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Physiology Quiz Answers

Associative learning is a principle where ideas and experiences reinforce each other through links or associations. It is a powerful teaching strategy that can be used in classroom management. For example, a student may learn that misbehaving means losing recess time. Both positive and negative reinforcement can modify student behavior by associating good work or behavior with rewards, while poor behavior is associated with punishment like losing recess. Teachers can condition students to repeat behaviors linked to reinforcement and avoid behaviors linked to punishment.

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76 views3 pages

Physiology Quiz Answers

Associative learning is a principle where ideas and experiences reinforce each other through links or associations. It is a powerful teaching strategy that can be used in classroom management. For example, a student may learn that misbehaving means losing recess time. Both positive and negative reinforcement can modify student behavior by associating good work or behavior with rewards, while poor behavior is associated with punishment like losing recess. Teachers can condition students to repeat behaviors linked to reinforcement and avoid behaviors linked to punishment.

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Ghulam Abbas
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Associative learning: 

Associative learning is a principle that states that ideas and experiences reinforce each other and
can be linked to one another, making it a powerful teaching strategy. Associative learning can be
used in classroom management techniques
For example, a student might know that if she misbehaves in class, she will not be permitted to
go out for recess. This type of learning can be helpful in classroom management.
Much like conditioning, associative memory can be called upon based on the relationship
between two stimuli. Using both positive and negative reinforcers, teachers can help students
modify their behavior.
Some examples of positive reinforcement are:

 Awarding good grades for work that is well done.


 Verbally rewarding students for their effort and hard work.

By using positive reinforcement, teachers can condition students to associate good work and
good behavior with a reward. On the other hand, negative reinforcement can be used to punish
students for poor behavior.
Some examples of negative reinforcement are:

 Removing recess from students who 'act out' in class.


 Taking points off work that is turned in late.

Operant conditioning 

Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for
behavior. Through operant conditioning, an individual makes an association between a behavior
and a consequence 

Operant conditioning involves changing voluntary behaviors. A behavior response is followed by


either reinforcement or punishment. Reinforcement following a behavior will cause the behavior
to increase, but if behavior is followed by punishment the behavior will decrease.
There are two types of reinforcement. Positive reinforcement refers to the addition of
something positive. Examples of this would be offering praise or a treat when a desired behavior
is displayed. 
Negative reinforcement occurs when something undesirable is removed whenever a behavior is
displayed. Examples of this would be taking aspirin to get rid of a headache or doing the dishes
to avoid a fight with your roommate.
Because of its name, negative reinforcement is often confused with punishment. The key
difference is that negative reinforcement involves the removal of a negative consequence to
increase the likelihood of a response.
Classical conditioning 
Classical conditioning is a form of learning whereby a conditioned stimulus becomes associated
with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus in order to produce a behavioral response known as
a conditioned response. The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously
neutral stimulus.

Classical conditioning occurs when you learn to associate two different stimuli. No behavior is
involved. The first stimulus that you will encounter is called the unconditioned stimulus. An
unconditioned stimulus produces a response without any previous learning. This response is
called an unconditioned response.
For an example of a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response, let us imagine a kiss.
Kissing creates involuntary arousal responses; it causes you to experience an elevated heart rate,
for example. This is a natural response, it is not learned, and it happens automatically. The
unconditioned stimulus in this example is the kiss, and the elevated heart rate is the
unconditioned response.

Reinforcement
Reinforcement. The term reinforce means to strengthen and is used in psychology to refer to any
stimuli which strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response.
There are four types of reinforcement: positive, negative, punishment, and extinction. 

Types:
Positive Reinforcement:
Something Good can start or be presented: behavior increases.
Negative Punishment:
Something Good can end or be taken away: behavior decreases.
Positive Punishment:
Something Bad can start or be presented: behavior decreases.
Negative Reinforcement:
Something Bad can end or be taken away, so behavior increases.
Physical punishment is associated with increased child aggression, antisocial behavior, lower
intellectual achievement, poorer quality of parent child relationships, mental health problems,
and diminished moral internalization.
Positive punishment involves adding an aversive consequence after an undesired behavior is
emitted to decrease future responses. Negative punishment includes taking away a certain
reinforcing item after the undesired behavior happens in order to decrease future responses.
Teachers sometimes find punishment to be effective as a classroom behavior management tool,
especially in the short term. Because punishment tends to rapidly stop problem behaviors, the
teacher in turn is positively reinforced for using it.

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