Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina
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For the regions of the sovereign state, see Bosnia (region) and Herzegovina.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina
Босна и Херцеговина
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine / "Државна химна

Босне и Херцеговине""
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Location of Bosnia and Herzegovina (green)

in Europe (dark grey)
Capital Sarajevo[1]
and largest city 43°52′N 18°25′E
Official languages (state level) None[1]
Official languages (entity level) Bosnian

Serbian
Croatian
Religion  51% Islam
 30% Orthodoxy
 15% Catholicism
 4% Other
Demonym(s) Bosnian, Herzegovinian[2][3][4]
Government Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic[4]
• High Representative Valentin Inzkoa

• Chairman of the Presidency Milorad Dodikb
• Members of the Presidency Šefik Džaferovićc
Željko Komšićd
• Chairman of the Council of Zoran Tegeltija
Ministers
Legislature Parliamentary Assembly
• Upper house House of Peoples

• Lower house House of Representatives
Establishment history
• Bosnia (early medieval polity) 10th century
• Banate of Bosnia 1154
• Kingdom of Bosnia 1377
• Ottoman conquest 1463
• Austro-Hungarian conquest and 1878
1908 annexation
• Creation of Yugoslavia 1 December 1918
• ZAVNOBiH 25 November 1943
• SR Bosnia and 29 November 1945
Herzegovina within SFR
Yugoslavia
• Independence from Yugoslavia 1 March 1992
• Washington Agreement 18 March 1994
• Dayton Agreement 14 December 1995
Area
• Total 51,129 km2 (19,741 sq mi)
(125th)
• Water (%) 1.4%
Population
• 2019 estimate 3,301,000[5] (135th)
• 2013 census 3,531,159[6]
• Density 69/km2 (178.7/sq mi)
GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total $52.103 billion[7] (107th)
• Per capita $14,894[7] (80th)
GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total $21.023 billion[7] (111th)
• Per capita $6,009[7] (87th)
Gini (2015) 32.7[8]
medium · 47th
HDI (2019) 0.780[9]
high · 73rd
Currency Convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone UTC+01 (CET)

• Summer (DST) UTC+02 (CEST)
Date format dd. mm. yyyy. (CE)
Driving side right
Calling code +387
ISO 3166 code BA
Internet TLD .ba
a. The High Representative is an international civilian

overseer of the Dayton peace agreement with authority
to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact
legislation.
b. Chair of current presidency (Serb)
c. Current presidency member (Bosniak)
d. Current presidency member (Croat)
Bosnia and Herzegovina,[a] abbreviated BiH or B&H,[b] sometimes called Bosnia–

Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country
in South and Southeast Europe, located within the Balkans. Sarajevo is the capital and
largest city.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is bordered by Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the
southeast, and Croatia to the north and southwest. It is not entirely landlocked; to the
south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic Sea, which is about 20 kilometres (12 miles)
long and surrounds the town of Neum. The inland Bosnia region has a
moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold, snowy winters. In the central
and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest
moderately hilly, and in the northeast predominantly flatland. The smaller southern
region, Herzegovina, has a Mediterranean climate and mostly mountainous topography.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has been settled since at least the Upper Paleolithic but
permanent human settlement traces back to the Neolithic age, during which time it was
inhabited by cultures such as Butmir, Kakanj, and Vučedol. After the arrival of the
first Indo-Europeans, it was populated by several Illyrian and Celtic civilizations.
Culturally, politically, and socially, the country has a rich but complex history, having
been first settled by the South Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th
through to the 9th centuries. In the 12th century the Banate of Bosnia was established,
which evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century, after which it was
annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it remained from the mid-15th to
the late 19th centuries. The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and altered much of
the cultural and social outlook of the country. This was followed by annexation into the
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which lasted up until World War I. In the interwar period,
Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II,
it was granted full republic status in the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia. Following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic proclaimed
independence in 1992, which was followed by the Bosnian War, lasting until late 1995
and culminating with the Dayton Agreement.
The country is home to three main ethnic groups or, officially, constituent peoples, as
specified in the constitution. Bosniaks are the largest group of the three,
with Serbs second, and Croats third. A native of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of
ethnicity, is usually identified in English as a Bosnian. Minorities, defined under the
constitutional nomenclature "Others", include Jews, Roma, Ukrainians, and Turks.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency
composed of a member of each major ethnic group. However, the central government's
power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two
autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska,
with a third unit, the Brčko District, governed under local government. The Federation of
Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 cantons.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country and ranks 73rd in human
development. Its economy is dominated by the industry and agriculture sectors,
followed by the tourism and service sectors, the former of which has seen a significant
rise in recent years.[12][13] The country has a social security and universal healthcare
system, and primary- and secondary-level education is tuition-free. It is a member of
the UN, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of
Europe, PfP, Central European Free Trade Agreement, and a founding member of
the Union for the Mediterranean upon its establishment in July 2008.[14] The country is
an applicant for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate
for NATO membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan.[15]

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Anthem: "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine / "Државна химна

Location of Bosnia and Herzegovina (green)

Official languages (state level) None[1]

Official languages (entity level) Bosnian

• High Representative Valentin Inzkoa

Legislature Parliamentary Assembly

• Upper house House of Peoples

• Per capita $14,894[7] (80th)

• Per capita $6,009[7] (87th)

Currency Convertible mark (BAM)

Time zone UTC+01 (CET)

Date format dd. mm. yyyy. (CE)

Driving side right

Calling code +387

ISO 3166 code BA

Internet TLD .ba

a. The High Representative is an international civilian

c. Current presidency member (Bosniak)

d. Current presidency member (Croat)

Bosnia and Herzegovina,[a] abbreviated BiH or B&H,[b] sometimes called Bosnia–

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