Cellulose fibers Impurities presents in textile fibers

Natural Textile fibers ( Cellulose )

Substances Seed Fibers Bust Fibers Leaf Fibers

Cotton Coir Kapok Jute Flax Ramie Hemp Abaca Pina Sisal

Cellulose 90 43.44 35-65 65.2 71.2 68.6-76.2 74.3 56-63 78-87 71.5

Hemi 2 0.25 23.0 22.2 18.5 13.1-16.7 17.9 20-25 9.48 18.1
Cellulose

Protein 1-1.5 0 36.90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Pectin 1 3.00 23.0 0.2 2.0 1.9 0.9 2-3 2.3

Ash 0 2.22 5.87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Wax 0.5 0 23.10 0.6 0 0.3 0 0 0 0.5

Lignin 2 45.84 13.0 12.2 2.2 0.6-0.7 3.7 7-13 4.78 5.9

Soluble 1 05.25 1.5 1.7

Substance

Protein fibers Impurities presents in textile fibers

Natural Textile fibers (Protein )

Substances Wool Substances Silk Substances Mohair

Wax (grease)
Keratin 33 Fibroin 70-80 5
content of fleece
Saponification
Dirt 26 Sericin 20-30 125 – 135
Value (mg KOH/g)

Suint 28 Wax 0.4-0.8 Acid Value 14.5

Fat 12 Carbohydrates 1.2-1.65 Iodine value 15

Mineral Matter 1 Inorganic Matter 0.7 Acids (%) 55

Unsaponifiable
Pigment 0.2 45
Fraction

Ester Value 115

 Cellulose fibers Physical properties in textile fibers

Natural Textile fibers ( Cellulose )

Substances Seed Fibers Bust Fibers Leaf Fibers

Cotton Coir Kapok Jute Flax Ramie Hemp Abaca Pina Sisal

10-60
Length mm
20-150 mm 20 mm 1.5-200 mm 5-900 mm 900-1200 5-55 mm 5-6 mm 3-9 mm 180-600 mm

Tensile
Strength 287-800 95-230 393-773 320-800 345-2000 400-1000 368-800 400-980 170-1627 350-700
(MPa)
Density
1.5 - 1.6 1.15 - 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.10 1.0 - 1.55 1.24 1.48 1.34
gm/cm3

Elongation
5 - 10 30 25 1.5 - 1.8 1- 4 1.2 - 3.8 1.6 1 - 10 2-6 2-7
at break %

Very
Resiliency Low High Medium bad Very poor High
poor
Medium Bad bad

Moisture
8.5 13 10.9 17 12 8.5 12 14 65 14
Regain %

Specific
1.54 1.10-1.37 1.39 1.48 1.50 1.20 1.40 1.30 – 1.50 1.30 - 1.40 1.10-1.16
Gravity

Abrasion
Medium Good Good Moderate Medium Medium Good Moderate Medium Good
resistance
Cream Cream to
Yellowis
white, light
Brown & Yellowish Golden Yellowish h grey to Ivory-
Color yellowish
White brown brown to Grey
Pure White
deep
purple to
white
White
white, brown or
brown
Grey black
Highly
Lusture High Medium Low Medium Brighter High
bright
Medium High High

Melting
149 º C 120 º C 90 º C 193 º C 160 º C 225 º C 260 º C 200 º C 180 º C 100 º C
point
The heat
The effect Linen has
retention of The
The heat of heat an
kapok was properties
deflection treatment is excellent Hemp
better than of ramie
Decompo temperatur the highest resistance fiber has The effect of
that of fibers
ses when e about 150 in the case to an The effect The effect heat
other fibers treated by
exposed º C and 200 where the degradatio excellent of heat of heat treatment is
Effect of due to the thermal
at the º C fore 10, temperature n by heat. resistanc treatment treatment the highest
Heat static treatments
temperat 20 and 30 is 120 It is less e to is the is the the
immobile at 160 º C
ure about min to degrees affected degradat Medium. Medium. temperature
air held in under
300 F simulate centigrade than ion by about 130 º C
the large nitrogen &
processing & the time cotton heat.
lumen air
condition. is half an fiber by
region of atmosphere
hour. the heat.
kapok.
It has
It has
medium It has It has It has
It has low It has enough
ability to medium It has good It has enough Medium It has low
ability to enough ability to
protect ability to ability to enough ability to ability to ability to
Effect of prevent the ability to prevent
sun light. prevent the prevent the ability to prevent prevent prevent the
Sun Light bad effect prevent the the bad
Prolong bad effect bad effect protect the bad the bad bad effect of
of sun bad effect effect of
exposure of sun of sun light. sun light. effect of effect of sun light.
light. of sun light. sun
weakens light. sun light. sun light.
light.
fiber
 Protein, Mineral & Regenerated, Synthetic fibers Physical properties.

Natural Textile fibers Man-Made Fibers

Substances Protein Regenerated / Synthetic
Wool Silk Mohair Viscose Polyester Nylon 6.6 Acetate Lyocell Acrylic

Density gm/cm3 1.29 1.10 1.27 – 1.31 1.6 – 1.54 1.39 1.14 1.32 1.27 1.16

D. 1 - 1.7 3.5-5 4.1-5.7 CN/dtex 3.9-6.6 CN/dtex

Tensile Strength W. 0.8-1.6 gm/den
1.2 CN/dtex 24-26 MPa
580-800 MPa 440-750 MPa
12-110 Mpa 19 cN/tex Good

Dry 40 -42
3–30 25 - 40 5–25 2.4 – 3.2 5-7 4.5 – 8.5 0.9 – 1.4 CN/dtex 2 - 4.2
Tenacity cN/tex cN/tex cN/tex gm/den gm/den gm/den gm/den Wet 34-38 gm/den
CN/dtex

Extremely
Absorbency Excellent Excellent Good Lower Bad Low Low
absorbent
Low

Elongation at 25 - 35 20 - 25 20-40 19 - 20 15 - 45 Very good Very good 12-15 20 – 55

break %
Resiliency High High Good Not good High Good Not good good Very good

Moisture Regain % 16 11 14 -15 13 0.4 4.0 6.0 11 1 – 2.5

Specific Gravity 1.32 1.25 - 1.34 1.30 1.52 1.38 1.14 1.25-1.35 1.55 1.17

Abrasion
Excellent Very good Good Less Excellent Excellent Moderate Moderate Good
resistance
Yellow,
White, White White or White or
Color Black
Brown,
Cream
White White
Cream Color less
White Off-white
Green

Light to Bright to Light to

Lusture Bright Bright Bright
Bright
Bright
light bright
Bright Bright

Dry 10-30,
Not so Very
Elasticity High
good elastic
Good Good bad Low wet 15- Low
20%
It has
burning
It will properties
At 130 remain like
degree unaffected cotton,
centigrade for It can It can and loses It can
, it Good Good
Melting at strength
prolonged protect up protect up protest up
Effect of Heat decompose periods at
conductor conductor
205 º C to 150 º C to 275 º C above 149. to 150 º C
of heat of heat
s and 140 º C silk tempn tempn It chars & tempn
turns decompose decompose
yellow d at 175 º d at 177 to
C 204 Rayon
do not
melt
Wool is It has
weakened good
by Sun light resistance
prolonged tends to Turns to
exposure encourage yellow, sunlight,
Good but
to the retains 70- but
ultra violet
Effect of Sun Light sunlight. decomposi Good
ray
80% Excellent Good prolonged Excellent
The tion of silk tenacity at exposure
damages
becomes by long cause loss
discolored atmospher exposure of strength
and ic oxygen &
develops a yellowing
harsh feel. of fabric.
 Cellulose fiber Chemical properties
Substances
Fibers Scouring Bleaching Acid Alkalis Dye Organic
Mildew Insects
NaOH NaCO3 H2O2 NaClO3 Ca(OCl)Cl Strong Weak Strong Weak ability Solvent
Good
Attacked by
(Reactive, High Not
Cotton S S SB SB A NA NA NA Direct,
Fungi &
resistance Attacked
Bacteria
Sulpher)

Coir

Kapok
Good
Jute NS S SB SB A A A NA (Basic Dye)
Prevented - -

Attacked by
Insoluble High Not
Flax NS S SB SB A NA NA NA (Vat, Direct)
Fungi &
resistance Attacked
Bacteria

Ramie
Not Not
Hemp S S SB SB A NA NA NA Insoluble Affected
Affected Attacked

Abaca

Pina

Sisal

Protein fiber Chemical properties

Substances
Fibers Scouring Bleaching Acid Alkalis Dye Organic
Mildew Insects
NaOH NaCO3 H2O2 NaClO3 Ca(OCl)Cl Strong Weak Strong Weak ability Solvent
Good (Acid,
Wool NS S SB NS NS A A A NA Mordent)
Affected Affected Attacked

Good
(Reactive, Not
Silk NS S SB NS NS A NA A NA Acid,
Affected Insoluble
Attacked
Pigment)

Man-Made fiber Chemical properties

Substances
Fibers Scouring Bleaching Acid Alkalis Dye Organic
Mildew Insects
NaOH NaCO3 H2O2 NaClO3 Ca(OCl)Cl Strong Weak Strong Weak ability Solvent
Viscose Good High
NS S SB SB SB A NA A NA (Direct, Vat)
-
resistance
-
Rayon
Good
- -
Polyester NS S SB SB S A NA A NA (Disperse, Good
Reactive)
Good
Not
Acrylic NS S NB SB SB NA NA A NA (Basic, Excellent Not good
Attacked
Acid)
(Direct,
Nylon 6 S S NS NS NS A A NA NA Acid Dye)
Prevented Soluble Attacked

Not Not
Acetate NS NS CB SB S A NA A A -
Affected
Soluble
Attacked
Reactive Not
Lyocell NS NS NS S S NA A NA A dye
Resistance Resistance
Attacked

Notation: SB = Suitable for bleaching,

SBC = Suitable for bleaching under special condition,

CB = Compatible with fiber shown and so may be used on blend,

SD = Suitable for desizing,

NS = Not Suitable.