2017 (1) 18 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫مجلة العلوم ٕالانسانية‬

SUST Journal of Humanities
Available at:
http://scientific-journal.sustech.edu/

‫ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ‬

"‫"ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ – ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻤﺭﻤﺤﻤﺩﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﺩﺭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻭﺽ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺴﻨﺩ‬

‫ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬-‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
: ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻓﻥ‬، ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬، ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺇﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺇﺸﺘﻬﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺩﻝﻭﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ ﻓﻘﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺒﺈﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﺤﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻱ‬، ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺘﺤﻔﺔ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺇﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺎﺸﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬
‫ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‬، ‫ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭ ﺃﺒﺩﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬، ‫ﻓﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
.‫ ﻭ ﺃﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﻋﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬، ‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‬
. ‫ ﺍﻝﻤﺂﺫﻥ‬، ‫ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ‬، ‫ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﺎﺒﻴﻙ‬، ‫ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ‬:‫ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
ABSTRACT:
This study aimed to highlight formation aesthetics in Islamic
Islamic decoration units in
Alnour Mosque of Kafouri in Khartoum in which the aesthetic values, forms are
colours are featured as well as specifying the relationship between the belief (i.e.
religion) and Islamic architecture. The study also has focused on the extent of
progress made by Islamic architecture and revive this glorious artistic heritage. The
researcher has chosen AlNour Mosque in Kafouri area as a model simply because it is
an architecture of Mosque in Sudan. The researcher has adopted the descriptive.
descript
Analytical method which is in line with the nature of the research where five
distinctive models of Islamic decoration have been chosen in this Mosque, these
models were analyzed technically and the study has arrived at the following important
finding:: the study has revealed that the Islamic decoration in Alnour Mosque is
considered as an innovative art through its dependence on red axis, the Muslim artist
creativity expressed what is red, he also highlighted the global nature of decoration
and how to apply it to mosques and religious places in Sudan.

SUST Journal of Humanities Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017)

ISSN (text): 1858-6724 ISSN (online): 1858-6732
e-ISSN
177
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Key words: Domes , windows ,stalactitesminarets .‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺍﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻐﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩ ﺸﺭﻗﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻴﺒﻴﺭﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺒﺎﻫﻰ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻹﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﻤﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﻋﺼﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻰ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻓﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺃﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺠﻬل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﻤﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﺤﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺜﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻴﺫﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫‪.‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺯﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﻤﺯﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﺎ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ ‪،‬ﻓﺄﻭل ﻋﻤل ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ ‪622‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻴﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻴﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﻝﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻻﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻝﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺎﺴﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ)ﻋﻔﻴﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻬﻨﺴﻰ‪1998‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪(26‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﺃﺸﻜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﻗﺘﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺠﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻼﺓ ) ﻜﻭﻨل ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻨﺴﺕ ‪1966 ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺹ‪. (11‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺠﺴﺩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‪.‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺘﺤﻔﺔ ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻔﻥ ﺍﺇﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺎ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻰ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ‬
‫‪،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻵﺘﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﻰ ﺤﺎﺹ ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻻ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻨﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ؟‬
‫ﺍﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻤﻘﺔ ﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﻜﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻓﻨﻭﻥ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﺤﺜﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ /‬ﺘﻭﻁﻴﺩ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﻝﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺏ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ _ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ _ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺝ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﺫ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﹰﻠﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ‬
‫‪ /2‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻀﺭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﻰ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﻌﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ )،‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻥ(‬
‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻫل ﻜل ﻓﺭﺩ ﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺱ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺩﺱ ﻗﺒﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻭﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻔﻴﻥ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻭﻝﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺒﺤﺎﺜﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺨﺭ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻗﻼﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻋﺠﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺠﻴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺸﻌﻠﺔ ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻨﺤﻔﺯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻗﻬﻡ ﻭﺫﺍﻜﺭﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻭﻓﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﺼﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻓﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﻤﺱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ‪.‬ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﺭﺓ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﺏ‪ /‬ﺘﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻰ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻻ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﺒﻁﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﻨﻌﺕ ﺒﺄﻴﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺯﻨﻁﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺒﻘﻰ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺭﺍﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻤﻴﻥ ‪ )،‬ﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻥ ( ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺩﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻨﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻅل ﻜﻨﺯﺍ ﻋﻅﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺼﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل ﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﻕ ﻜل ﺨﻴﺎل ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﺀﻯ ﻭﺘﺘﺠﺴﺩ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﻻﺤﺕ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻻﻝﺒﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻭﺨﻁ ﻭﻨﻤﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴﻕ ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻰ ﻝﻠﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺸﺨﻭﺼﺎ ﺭﺴﻤﻭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﻁﻬﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺴﺘﺤﻠﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺍ ﻝﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﺒﻀﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻘﺕ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﻴﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻻ ﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻨﺸﻭﺀ ﺃﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻨﻰ ﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﻭﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻗﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺯﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻝﻴﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻤﺱ ﻭﺼﻭﻻ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻰ ﻭﺩﻻﻻﺕ ﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺩﻝﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻴﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻗﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﻀﺤ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ ﺒﻌﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻝﻜﺭﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﻭﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺜﺎﺙ ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻤﻨﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺤﻭﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﻼﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻨﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻑ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭﺕ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺡ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﺒﺩﻻﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔﻭﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﻻﺘﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭ ﻭﺃﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﻡ ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﻥ ﻴﻔﻜﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻅﻤﺔ ﻤﻠﻜﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺒﺩﻻﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭل ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻼﻙ ﻭﺃﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺼﺎﺼﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺸﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﻭل ﻋﻘﺎﺌﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺴﺒﺤﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺸﻜل ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻴﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻤل ﻓﻨﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻤﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺌل ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻼﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ)ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺍﺱ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺫﺍﺩ( ‪.‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻻﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺸﺎﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺸﻜﻠﺕ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺍﺒﻴﺴﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﺍ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻬﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺄﻝﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﻘﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺒﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻲ "ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ" ‪":‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻴﺤﺏ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤل ﺃﺤﺩﻜﻡ ﻋﻤﻼ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻘﻨﻪ" ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺯﻭﻴﻕ ‪.‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﻀﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺩﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ) ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺸﺎ‪ ، 1981 ،‬ﺹ‪_24‬‬
‫‪(26‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﻭﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻅل ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﺎ ﺒﺴﻤﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ) ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻰ ‪ ،2000 ،‬ﺹ‪. (341 _252‬‬
‫ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻨﺯﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻴﻐﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺁﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﺘﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل ﺃﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺌﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴل ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺸﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺍﺤﻴﺎﻨﺎ ﺒﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﻝﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺎ ﻭﻤﻜﺭﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺒﻌﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺦ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻁ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻨﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻨﻤﺎﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻓﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﻫﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺤﺼﺭﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‪).‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪. ( 189‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﺼﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻭﻗﻔﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻴﺤﺒﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﺘﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴل ﻭﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ‪.‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻫﻰ ﻜل ﻋﻤل ﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻨﺠﺯﻩ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺒﺘﺩﺒﺭﻋﻘﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺎﺸﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﻗﺴﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﺴﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ) ﻨﻌﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺵ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ( ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻤل ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﺴﻭﺱ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺎﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻜل ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﻘﻭل ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ) ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻨﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ( ﻓﺎﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺜﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺜﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻘﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻝﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻤﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻺﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻴﺎل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺄﻝﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﺯﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬ﻓﺎﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺯﺨﺎﺭﻓﻪ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻭﻤﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺒﻬﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻠﻔﺘﺔ ﻝﻸﻨﻅﺎﺭ) ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻯ ‪1992 ،‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻌل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺩﺍﻨﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﻬﺎﺍﻷﻝﻔﻰ‪1967‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻍ ‪ -‬ﺴﻁﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﺍﻗﻪ ﻭﺯﻫﻭﺭﻩ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﺴﻡ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺸﻤﺎل ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺒﺄﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩ)‬
‫ﺨﻨﻔﺭ ‪2000 ،‬ﻡ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷِﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺘﻘﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﺸﻜﺎل ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ) ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻤل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺄﺜﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﺃﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﻭﻋﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻅﻬـﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻋ ﹰﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻗﻼﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻁﻭﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺼﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻠﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻭﻤـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺨﻔﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺒﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ‪12‬ﻡ ‪ ) .‬ﺒﺸﺎﻯ ‪،‬ﺹ‪.(398‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺯﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻁﺭﺍﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺩﻝﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ‪:‬ﻤﺭﻗﺎﺓ ﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺭﻴﺏ" ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ"‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ "ﺤﺭﺏ" ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻴﻬﺎﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺴﻔﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ " ﻗﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺫﻥ ﻴﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺂﺫﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ _ ﻤﺂﺫﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻁﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﻤﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺃﻴﺎ ﺼﻭﻓﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻐﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻤل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﻤﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻤﻊ ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺯﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺂﺫﻥ· ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ‪،‬ﺃﻭل ﻗﺒﺔ ﺒﻨﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﻬﻲ ﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻓﺔ‪.‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﻬﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻁﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻤﺜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺒﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺎﺸﻲ ﻁﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﻝﺠﻔﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻩ‪/‬ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﺤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺤﺭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻭﺃﺭﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﺠﺩﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﻕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻘﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ "ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻨﺒﺔ"‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺩﺍﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺼﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻴﻠﻘﻭﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﺴﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ· ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﺸﺘﻘﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺼﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺴﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻗﺎ ﻝﻴﻠﺘﻘﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺘﺫﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻷﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﻡ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺫﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺨل ﻝﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺴﻘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺨل‪ ، ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺠﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﻕ ﻭﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺘﻜﺯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺎﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﺎﺌﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺨﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻝﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺎل ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻡ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺤل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﻜﻌﺎﻤل ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ ﻜﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﻤﻴل ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺃﻗﺒل ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺂﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻘﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻙ‪ /‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻓﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﺎﺒﻴﻙ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺠﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻤﺤﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪:‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺌﻠﺔ· ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻨﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﺄﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎﺌﻠﺔ‪ ) .‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻯ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ _‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪/3‬ﻤﺴﺠﺩﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪:‬ﻨﺒﺫﺓ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﻊ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﻋﺸﺭﻭﺍﺤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﻜﻭﺒﺭ ‪.‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ 21,300 :‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ‪ 4,500 :‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ‪ -‬ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‪ 1,250 :‬ﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﺭﺍﺀ‪ 7,000 :‬ﻤﺘﺭﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬
‫‪،‬ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻨﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻗﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻭﻕ‪،‬ﻭﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﺭﺠﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺼﺎﻝﻭﻥ ﻻﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻪ ﻤﺼﺎﻋﺩ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻼﻝﻡ ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸﺎﺭﺫﻭﺍﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻭﻀﺄ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ‪.‬ﻴﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫‪ 1,500‬ﻤﺼﻠﻴﹰﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﻊ ﺒﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ‪ 3,500‬ﻤﺼﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺒﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺘﺴﻊ‬
‫‪ 6000‬ﻤﺼﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﻀﺨﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ ﻭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﺫﻫﻶ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻏﺎ ﺃﺸﻬﺭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﺸﺎ ﻭﺩﺍﺅﺩ ﺃﻏﺎ ﻭﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻭﻥ ﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﻕ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﻭﻴﺭﺴﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺴﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻲ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻜل ﺃﺸﻜﺎﻝﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻤﺂﺫﻥ ﺃﻯ ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪.‬ﻓﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﻗﻴل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺱ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ) ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ‪ ،2014 ،‬ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻏﺼﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻝﺴﻨﺒل ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻔﺴﺞ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻨﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻴﺎﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ‪،‬ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺩﺍﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﻓﺄﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﺇﺤﺴﺎﺴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺩﻭﺀﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻍ ‪،‬ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﺴﺩﺍﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺜﻨﺎﻋﺸﺭ ‪،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ‪ ،‬ﻤﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻓﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺩﻤﺠﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﺼﻌﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﻜﺘﺏ ) ﻻ ﺇﻝﻪ ﺇﻻﺍﷲ ( ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻑ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﺒﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺩﺍﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻭﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ‪،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﺎﺘﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺭﻓﺔ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﺭﺠل ﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻗﻭﺱ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﺓ ﻏﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺩﻯ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻨﻘﺸﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﺒﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻴﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻴﺴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﺁﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ ) ﻓﻭﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﻬﻙ ﺸﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﻡ ( ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل ﺘﻌﻠﻭﻩ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﻤﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺌﺫﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻗﻠﻡ ﺭﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻬﻰ ﻤﺜﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺂﺫﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻭﻫﺎ ﺘﺎﺝ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺵ ﺒﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺴﻔل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺝ ﺘﺎﺝ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺼﻤﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺠﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻝﺏ ﻭﺭﻜﺒﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺠﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻀﺄﺓ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻀﺄﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻰ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻗﺒﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻨﺤﺎﺴﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺼﻐﻴﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺨﺎﻤﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺜﻼﺜﻭﻥ ﻗﺒﺔ ﻤﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﺃﻯ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻜﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒل ﻭﺍﻝﻴﺎﺴﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﻼﺹ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻰ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ‪،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻓﺎﻝﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ) ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺎﺕ( ﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻝﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻀﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﺴﻔل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻜﺘﺒﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﻰ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺤﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﻕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﻁﺎﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻨﻘﺎ ﺴﺎﺤﺭﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﻝﺔ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﺘﻜﺭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻜﺘﺏ) ﻻﺇﻝﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ( ) ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺨﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ() ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩ ﷲ ( ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺃﻨﺼﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻯ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺨﻁﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻤﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ‪.‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ) ﺍﻝﻘﻤﺭﻴﺎﺕ(ﻓﻬﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﻤﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺘﻔﺘﺢ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺘﻐﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﻥ‪.‬ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﺸﺒﺎﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻤﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺘﻘﻔل ﺒﻠﻭﺡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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‫ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ‪،‬ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻋﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻠﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺂﺫﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺯ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺏ ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ )‪ (7‬ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﺫ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ )‪ (..7..‬ﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺠل ﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻰ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪،‬ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﺇﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍ‪ /‬ﻭﺼﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ‪-‬ﺏ‪ /‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ _ ﺝ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ‪ -‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ _ ﻩ‪ /‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ :‬ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻯ‬
‫• ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ‪ :‬ﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺯﺠﺎﺝ ‪ +‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(1) /0‬‬

‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻜل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻯ ﺒﻪ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ) ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ( ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻭﺍﺤﻴﻁﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺸﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ )ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻠﻡ ( ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺨﻁﺕ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺯﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻤﺘﺸﺎﻕ ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻁﺕ ﺒﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﺤﻴﻁﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻰ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻠﻘﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﺤﺎﻁﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﻴﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﻬﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻤﺎل ﺴﺎﺤﺭ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺇﺠﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ‪+‬ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪+‬ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ‪+‬ﺫﻫﺒﻰ ‪ +‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺌﻁ (‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪:‬‬ ‫•‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(2) /0‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
‫‪187‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻏﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻝﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻅﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺩﺙ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻰ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﻀﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺒﺩﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻝﺏ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ‪3‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺯﻫﺭﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺴﻴﺎﺕ (‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﻊ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺭﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻔﺴﺞ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺘﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪:‬ﺯﺠﺎﺝ ﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(3) /0‬‬

‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪:‬‬

‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺘﺸﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺠﺎﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻀﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺠﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺤﺭﹰﺍﻭﻫﻰ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺃﺒﺩﻉ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﺇﻤﺘﺩﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻭﺍﻓﺫ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻝﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﻓﻌ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻹﻨﻔﻌﺎﻻﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺤﻭﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺭﺌﻴﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀﺍﻝﺸﻤﺱ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺠﻌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺭﻭﺤﻰ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺭﻤﻭﺯﻭﺍﺒﺩﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺄﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻴﻤﻭﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻰ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻘل ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤل ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪4‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﺎﻋﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
‫‪188‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(4) /0‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻴﺽ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﺒﺩﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﺎﻋﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺭ ﻓﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺘﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻰ ﻓﻴﺸﻌﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺒﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﻁﻤﺄﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺎﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ‪5‬‬
‫• ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ :‬ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬
‫• ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﻊ‬
‫‪ +‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ‪+‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ‪+‬ﺍﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﻕ‬
‫• ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪:‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺌﻁ (‬
‫• ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﺎﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺯﺭﻕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺎﺫ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺴﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻗﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻔﺭ ﻓﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺸﺭﻗﺔ ﻓﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺭﺴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﺎﺴﻕ ﺃﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻠﻔﺘﺔ ﻭﺠﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﺄﻜﺩ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
‫‪189‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ‪،‬ﻓﺘﻜﺭﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ‪: 6‬‬
‫• ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬
‫• ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻭﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺘﺢ ‪+‬ﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ‬
‫‪+‬ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ ‪+‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ ‪+‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ‬
‫‪+‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ‪+‬ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ :‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﺒﻴﺽ‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(5) /0‬‬

‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺯﺨﺭﻑ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﻓﻬﻰ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻓﺎﻝﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺒﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﺭﺭﺓﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻘﺸﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﻯ ﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻠﺊ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒل ﻭﻏﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻨﻘﺸﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻼ ﺒﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻥ ) ﺍﻻﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻤﺽ (‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ ﻓﻬﻰ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻨﺎﺴﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺘﺢ ﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻏﺼﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻭﺩ ﻓﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻭ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺭﺍﺌﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﻓﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻗﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻰ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺘﺢ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺫﺍﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬
‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
‫‪190‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪6‬‬

‫• ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻰ‬
‫• ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‪ :‬ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ‬
‫)ﻏﺎﺌﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﻭﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ (‬
‫• ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻫﺒﻰ ) ﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ (‬
‫• ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ‪ :‬ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﻤﻠﻭﻥ‬

‫‪,-.‬ذج ر‪(6) /0‬‬

‫ﻭﺼﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻨﺼﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻨﻘﺸﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺩﻯ ﻭﺒﻪ ﺁﻴﺔ ) ﻓﻭﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻬﻙ ﺸﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﻡ ( ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ ﺒﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻫﺏ ﺒﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﺜﻠﺙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻁﻔﺊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﺎﻻ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﺸﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺍﺏ ﺘﺴﺭ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺱ ﺒﺠﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻓﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺩل ﺍﻴﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﻋﺒﻘﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ﺒﻜل ﺍﺸﻜﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺘﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﺘﻀﺢ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺭﻭﺤﻰ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻜﺭﻭﺡ ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺤﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭﺇﻨﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﻝﻠﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻰ ‪ .‬ﻭﺴﻤﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺭﺍﺒﻴﺴﻙ‬
‫ﻻﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻤل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻬﺫﺒﺔ ﺘﺭﻤﺯ ﻝﻠﻭﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﻫﻭﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻵﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺸﺎﻗﺔ ﺤﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺘﻀﺢ ﻝﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻰ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻜﺎﻓﻭﺭﻯ ﻝﻪ ﻗﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺃﻨﺴﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﻭﻀﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﻓﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺒﺘﻜﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ‪،‬ﻭﺃﺒﺩﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
‫‪e-ISSN‬‬
‫‪191‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ /3‬ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻬﺎ ﻁﺎﺒ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﻭﻫﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﻓﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﺘﺴﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻝﻠﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ /5‬ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺎﺸﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻨﻤﻁ ﹰﺎ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺼﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪/6‬ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﻠﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﺴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻭﺼﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ /1‬ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻨﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /2‬ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﻤﺴﺎﻕ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /3‬ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /4‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴل ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ /5‬ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺜل )ﺘﻭﻴﺘﺭ‪،‬ﻴﻭﺘﻴﻭﺏ( ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻔﻘﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪ /6‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻻ ﻭﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻋﻔﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺒﻬﻨﺴﻰ ‪1998 ،‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪،1‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻜﻭﻨل ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻨﺴﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻰ ‪1966 ،‬ﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺩﺭﺍﺱ ﺸﻬﺭﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻁﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺸﺎ )‪1981‬ﻡ(‪:‬ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻰ ﻁ‪1‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩ ﺸﺎﻓﻌﻰ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺤﻤﺩ‪ ، 1990 ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻭﺇﺒﺩﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻠﻤﻁ‪1410 ،1‬ﻫــ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﻨﻌﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ).‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ (‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻨﻡ‪،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻋﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪1992،‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺃﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫‪ .10‬ﺨﻨﻔﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻴﺅﻨﺱ ‪2000 ،‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ .11‬ﺒﺸﺎﻯ ‪ ،‬ﺴﺎﻤﻰ ﺯﺭﻭﻕ ‪ ) ،‬ﺩ_ ﺕ ( ‪ :‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﺔ ﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺯﺨﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ﺍﻷﻝﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ )‪1977‬ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻔﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪2017 (1) 18‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ .13‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺩﻯ ‪1998) ،‬ﻡ(‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ – ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﺎﻝﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .14‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍ ) ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ( ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ _ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩ ‪ :‬ﻓﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫‪ .15‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ) ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ( ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪2011 :‬ﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .16‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪2014‬ﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪10‬ﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ‬
‫‪ .17‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻤﻴﻥ ‪،‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪2015‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪11‬ﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻁﻭﻡ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ‪.‬‬

‫‪SUST Journal of Humanities‬‬ ‫)‪Vol.18.No. 1 March (2017‬‬

‫‪ISSN (text): 1858-6724‬‬ ‫‪e-ISSN (online): 1858-6732‬‬
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