Organization and

Text Mapping
Reading for General Interest
WHAT IS ORGANIZATION TEXT?
Organization

Organization is about identifying topics, main ideas, and supporting details.

 Topic is the broad, general theme or message.
 Main idea is the ‘key concept’ being expressed.
 Detail is major or minor information which support the main idea by telling
what, when, where, why, how, how much or how many.
 Helps you understand how an author thinks and helps you remember what
you read.
 Show the relationship between topic, main and supporting details in text.
What is Text Mapping?
Text Mapping

 is a technique to build skills for understanding text.

 is an alternative to understand a text and can be used strategically. It is
enabling, simple, basic tools which can be used for reading.
 Most text mapping techniques are extractive; they focus on details, keywords,
and phrases.
 Mapping is descriptive; it focuses on context.
● Show the relationship between parts and supporting details of the paragraph.
● Text mapping is indicated by signal words.
● Relationship and signal words can be found within sentences and between
sentences.
Simply!
● A graphic organizer technique
● Using

○ Scrolls

○ Colored markers

○ Mapping techniques
● Focusing on

○ Pre-reading

○ Text organization
The Benefits of Text Mapping

 Add visual elements and create concrete model for abstract ideas
 Provide a whole comprehensive model of the text
 Able to recognize and textual cues
 Create a model for writing
 Encourage active reading
 Link comprehension concretely to the text, the text itself becomes a map –
bridges the gap between text and the organizer
The Aims of Text Mapping

 Identifying relationship between one condition to the other (main idea and
supporting details),
 Locating and understanding the idea of the sentence and the point that the
writer is trying to express.
Implementation

1. Decide on the text elements that are important for your text such as heading,
illustrations, key words.
2. Choose the targeted text elements – create a key for the elements.
3. Identify features – that are relevant to your purposes targeted text.
Recognize the text then create text mapping.
4. Mark them – marking the features to see and understand just how direct is
the connection between marking and active reading. Mark what you find
important.
5. Identify relationship between the features and the important concepts.
What to Mark!

● Key word (signal word)

● Vocabulary
● Important concept or point
Types of Text Mapping

1. Cause and effect

The author uses one or more causes and the resulting effect
Key words
● Reasons why
● If then…
● As a result
● Therefore
● … because…
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Cause and effect Describes or Because, There was a
discusses and cause(s), create, crime at the
event/action that due to, for this GBLK involving
is caused by reason, so that, if murder so that
another this…then, leads police arrested
even/action. to, on account of, some of the
There may be a produces, since, perpetrators.
single cause and as a result,
effect or several consequently,
causes with hence, in effect,
several effects. resulting,
therefore, thus
2. Compare and Contrast
The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are
different.
Key words
 Different
 In contrast…
 Alike
 Same as
 On the other hand
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Comparis Organized to emphasize Comparison; Same as her
on and the similarities and/or also, as well as, sister, Mary has
contrast differences between two both, compared brown hair yet
or more items or topics. to, in they differ when
Comparison means comparison, the it comes to eye
 What things have in same as, etc. color.
common Contrast;
 How items or concepts although, as
are alike opposed to, but,
 The similarities despite, differs
between items or from, even
concepts though, instead,
Contrast means nevertheless, on
 The differences the other hand,
between items or on the contrary,
concepts unlike, yet,
 How things are not while, in spite of
alike
 Distinctions between
elements or ideas.
3. Description/definition
The author describes a topic by listing characteristic, features, and examples.
Key words
 For example
 Characteristic are
 Such as
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample

Description/defi Text introduces Defined as, is, Repression is the

nition something then known, for mind’s power to
explains and example, for block fearful
describes. instance, such as, thoughts, impulses,
Characteristics, sample, is used to, and memories. For
details, and examples that is, including, example, a person
explain of its usage typically, thus, may repress or
then follow. specifically, etc. forget painful
childhood
memories.
4. Problem/Solution
The author uses this technique to identify a problem and lists one or more
solutions for the problem (can also be question/answer format)
Key words
 Remedy
 Solve
 Problem
 Revolve
 Fix
 Issue being dealt with
 Conclude that
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample

Problem and Presents a significant Answer, Since pollution

solution problem and explains challenge, has a detrimental
it in detail. Then, a problem, resolve, impact on
possible solution is conclude that, modern living
suggested. suggest, respond, standards, a key
Sometimes, only the solve, fix, etc. solution suggests
problem is presented by recycling of
because there is no waste products.
solution.
5. Sequence/chronological
The author lists items or events in numerical order.
Key words
 First
 Second
 Third
 Then
 Next
 Finally
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Chronological Time of order, After, afterwards, as There are few
/process/seq narration, soon as, at last, at steps to follow
uence sequence of that time, before, when you want to
events, list of during, eventually, success at your
steps, direction finally, first, second, study. First, ….
of stages in third, next, following
which a certain steps, last, later,
order is needed accordingly, after
that, begins, how to,
in the process of,
meanwhile, now,
since, then, when,
and many more.