frame, brace tube system, diagrid system. But most efficient
different structural system such as conventional, braced and recently used system is diagrid. Diagrid consist of
tube, outrigger, diagrid are most commonly used for diagonals with grids it is framework of diagonally
high rise buildings, among them Diagrid System are new intersecting beams consist of Concrete, Steel or wooden.
trends for high rise buildings due to its Structural and Diagrid consist of diagonal column instead of vertical
aesthetical properties. Diagrid systems consists of column in the periphery of structure. All vertical columns
diagonal columns instead of vertical columns (Vertical are eliminated on the exterior portion of the structure. In
columns are deleted in this frame system). Diagrid recent days it is observed that diagrid frame system on the
systems are diagonally connected due to which there is periphery of the high rise building is commonly used as
reduction in lateral loads and some portion of gravity compared to other frame buildings such as convention and
load also as compared to other structural system. braced tube system. As diagrid frame structure is more
Diagrid used in different angels depends upon the height popular than other due to its structural performance and
of the structure which is useful in reducing the forces. In aesthetically shape for construction of high rise buildings.
early days architectural view of the high rise buildings The diagrid frame structure resist more lateral loadings due
are very important, due to the different angels of diagrid to wind and earthquake (this are the main forces which acts
with respect to height the combination gives better as an important role in designing of high rise buildings) than
architectural view than the Conventional and braced any other frame structure. Diagid is similar to or you can say
system. At the start of the construction of high rise evolution of braced tube system. The only difference is that
building only conventional frame system is used for the vertical column in the exterior are eliminated in diagrid
construction later braced tube or braced frame system is frame structure. The diagonal members act both inclined
adopted in which both vertical column as well as diagrid column as well as bracing elements due to which they form
members are used for construction later and recently triangulated configuration. The shear forces and the bending
Diagrid frame system were highly used it is some were moment developed due to which the vertical columns bends
similar to braced tube system, only the vertical columns in most cases are resisted by axial action of these diagonal
are deleted. So in this thesis I am studying why diagrid members. Due to lesser no’s of obstruction at the exterior
frame system are more adopted nowadays instead of portion of the diagrid buildings gives better outer view and
other structural system such as Conventional frame and also the appearance of building from outside.
braced frame system. A rectangular plan of size 15 m ×
18 m and 20 story consist of 3m floor to floor of RCC II. OBJECTIVES
building is considered for analysis with same parameter
and same loadings for all buildings. The software used The main objective of this thesis is to investigate why
for analysis and various data collections of all building diagrid structural system is adopted more than the other
for comparison is Staad Pro. IS 456:2000 are used for structural system such as Conventional frame and Braced
designing of all structural members and load frame system for that I am analyzing the different structural
combinations of seismic forces are considered as per IS system with same parameters under different seismic and
1893(Part 1): 2002. After analysis of all the buildings dynamic loadings. The work is to be carried out by
with same data the comparison is done by comparing the conducting-
beam forces, column forces, lateral displacement, story (a) Study behavior of all buildings in various seismic zone
drift, reinforcement in column, beam and footings etc. such as III, IV, V.
Most of the lateral load are resist by external diagonal (b) Comparative study on behavior of both buildings in
columns at periphery of the building which gives less various soil types.
effect of lateral loading to the internal column. This (c) Comparative results of conventional, braced frame
causes reduction in the forces and reinforcement in building and diagrid building.
diagrid building as compared to conventional & braced (d) Study on behavior of all buildings with uniform and
structure. As also there is less effect of lateral loading varying column sizes at different levels.
there is less displacement and story drift in diagrid
building as compared to other buildings.

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
III. SCOPE Table. 1- Properties of Different Materials involve in the
study.
The future demand in construction of high rise Properties of Materials Values
building is common so for the different structural system is
experimented therefore adoption of Diagrid system is Density of RCC 25 Kn/ m3
needful in terms of increasing the efficiency of work and
Density of Brick Masonry 20 Kn/m3
also cost reduction. To meet these requirements, the
structure should have adequate lateral strength & sufficient Young’s modulus , EC 27386 N/mm2
ductility. The unique compositional characteristic of the
structure provides great structural efficiency for tall Poisson ratio, μ 0.17
buildings. One can maximize the structural efficiency of the Compressive strength, of conc Fck 30 N/mm2
diagrid structure by optimizing its grid geometries. There
Grade of Steel Fe 500
are several factors that need to be considered in the design
of the diagrid system such as the number of stories of the
tall buildings, the optimum angle of the diagrid structures,
the material and size used in constructing the diagrid, beam Loading conditions
and column elements, the size of the columns and the Following loading are considered for analysis -
method employed to join the diagrid members. Structural (a) Dead Loads:
design of high rise building is governed by lateral loads due Self-wt of slab considering 150mm depth of slab = 3.75
to wind or earthquake. Lateral load resistance of structure is kN/m2
provided by interior or exterior structural system. Generally Floor Finishing load = 0.75 kN/m2
shear wall core or braced frame and their combination with Masonry Wall Load for inner wall = 9 kN/m
frames are the interior system, where lateral load is resisted Masonry Wall Load for parapet wall = 3 kN/m
by centrally located elements. Usually in conventional & (b) Live Loads:
braced frame, vertical columns are closely spaced while in Live Load on typical floors = 3 kN/m2
diagrid structure consists of incline columns on the exterior Live Load on roof = 2 kN/m2
surface of building. These inclined columns resist the lateral (c) Earth Quake Loads:
loads by axial action of the diagonal compared to bending of
vertical columns in conventional & braced framed. All the building frames are analyzed for various
seismic zone and different soil type
IV. METHODOLOGY
The earth quake loads are derived as per IS:
In this thesis comparison of diagrid, conventional & 1893(2002)
braced building with uniform and varying column sizes
under seismic and wind forces is done. Here G+20, story Table. 2- Seismic parameter
buildings is taken and same static and dynamic load is Seismic parameters Data/ Data/ Data/
applied for its behavior and comparison. Value Value Value
Earth Quake Zone III IV V
The high rise buildings of different frame structure are Response Reduction 5 5 5
subjected to different vibrational forces due to earthquake Factor
and wind therefore seismic analysis and wind analysis is Importance Factor 1 1 1
essential for these building frames. The fixed base system is Damping 5% 5% 5%
analyzed by employing in building frames in different Soil Type Hard Medium Soft Soil
seismic zones in various soil types by means of Staad.Pro Soil Soil
software. The response of the building frames is studied for
useful interpretation of results V. RESULTS

Structural models Interior column analysis

Fig. 1. Plan of conventional & braced & diagrid building

Fig. 2. Interior column

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
60
70

Bending Moment in KN.m

Axial Force in KN

50
60
40 Diagrid Diagrid
Building 50 Buildin
30 g
Normal 40
20 Building Normal
30 Buildin
10 Braced g
20
Building Braced
0 10 Buildin
Storey 0 g
Fig. 3.Comparison of Shear Force Gr flr 1st 6th 14th 20th
Storey
60 Fig. 7.Comparison of Shear Force.
50
Bending Moment in KN-

40 Footing Column Analysis

Diagrid
30 Building
20 Normal
m

10 Building
0 Braced
Building

Storey
Fig. 4.Comparison of Bending Moment.

Beam Analysis
Fig. 8. Column footing location

Fig. 5. Beam location

70
60
Shear Force in KN

50 Diagrid
40 Building Fig. 9. Comparisons of Shear force.
30 Normal
Building
20
Braced
10
Building
0
Gr flr 1st 6th 14th 20th
Storey

Fig. 6.Comparison of Shear Force.

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Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Material Comparison
Quantity of Conventional Diagrid Braced
Material Building Building Building

Volume of 1660 1115 1860

Concrete in
Cu.m
Weight of 1329 958 1358
Steel in kN

VI. CONCLUSION

1. There is a reduction in various lateral and gravity loads

parameters as compare to other frame structure which is
useful in high rise building where lateral loads govern
Fig. 10. Comparisons of Bending Moment. the design.
2. As diagrid frame structures does not have corner
Time period comparisons columns as compared to other structural frame system
(Conventional and Braced Frame System) due to which
there is a reduction in displacement of top storey and
6 also column less corners gives better view and
5 Braced aesthetically appearance.
3. Diagrid helps in sustainable development as amount of
Time period in sec

Building
4 construction material required is less and energy is saved
due to less obstruction to incoming light at the periphery
3 Diagrid of building.
Building 4. Material saving property: Although quantity of concrete
2 used in building’s is approx. Same, but diagrid shows
1 more economical in terms of steel used. Diagrid building
Conventio
saves about 28 to 30% steel without affecting the
nal
0 structural efficiency.
Building
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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