g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf / cfjZostf af/] Ps

cWoog

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno,sfg'g ;+sfo,g]kfn n SofDk;

Pn=Pn=aL t]>f] aif{df cwfl/t ;f]wkq-OG6g{lzk_
k|:tfjgf
@)&$

k|:t'tstf{
z}n]Gb| s'df/ u'Ktf
 Pn=Pn=aL,t]>f] aif{
SofDk; /f]n g+=–@*&$÷@)&@
lq=lj=b=g+=M (–@–#@$–!#%–@)!)
kl/Iff /f]n g+M ====================

ljifo;"rL(Table of contents)
k[i7

!=!
k[i7e"dL(Background)===============================
===========================================!
!=@ ;d:ofsf] syg(Statement of the
Problem)========================================
=@
!=# cWoogsf] p2]Zo(Objectives of the
Study)==========================================
=#
!=$ cWoogsf] dxTj(importance of the
Study)==========================================
#
!=% cWoogsf] ;Ldf(Limitation of the
Study)==========================================
==$
!=^ cWoogsf] k¢lt(Methodology of the
Study)=======================================$
!=& k'j{ ;flxTosf] k'g/fjnf]sg(Literature
Review)=======================================%
!=* cWoogsf] ;+/rgf(Organization of the
Study)====================================%
!=( ;dosf] ;Ldf(Time
Limit)==========================================
=========================^
!=!) ;Gbe{ ;dfu|
L(Bibliography)===================================
============================&

kl/R5]b Ps
 (CHAPTER ONE)

kl/ro (Introduction)

!=! k[i7e"dL -Background_

cfhsf] ;dodf lj1fg,k|ljwL / ;~rf/ If]qdf pNn]vlgo / dxTjk'0f{ kl/jt{g
eO{/x]sf 5g\ . lj1fkg k|ljwL / ;~rf/sf] ljsf;sf sf/0f ljZjg} Pp6f ;fgf]
ufFpsf] ?kdf kl/jt{glzn 5. / o;/L eO{x]sf] ljsf; ;Fu;uF} sfg'gsf] ?
k/]vfdf klg kl/jt{g cfpg' :jefljs xf] .vf;ul/ ;DklQsf] wf/0ffdf klg
ljljwtf cfPsf] / To;sf] nfuL klg sfg'gsf] ckl/xfo{tf b]Vg ;lsG5 . xfn
ef}lts ;DklQ eGbf klg cef}lts ;DklQnfO{ al9 hf]8 lbg] qmddf af}l
¢s ;DklQ Ps hNbf]aNbf] pbfx/0f xf] . o; af}l¢s ;DklQn] JolQmdf
x'g] 1fg,l;k,of]Uotf / Ifdtfaf6 ;[hgf x'G5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ bzf{p5 . ;f]
a f}l¢s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fsf nfuL Joj:yf ul/Psf] clwsf/ g} af}l¢s
;DklQsf] clwsf/ xf] h;df ljleGg clwsf/x?sf] ljefhg dWo] k|ltlnkL
clwsf/ klg Ps xf] .
k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] cy{ s'g} klg /rgf, ;flxTo, snf, 1fg lj1fg / cGo
If]qdf df}lns P+j af}l¢s ?kn] k|:t't ul/Psf] /rgf ;dfu|Lsf] sfg'gL
clwsf/ /rgf jf l;h{gf tof/ ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfdf lglxt /x]sf] x'G5 .
To:tf JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ p;sf] df}lns P+j af}l¢s l;h{gfdf sfg'gåf/f
k|bfg ul/g] Psnf}6L clwsf/ g} k|ltlnkL clwsf/ xf] .
s'g} klg /rgf, /lrlotf,>Job[Zo, /rgf, kmf]6f] hGo /rgf Wjlg c+sg
;f+lults sfo{, n]vg sfo{ /rgf gf6\o jf g[To /rgf tyf k|:t'tL cflb ;dfu|
Lsf] gSsn ug{ gkfpg] ul/ xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f x]t' ;'/lIft clwsf/ g} k|
ltlnkL clwsf/ xf] eGg ;lsG5 . t/ To:tf l;h{gf /lrotf ;h{s jf af}l¢s
ju{af6 k|fKt l;h{gfsf] Psnf}6L clwsf/ l;lh{t JolQm jf ;+:yfdf
lglxt /xg] ePsf]n] /lrotfsf] l:js[tL jf cg'dlt ljgf s'g} klg :jfy{, cfly{s
nfe lng] jf Jofkfl/s lgotn] To;sf] k|ltlnkL pTkfbg,p2/0f jf h:tfsf] t:t}
pNn]v jf gSsn ug{' x'Fb}g . k|ltlnkL clwsf/n] dflg;n] u/]sf /rgf
clejfxssf] ;+/If0f ub{5 . To:tf] /rgf jf cleJolQm df}lns x'g'kb{5 . t/
k|ltlnkL clwsf/n] To:tf] /rgf jf k|:t'tL u'0f:tl/o, pkof]uL jf d'Nofjfg
x'g'kb{5 eGg] cfu|x /fVb}g k|ltlnkL clwsf/ :jtM k|fKt x'G5 . btf{ jf
cGo s['g} cf}krl/stf k]; ug'{ kb}{g . cfkm\gf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;
+s]t ;lhnf]sf] nfuL :jlR5s ?kdf btf{ u/fpg ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf]
kfOG5 .o;/L k|ltlnkL clwsf/n] s'g} Ps JolQmnfO{ geO{
;Dk'0f{ gful/ssf] cfkm\gf] lghL /rgf af/]sf] xs clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf
ub{5 .xfn g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ P]g @)%(k|rngdf 5 h'g k|ltlnkL
clwsf/ P]g @)@@ nfO{ @)%$ ;fndf z+;f]wg ul/ agfOPsf] lyof]
.o; P]g @)%( n] k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw JoVofsf nfuL bkmf @-
s_df /rgfsf] kl/efiff lbPsf] 5 . h;df /rgf eGGgfn] ;flxTo,snf,1fg /
lj1fg tyf cGo If]qdf df}lns P+j af}l¢s ?kn] k|:t't ul/Psf /rgf ;Demg'
kb{5 .
o;/L k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw P]gdf ePsf Joj:yfn] g]kfnL gful/ssf] k|
ltlnkL ;DalG w clwsf/sf] s;/L k|ltlglwTj P+j ;+/If0f ub{5<k|
ltlnkL clwsf/ leq s] s:tf s'/fx? kb{5g\< / cfpFbf] ;dodf o;n] af}l
¢s ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fdf s;/L d2t ug{]5 <;fy} o; clwsf/n]
/lrotfnfO{ s:tf] ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ /x]sf] 5 <eGg] h:tf ljifoa:'tx?sf]
sfg"gdf ePsf Joj:yf / cfjZostf ;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg k|Zgx?sf]
ljZn]if0f tyf cWoog ug{sf nflu o; ljifosf] 5gf}6 ul/Psf] 5.

!=@ ;d:ofsf] syg(Statement of the Problem)

x/]s af}l¢s JolQmTjx?df Ps cfkm\gf] snf / l;k x'G5 h'g p;n]
cfkm\gf] lhjgsf] cd'No k|utL dfGb5 . o; af/]df /fHon] klg Ps
km/s ;f]rsf ;fy To; snf / l;k k|lt >]o lbg / af}l¢s 1fgsf] rf]/L x'gaf6
hf]ufpg ljleGg sfg'gsf] Joj:y ul/lbg' bfloTj 7x{5 . o; ljifodf k'0f{ ?
kn] ;hu t'Nofpg k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] af/]df hfGg' ckl/xfo{tf 5 .o;/L
g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw ;Dk'0f{ s'/fx?sf] af/]df
1fgsf] ef]s d]6fpg] k|of; :j?k o;;Fu ;DalGwt lgDg k|Zgx?sf] pQ/
vf]Hg] k|oTg ub{} ;d:ofsf] sygsf] ?kdf lnPsf] 5' .
 xfn g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw k|rlnt P]g s'g s'g 5g <
 g]kfnsf] sfg'gdf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw s] s:tf] Joj:yfx? /x]sf
5g\ <
 g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] cfZostf jf dxTj lsg 5<

!=# cWoogsf] p2]Zo(Objectives of the Study)

g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DalGw ljleGg sfg'g lgdf{0fdf k|of;x? x'b}
cfPsf 5g\ . t/ o:tf sfg'gL Joj:yfx?sf] klxrfg ,jf:tljstf,JoVof h:tf
ljleGg kIfx?sf af/]df oyfy{ ?k yfxf kfpg' x/]s af}l¢s JoltmTjsf]
cfjZostf xf] . o; kIfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL of] zf]wkq tof/ ug{] plrt
7fg]sf] 5' . s'g} klg cWoog jf sfo{nfO{ ;lx ;'ne / :ki6 ljZn]if0fsf
cwf/df ;kmn kfg{ ;j{k|yd p2]Zosf] lgwf{/0f ug{'kb{5 . p2]Zosf]
lgwf{/0f ul/;s]kl5 dfq lgwf{l/t nIodf k'Ug jf k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L
o; cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zox?sf ?kdf lgDg s'/fx? /x]sf 5g .
 xfn g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ af/] ePsf Joj:yf af/] ljZn]if0f ul/g]
5.
  Ps /lrotfn] cfkm\gf] /rgfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ ug{'kg{] sfo{x?
atfpg]5 .
 g]kfnsf] gful/snfO{ k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] cfjZstf / dxTjaf/]
bzf{pg]5 .
!=$ cWoogsf] dxTj(importance of the Study)
o; cg';Gwfgn] g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df ePsf sfg'gL Joj:yf tyf o;sf]
cfjZostfsf af/]df k'0f{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] 5 egL lj:j:t 5' . g]kfnL
kl/j]znfO{ cGt{/fli6«o :t/df h:t} ;sfTds jftfj/0f lgdf{0fdf
dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng] 5 .xfn x/]s JolQmsf] rf;f]sf] ljifo aGb}
uPsf] o; k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DaGwLsf] Gofof]lrt sfo{ / sfg'gL Joj:yf
af/] cWoog ug'{ clt cfjZos /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}n] s:tf
sfo{nfO{ g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] dfGotf lbPsf] / s:tf sfo{ k|ltlnkL
;DaGwL ck/fw x'g] h:tf s'/fx?sf] hjfkm lbg] ePsf]n] o; cWoogsf]
dxTj b]lvG5 .
ctM o; cWoogn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] kl/j]z cWoog ul/ af}l4s
;DklQsf] ;+/If0fsf nfuL hfgsf/Lsf] Ps s]Gb| x'g]5 .;fy} o; cWoogn]
lt ;Dk'0f{ s'/fx? ;d]6\g] 5 h;df k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] sfg'gL Joj:yf tyf
o;sf] cfjZostf af/] k|sfz kfg{] 5. / g]kfnsf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/ P]gdf
pNn]lvt dxTjk'0f{ ljifoa:t'sf] lain]if0f ;lxt Ps b:tfj]h tof/ x'g]5 h'g
;a} lj4fg ju{sf nfuL k|ltlnkL sfo{af/] ;'glZrt x'g Ps ;l~hjgL a'6L
ag]/ ;a}sf nfuL pkof]uL x'g]5 egL ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
!=% cWoogsf] ;Ldf(Limitation of the Study)
x/]s cg';Gwfgsf cf–cfkm\g} l;dfx? /x]sf x'G5g\ . of] zf]wkq n]vgdf
klg s]lx l;dfx? /x]sf 5g\ . of] zf]wkq d'ntM Pn=Pn=la= t];|f] jif{sf]
kf7\qmddf cfwf/Lt eO{ cf+lzs cfjZostf k'/f ug]{ p2]Zon] tof/ ul/g]
5 . t;y{ of] cWoogn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf af/]df ljleGg
kIfx? /x]sf 5g\ h; dWo] o; cWoogn] g]kfnsf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf]
xfnsf] Joj:yfnfO{ :ki6 kfb}{ o;sf] cfjZostf af/] dfq o; cWoogdf
;d]l6g] /x]sf] 5 . o; cWoogdf o; k|ltlnkL clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx?
s]nfpg] k|of; ul/g] 5}g dfq g]kfnsf] k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] Ps g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ o;sf] cfjZstf lsg 5 eGg] k|Zgsf ;fy} o; clwsf/sf] xfnsf]
Joj:yfaf/] cWoog cg'';Gwfg ul/g] 5 . eGg] ;+s'lrt kIf /x]sf]n]
o;s'/fnfO{ o; cWoogsf] ;Ldfleq /flvPsf] 5 .

!=^ cWoogsf] k¢lt(Methodology of the Study)

;f]wsfo{ ;DkGg ug{ laz]if u/L ;fdu|L ;Íngsf nflu k|ltlnkL
clwsf/;DaGwL sfg"gsf] cWoog ;fdu|L tyf hfgsf/L lng]] 5' . tyf k|
ltlnkL clwsf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/ x'g :jo+d cbfntsf] e|d0f ;d]t ug{] 5' .
of] cWoog vf;ul/ ljZn]if0ffTds / ljj/0ffTds k|s[ltsf] x'g]5 . o;df
ljwLzf:q / sfg'gsf] l;4fGt cg'?k :yflkt sfg'gL df'Gotf / sfg'gL
l;4fGtx?sf clwg /x]/ ul/g] x'g] ePsf]n] o; cWoogdf ;}4flGts
cg';Gwfg k4ltnfO{ / ljBdfg sfg'gx? slt k|efjsf/L 5g,s:tf s:tf kIfx?
nfO{ s:tf] sfg'g 5, Joxf/df ;DalGwt sfg'g lsg rflxPsf] xf], h:tf kIfx?
df ljZn]if0f u/L ;f]xL cwf/df lgZsif{ lgsfnLg] x'bfF ljZn]if0ffTds
k4tLsf] klg k|of]u ul/g] 5 .t;y{ o; cWoogdf ;}4flGts cg';Gwfg k4lt-
Doctrinal research method) / ljZn]if0ffTds cg';Gwfg k4lt-
Analytical research method _nfO{ ljz]if dxTj lbOg] 5 .
!=& k'j{ ;flxTosf] k'g/fjnf]sg(Literature Review)
o; ug{ nfluPsf] cWoogsf] ljifodf cWoog cg';Gwfg ePtf klg
cToGt} sd dfq hfgsf/L ePsf]n] yk hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ o;
cWoogsf] cfjZos /x]sf] 5 h;sf nfuL cWogdf d'Votof g]kfnsf k|d'v
kqklqsfdf cfwfl/t eO ljleGg n]v /rgfx? sfg"g ;Fu ;DalGwt a'n]l6gx?,
ljlEfGg kqkqLsfdf 5fkLPsf lgjf{rg ;u ;DalGwt cfn]vx?, k':tsx? sf ;fy}
k'j{ ljwfyL{x?n] tof/ kf/]sf zf]wkqx? ;d]tnfO{ d'Vo ljZn]if0ffTds ?kdf
cWoog ug]{ k|d'v cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 .

!=* cWoogsf] ;+/rgf(Organization of the Study)

o; cWoogdf k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] Joj:yf tyf cfjZstf;Fu ;DjlGwt d'Vo

ljifox?nfO{ oyfzlQm ;d]6\g] sf]lz; ul/g]5 . cWoognfO{ lgDg
kl/R5]bx?df afF8]/ cWoog ul/g] 5 M

kl/R5]b–! kl/ro
kl/R5]b–@M ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff
kl/R5]b–#M g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ sfg'gsf] Oltxf;
kl/R5]b–$M g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/;DjlGw sfg'gL Joj:yf
kl/R5]b–%M k|ltlnkL clwsf/sf] cfjZostf / dxTj
kl/R5]b–^M cWoogsf] ljZn]if0f
kl/R5]b–&M lgisif{ / ;'emfj
 !=( ;dosf] ;Ldf(Time Limit)

g]kfndf k|ltlnkL clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfgsf] JoVof /

cfjZostfaf/]sf] of] cWoog ljZjljBfnon] tf]s]sf] lglZrt ;doleq tyf
g]kfn n SofDk;n] tf]s]sf] ;do l;df leq} k"/f ul/ k]z ug{]5' .
;Gbe{ ;dfu|L
 d'n'sL P]g, !(!)
 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@
 ;+lIfKt sfo{ljwL P]g, @)@*
 gofF d'n'sL P]g, @)@)
 k|ltlnkL clwsf/ P]g, @)%(
 k|ltlnkL clwsf/ lgofdfjnL, @)^!
 k]6]G6 l8hfOg / 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@
 u'0flglw Gof}kfg], ;DklQ sfg'g, rf}yf] ;+:s/0f, sf7dfF8f},n'lDagL
k|sfzg,@)&#,k[= @%@
 rGb|k|;fb ;+h]n, ;DklQ sfg'g, n'lDagL k|sfzg, k|
bzgL{dfu{ sf7dfF8f},@)&#,k[= !^%

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