1

First A. Author, Second B. Author, Jr., and Third C. Author, Member, IEEE
Preparation of Papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS
and JOURNALS (May 2007)
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I. INTRODUCTION
II.PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION

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F. A. Author is with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, figures and tables. You must also send your final manuscript
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5555; fax: 303-555-5555; e-mail: author@ boulder.nist.gov). submission system as directed by the society contact. You
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He
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Collins, CO 80523 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). files using Compress, Pkzip, Stuffit, or Gzip.
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Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]). information for all authors. Include full mailing addresses,
 2

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C. Figures
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 3

TABLE I
UNITS FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Conversion from Gaussian and
Symbol Quantity
CGS EMU to SI a
 magnetic flux 1 Mx  108 Wb = 108 V·s
B magnetic flux density, 1 G  104 T = 104 Wb/m2
magnetic induction
H magnetic field strength 1 Oe  103/(4) A/m
m magnetic moment 1 erg/G = 1 emu
 103 A·m2 = 103 J/T
M magnetization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 103 A/m
4M magnetization 1 G  103/(4) A/m
 specific magnetization 1 erg/(G·g) = 1 emu/g  1 A·m2/kg
j magnetic dipole 1 erg/G = 1 emu
moment  4  1010 Wb·m
J magnetic polarization 1 erg/(G·cm3) = 1 emu/cm3
 4  104 T
,  susceptibility 1  4
 mass susceptibility 1 cm3/g  4  103 m3/kg
 permeability 1  4  107 H/m
Fig. 1. Magnetization as a function of applied field. Note that “Fig.” is
= 4  107 Wb/(A·m)
abbreviated. There is a period after the figure number, followed by two
spaces. It is good practice to explain the significance of the figure in the r relative permeability   r
caption. w, W energy density 1 erg/cm3  101 J/m3
N, D demagnetizing factor 1  1/(4)
IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at Vertical lines are optional in tables. Statements that serve as captions for
http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/ the entire table do not need footnote letters.
a
Gaussian units are the same as cgs emu for magnetostatics; Mx =
For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-E-L-P maxwell, G = gauss, Oe = oersted; Wb = weber, V = volt, s = second, T =
Desk by e-mail at [email protected]. You will then receive tesla, m = meter, A = ampere, J = joule, kg = kilogram, H = henry.
an e-mail response and sometimes a request for a sample
graphic for us to check.
density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ 0H. Use
E. Copyright Form the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m2.”
An IEEE copyright form should accompany your final
submission. You can get a .pdf, .html, or .doc version at
http://www.ieee.org/copyright. Authors are responsible for V.HELPFUL HINTS
obtaining any security clearances.
A. Figures and Tables
Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper,
III. MATH you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and
bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions,
If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation
and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and
Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com)
tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below
for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New |
the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure
Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over
has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the
text” should not be selected.
artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention
in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as
part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes”
IV. UNITS
linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the
Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at
strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.”
secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in Tables are numbered with Roman numerals.
data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm 2 (100 Gb/in2).” Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the
An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that
trade, such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color
CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your
oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint
not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional
clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation. charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE
The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, journals now allow an author to publish color figures on
if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your
 4

society representative for specific requirements. unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).
Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use
D. Equations
words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity
“Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in
units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use
Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the

“Magnetization (A m1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the
equation number in parentheses. To make your equations
axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write
more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp
“Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”
function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid
Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write
ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they
“Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10 3 A/m).” Do
are part of a sentence, as in
not write “Magnetization (A/m)  1000” because the reader
would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant r2
16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible,  0
F ( r,  ) dr d  [ r2 / ( 2 0 )]
approximately 8 to 12 point type. 
 exp(   | z j  zi | ) 1 J 1 (  r2 ) J 0 (  ri ) d .
B. References 0

Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The (1)

sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple
references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been
[1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the defined before the equation appears or immediately
relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature,
reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or
“reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence:
“Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic “Equation (1) is ... .”
endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of E. Other Recommendations
the paper using the “References” style. Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate
Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.”
Footnote). 1 Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential
column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write
reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or
Table I). “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”
Please note that the references at the end of this document Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use
are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ “cm 3,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm  0.2
names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or
cm,” not “0.1  0.2 cm2.” The abbreviation for “seconds” is
more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not
“s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and
been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers
abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m 2” or “webers per square
that have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified
meter,” not “webers/m 2.” When expressing a range of values,
for an issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers
write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”
that have been submitted for publication should be cited as
A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is
“submitted for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and
punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A
addresses for private communications [7].
parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for
In American English, periods and commas are within
proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in
quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is
translation journals, please give the English citation first,
“outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not”
followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].
instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and
C. Abbreviations and Acronyms C” instead of “A, B and C.”
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or
used in the text, even after they have already been defined in plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We
the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”).
not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not
periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to
R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are carefully proofread your paper.

1
It is recommended that footnotes be avoided (except for the unnumbered
VI. SOME COMMON MISTAKES
footnote with the receipt date on the first page). Instead, try to integrate the The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript for
footnote information into the text.
 5

the permeability of vacuum µ 0 is zero, not a lowercase letter for rejection. Authors of rejected papers may revise and
“o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the resubmit them to the T RANSACTIONS as regular papers,
adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or whereupon they will be reviewed by two new referees.
“remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.”
A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The
word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” VIII.PUBLICATION PRINCIPLES
(unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the The contents of IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are
word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring peer-reviewed and archival. The T RANSACTIONS publishes
to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial
mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and
“issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions topics of current interest.
are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; Authors should consider the following points:
for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound 1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance
Ni0.5Mn0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.
composition NixMn1-x. 2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate
Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of
“affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), the work. For example, an obvious extension of
“complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” previously published work might not be appropriate for
“principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” publication or might be adequately treated in just a few
(e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” pages.
and “infer.” 3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the
Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper;
“ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or
the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no unexpected results are reported.
period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is 4) Because replication is required for scientific progress,
also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient
the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these information to allow readers to perform similar
abbreviations are not italicized). experiments or calculations and use the reported results.
An excellent style manual and source of information for Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must
science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style guide and an contain new, useable, and fully described information.
Information for Authors are both available at For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need
http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html not be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to
introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should
expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results are
VII. EDITORIAL POLICY not supported by adequate data and critical details.
Submission of a manuscript is not required for 5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest
participation in a conference. Do not submit a reworked technical achievement, which are suitable for
version of a paper you have submitted or published presentation at a professional conference, may not be
elsewhere. Do not publish “preliminary” data or results. The appropriate for publication in a T RANSACTIONS or
submitting author is responsible for obtaining agreement of JOURNAL.
all coauthors and any consent required from sponsors before
submitting a paper. IEEE T RANSACTIONS and JOURNALS
strongly discourage courtesy authorship. It is the obligation IX. CONCLUSION
of the authors to cite relevant prior work. A conclusion section is not required. Although a
The Transactions and Journals Department does not conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not
publish conference records or proceedings. The replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might
TRANSACTIONS does publish papers related to conferences elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest
that have been recommended for publication on the basis of applications and extensions.
peer review. As a matter of convenience and service to the
technical community, these topical papers are collected and APPENDIX
published in one issue of the TRANSACTIONS.
At least two reviews are required for every paper Appendixes, if needed, appear before the
submitted. For conference-related papers, the decision to acknowledgment.
accept or reject a paper is made by the conference editors and
publications committee; the recommendations of the referees ACKNOWLEDGMENT
are advisory only. Undecipherable English is a valid reason The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in
American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the
 6

singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. [27] (Basic Book/Monograph Online Sources) J. K. Author. (year, month,
day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Volume (issue). Available:
Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to http://www.(URL)
thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor [28] J. Jones. (1991, May 10). Networks (2nd ed.) [Online]. Available:
and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the http://www.atm.com
[29] (Journal Online Sources style) K. Author. (year, month). Title. Journal
unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here. [Type of medium]. Volume(issue), paging if given. Available:
http://www.(URL)
REFERENCES [30] R. J. Vidmar. (1992, August). On the use of atmospheric plasmas as
electromagnetic reflectors. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. [Online]. 21(3). pp.
[1] G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with 876–880. Available: http://www.halcyon.com/pub/journals/21ps03-
paper title and editor),” in Plastics, 2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New vidmar
York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64.
[2] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123–135.
[3] H. Poor, An Introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation. New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[4] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms (Unpublished work First A. Author (M’76–SM’81–F’87) and the other authors may include
style),” unpublished. biographies at the end of regular papers. Biographies are often not included in
[5] E. H. Miller, “A note on reflector arrays (Periodical style—Accepted for conference-related papers. This author became a Member (M) of IEEE in
publication),” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., to be published. 1976, a Senior Member (SM) in 1981, and a Fellow (F) in 1987. The first
[6] J. Wang, “Fundamentals of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers arrays paragraph may contain a place and/or date of birth (list place, then date).
(Periodical style—Submitted for publication),” IEEE J. Quantum Next, the author’s educational background is listed. The degrees should be
Electron., submitted for publication. listed with type of degree in what field, which institution, city, state, and
[7] C. J. Kaufman, Rocky Mountain Research Lab., Boulder, CO, private country, and year degree was earned. The author’s major field of study should
communication, May 1995. be lower-cased.
[8] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, “Electron spectroscopy The second paragraph uses the pronoun of the person (he or she) and not
studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interfaces the author’s last name. It lists military and work experience, including
(Translation Journals style),” IEEE Transl. J. Magn.Jpn., vol. 2, Aug. summer and fellowship jobs. Job titles are capitalized. The current job must
1987, pp. 740–741 [Dig. 9th Annu. Conf. Magnetics Japan, 1982, p. 301]. have a location; previous positions may be listed without one. Information
[9] M. Young, The Techincal Writers Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: concerning previous publications may be included. Try not to list more than
University Science, 1989. three books or published articles. The format for listing publishers of a book
[10] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of within the biography is: title of book (city, state: publisher name, year) similar
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[22] Letter Symbols for Quantities, ANSI Standard Y10.5-1968.
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