UNIT 4.MATTER - MC
Uploaded by
mcarmendgj74UNIT 4.MATTER - MC
Uploaded by
mcarmendgj74UNIT 4.
MATTER
WHAT IS MATTER?
ATOM: An atom is the smallest particle of matter.
El átomo es la partícula más pequeña que forma la materia
The atom has a name and is represented by one or two letters.
• You need a very special microscope to see.
• Scientists have found approximately 100 different type of atoms.
Atom O H C Au Fe N Ag
Symbol Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon Gold Iron Nitrogen Silver
MOLECULE: A molecule is made when two or more different atoms join together
Una molécula se origina cuando dos o más átomos se unen.
PURE SUBTANCES are made from one type of atom or one type of molecule.
They have a structure that never changes.
There are 2 types :
-ELEMENTS are made from atoms.
-COMPOUNDS are made from molecules.
• Las sustancias puras están formadas por sólo un tipo de átomo o de molécula. Tienen una estructura que
nunca cambia.
• Elementos, los cuales están formados por átomos, como puede ser el hidrógeno (H).
• Compuestos, los cuales están compuestos por moléculas, como el agua
ATOM = átomo PURE SUBTANCES = SUSTANCIAS PURAS
the smallest = más pequeña ELEMENTS = ELEMENTOS
Particle = partícula COMPOUNDS = Compuestos
Matter = Materia type of = tipo de
made from = hecho de
represented by = representado por
MOLECULE = molécula Structure = Estructura
Is/ar made = se origina never changes = nunca cambia.
1
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1. HARD. Hard materials are very difficult to SCRATCH or CUT. Diamond.
2. SOFT. Soft materials are scratched or cut easily. Chalk
3. TOUGH. Tough materials are very difficult to break. Steel
4. FRAGILE. Fragile materials break easily. Glass.
5. PLASTIC. Plastic materials are easy to bend. Polythene (is a plastic material)
6. ELASTIC. Elastic materials go back to their shape after we squash or stretch them.
Sponge
HARD materials are very difficult to break.
(Los materiales duros son muy difíciles de romper.)
Fragile materials break easily.
(Los materiales frágiles se rompen muy fácilmente.)
• SCRATCH= Rayar • GO BACK = REGRESA • STRETCH = ESTIRAR
• Chalk= Tiza • SHAPE = FORMA • POLYTHENE= POLIETILENO
• Steel =acero • SQUASH = APLASTAR
• To break = Romper • To cut = Cortar
• Tough = Duro • Glass = Vidreo
• Fragile = Frágiles • To Bend = Doblar
• Plastic = Plastico • Go back = Regresa
• Elasctic = Elástico
2
3
THERMAL INSULATIONS AND CONDUCTORS
The molecules in matter are never still. Sometimes the molecules move slowly or quickly.
• Molecules move very slowly ➔ ICE CUBE (low temperatures) ➔We feel cold
• Molecules move quickly ➔Cup of tea (water high temperatures) ➔We feel hot.
• THERMAL CONDUCTOR. – Its molecules are free to move. It can get hot. Water, glass
and metal.
• THERMAL INSULATORS. The molecules are close together and can´t move. They can´t
get hot. Plastic and wood.
MIXTURE AND SOLUTIONS
MIXTURE is when two substances are mixed together. A mixture is not a pure substance.
(Cuando dos sustancias se combinan forman una mezcla. Una mezcla no es una sustancia pura.)
There are two basic types of mixture:
1) Homogeneous mixture
• We can´t see the separate substances. This is because one substance dissolves
into the other.
(No podemos ver las sustancias por separado, esto es porque una sustancia se disuelve en la otra.)
• Homogeneous mixture is also called a solution. The substance that dissolves is
called solvent and the substance that is dissolved is called solute.
(Una mezcla homogénea es también llamada SOLUCIÓN. La sustancia que disuelve se llama
DISOLVENTE y la que se disuelve se llama SOLUTO.)
Nutrients are solutes
Water is solvent and shapoo is solute
2) Heterogeneous mixture
• We can see the separate substances. Their molecules don´t mix.
(Podemos ver las sustancias por separado debido a que sus moléculas no se mezclan.)
4
Changes in matter
Matter can change.
There are two types of change:
• Physical change (Cambios físicos): The molecules move but their structure doesn´t
change
(Las moléculas se mueven pero la estructura no cambia.)
We can fold paper and change its shape, but it´s still paper. (Por ejemplo, podemos
doblar un papel y cambiar su forma, pero no su estructura.)
• Chemical change (Cambio químico): New molecules are made and the matter is
changed forever.
(Se forman nuevas moléculas y la materia cambia para siempre.)
When wood burns, new molecules form and make different matter
(Cuando la madera se quema, nuevas moléculas se forman dando lugar a una nueva
materia
