Smart Gold Fish Eggs Nursery with

Microcontroller
Bayu Surya Mandala Sony Sumaryo Estananto
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Telkom University Telkom University Telkom University
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

in demand from the current average needs,

Abstract therefore the activities of increasing freshwater
The quality of fish production is inseparable fish production need to be improved. The
from the quality of the seed produced during the success of freshwater fish farming is inseparable
nursery. Good fish seeds are produced from from the production of quality fish seeds,
spawning and hatching of well-preserved eggs. quality fish seedlings produced from spawning,
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a system that hatching and larvae which are carried out well
[1]. Superior seeds will increase success in fish
can monitor and care for fish eggs so as to minimize
farming, therefore various quality
fish eggs that fail to hatch and improve the quality of
improvements need to be done to increase
fish seeds that will be produced when hatching fish efficiency and productivity in fish farming that
eggs. has high competitiveness. One effort that can be
done is the application of appropriate
This study aims to create a system that can
technology in freshwater fish breeding [2].
perform automatic monitoring and maintenance of
There are several parameters that need to be
fish egg hatching ponds. This hatchery pool considered in freshwater fish nurseries,
treatment includes water temperature control, water especially in the conditions of water suitability
level control and displays water pH values. Sensors in fish nurseries. This water suitability condition
used to measure hatching egg parameter parameters is very important, because it can be related to
include temperature sensor ds18b20, ultrasonic whether or not fish farming is carried out in an
sensor and pH sensor. The sensors can detect the environment, water conditions for freshwater
condition of the fish hatching pond that will affect fish culture can be measured through several
the aeration system, water heater and cooling fan in physical and chemical parameters including
the pool works automatically which will then be water temperature, water turbidity level,
displayed on the LCD. dissolved oxygen in water and water pH. The
lack of monitoring parameters such as
The system is built in stages starting from monitoring the temperature of the water, the
mechanical design, sensor calibration, height of the water and the pH value of the water
microcontroller and actuator configuration, sensor is very influential on the quality of fish eggs so
readout synchronization, monitoring display and as to produce less qualified seeds later [3].
parameter measurement. The final result is a Based on the description above, a system of
maintenance and automatic monitoring is
prototype that has been tested on hatching fish eggs
needed in the fish egg hatching pond. This
so that it can optimize the hatching of fish eggs into system can control and monitor water
fish seeds. temperature, water level, and monitor the
Keywords: Controlling, Monitoring, Fish Eggs Hatching condition of water pH in hatching ponds in real
Pond. time using sensors so that the quality of fish
eggs in the hatching pond can be maintained.
The parameters read by this sensor are displayed
in an LCD to be monitored by current conditions
by fish farmers.
This system is installed in the prototype of
I. INTRODUCTION a fish egg hatching pool to then compare the
Freshwater fish is one of the many food results with other fish seeds. The application of
ingredients needed by humans. Viewed in terms this system to the fish egg hatching pond is
of its potential, even freshwater fisheries expected to help freshwater fish farmers to
business is very good because it has an increase produce higher quality seed output.
 ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) with
II. LITERATURE REVIEW a 12-bit resolution. This sensor has a
fairly good level of accuracy and stability
A. Freshwater Fish Hatchery compared to the LM35DZ temperature
In freshwater fish cultivation, the sensor commonly used. The Ds18b20
quality of fish that is cultivated depends on sensor has a fairly high level of accuracy
the fish seeds. A good seeding method is of ± 0.5 ℃ in the temperature range of -10
by carrying out master management, ° - 85 ℃ and overall can measure from -
spawning, egg hatching and larvae 55 ° - 125 ℃. The Ds18b20 temperature
maintenance in a controlled environment. sensor has 3 pins consisting of +5 V,
Spawning Process The Process of Larvae Treatment
ground and input / output.
Hatching Fish Eggs
• Height Control of HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor was used
• Parent spawning • Control of Pool Pond Water
Temperature • Provision of Larvae
Quality Fish to measure the water level in the hatching
• Appointment of • Treatment of Fish Feed
Seeds pond. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
Fish Eggs Using
Kakaban
Eggs Using detects existing objects by sending
Aeration
ultrasonic waves through the transmitter
on the sensor, then waits for the reflection
Fig. 1. Freshwater Fish Hatchery Process of the ultrasonic waves that are sent and
will be received through the receiver on
B. Water Quality in Freshwater Fish Hatchery the sensor. The HC-SR04 sensor sends
Suitability of water quality is very short ultrasonic waves with a frequency of
influential in the cultivation of freshwater 40 KHz. HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has 4
fish. In freshwater fish cultivation there are pins, namely VCC pin (+ 5V), ground pin,
several water quality parameters that are Echo pin and Trigger pin.
very influential on the growth of tilapia The pH sensor is one of the sensors
including, dissolved oxygen levels in most often used to measure the degree of
water (DO), water temperature, and the acidity (pH) in water. The working
degree of acidity in water (pH). This of principle of the pH sensor is to measure
course applies also to the cultivation of the number of H3O + ions in the solution
freshwater fish so that the fish seeds using a probe sensor in the form of a glass
produced have good quality and durability electrode, the tip of the glass electrode in
to grow in later aquaculture ponds. the form of a 0.1 mm thick glass layer
Therefore, the maintenance of water called bulb. This bulb is paired with a
quality when hatching freshwater fish non-conductor glass cylinder filled with
must receive intensive monitoring from HCl solution. In HCl solution, a long
fish cultivators [6]. silver electrode wire is inserted which on
the surface is formed an AgCl equilibrium
C. Smart Fish Nursery compound. The constant amount of HCl
Smart fish breeding is the process of in this system makes the AgCl electrode
freshwater fish breeding which is carried has a stable potential value.
out with the help of sensors, Arduino Mega 2560 Board is an
microcontroller devices and actuators to Arduino Board that uses the ATmega
control and monitor parameters in the 2560 Microcontroller IC. This board has
process of freshwater fish breeding. This a relatively large I / O Pin, 54 digital
research is specifically for one of the Inputs / Outputs, 15 of which can be used
freshwater fish breeding processes, as PWM outputs, 16 analog inputs, 4
namely the process of hatching fish eggs. UARTs. . Arduino Mega 2560 is
This automatic fish egg maintenance equipped with 16. Mhz crystal. For
system includes controlling the water relatively simple use, just connect the
temperature, controlling the water level power from USB to PC / Laptop or via DC
and monitoring the pH of the water in the Jack using an adapter 7-12 V DC.
fish hatching pond. This system uses
sensor assistance as a reader of the
parameters of the pool, microcontroller, Relay is a switch (switch) that is operated
actuator in the form of a four channel electrically and is an electromechanical
relay and a plant in the form of a water component (electromechanical)
heater, cooling fan and two water pumps. consisting of 2 main parts namely
The ds18b20 sensor is a digital electromagnet (coil) and mechanical (a
temperature sensor in which there is an set of switch contacts). Relays use
 electromagnetic principles to move the
switch contacts so that with a small
electric current can conduct high-voltage Start

electricity. For example, with a relay that Sensors

uses a 5V 50mA electromagnet it can Initialization

drive Armature relay (which functions as Sensor Detecting

Water Parameters

a switch) to deliver 220V 2A electricity. Displaying on LCD

Monitoring

III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Water Temperature

Controlling

Water Level
Controlling
Sensor
ds18b20 pH Water
Monitoring

Kontroler ON/OFF Plant

N Turn Off

TRef Arduino Temperature TOutput System ?

Heater/ Fan
Relay
Mega 2560 Y
Input
End
Arduino Water Level Pompa(in)/
Mega 2560 Relay Pompa(out)
hRef
hOutput

Start Start

Sensor Sensor
Sensor Initialization Initialization

Ultrasonic
Sensor ds18b20 Detecting Sensor HC-SR04 Detecting
Fig. 2. General System Block Diagram Water Temperature
Y
Water Height Level
Y
Relay
Temp Relay Height
Displaying on ≤25℃ Displaying on ≤16cm Pump (in)
Heater ON
ON

Automatic fish egg maintenance system is

LCD ? LCD ?

N N

designed based on a closed loop control system Temp

>27℃
Y
Relay Fan Height
>17cm
Y Relay
Pump (out)
ON

consisting of input, controller, actuator, plant, ON

N N
? ?
25℃ ≤ Temp > 27℃? 16cm≤ Height > 17cm?

N N

output and feedback elements. The design of the

automatic freshwater egg maintenance system Y

End
Y

End

in the fish egg hatching pond has an input part Fig. 4. Flowchart Work Process in General System (top),
in the form of a power supply from the regulator temperature control flowchart (bottom left), height control
of 7-12 Volts and feedback from the flowchart (bottom right)
measurement value of the pool parameters
obtained by the sensor, the process part uses the Fig. 4 describes the overall system work
Arduino mega 2560 microcontroller, the process. The initial condition when the system
actuator is a relay and the plant part is a water starts will immediately initiate the sensor
heater, water pump, cooling fan. initialization. After the system detects a sensor,
then the sensor will immediately read the
parameters of the pool and send a signal to the
Larvae
Treatment
microcontroller, the microcontroller will issue a
Ponds control signal directed to the actuator to move
the plant as desired. The system has a view of
Ket :
the condition of the pond parameters through a
Pump In Water
Flow
20x4 LCD. After the water condition in the pond
Pump Out is as desired, the microcontroller will send the
Water Flow
Eggs Fish Hatching
Water Control Tank
signal off to the actuator relay to turn off the
Pond
plant.
Fig. 3. Realization of System Hardware
IV. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTS AND
Fig. 3. is the realization of hardware from ANALYSIS
an automatic fish egg maintenance system in a This test is carried out with the aim of
fish egg hatching pond. In this system there is knowing the results and success of the
an input in the form of three sensors and a 7-12 experiment and analyzing the results of the
Volt power supply for power supply needs in measurement system obtained. The following
the control system. The system output is in the are the stages or processes of testing the design
form of water heater, cooling fan, water drain and implementation of automatic freshwater
pump and water filler pump, each of which is fish egg treatment systems in fish hatcheries.
activated using a relay and 20X4 LCD for
monitoring purposes. This system is fully
controlled using an Arduino Mega 2560 A. Sensor Testing
microcontroller. From the measurements performed, it is
obtained the average error value of each
sensor, where the temperature sensor ds18b20
 has an error sensor of 0.117, the ultrasonic
Afternoon Measurements
sensor HC-SR04 has an error sensor value of
0.087 and the pH sensor is 0.114. 18
17

Water Level (cm)

16
15
B. Water Temperature Parameters Measurement 14
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Morning Measurements Time (minutes)
Temp. ℃

28
26
24
22 Without Plant With Plant
20
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Time (minutes) Night Measurements

Without Plant With Plant 19

Water Level (cm)

14
Afternoon Measurements 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Temp. ℃

28 Time (minutes)
27
26
25
24 Without Plant With Plant
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Time (minutes)
Fig. 5. Water Level Measurement Chart
Without Plant With Plant
Fig. 5. is a chart of the results of
measurements of water level parameters
Night Measurements using an automatic fish egg incubator and
30 naturally each morning, afternoon and night.
The test was carried out 30 times in 1 hour
Temp. ℃

20 by recording the reading of the pond

2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 parameters every 2 minutes.
Waktu (menit)
pH Water Measurements
Without Plant With Plant 7.5
7
pH Value

Fig. 4. Measurement of Water Temperature Parameters

6.5
Chart
6
Fig. 4. is a chart of the results of the
5.5
measurement of temperature parameters
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
using an automatic egg incubator and
Time (minutes)
naturally in the morning, afternoon and night
respectively. The test was carried out 30
times in 1 hour by recording the reading of Morning Afternoon Night
the pond parameters every 2 minutes. Fig. 6. Measurement Chart of Water pH Parameters

C. Water Level Parameters Measurement Fig. 6. is a graph of the measurement of

changes in water pH parameters which are
Morning Measurements carried out 30 times for 1 hour by recording
18 the reading of parameters every 2 minutes.
17
Water Level (cm)

16
15
14
2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58
Time (minutes)

Without Plant With Plant

 D. Hatchability of Fish Eggs Measurement hatching system in fish egg hatching pond
works well where the water temperature setting
140 is obtained between 25-27 ℃ and the water
120 level setting is obtained between 16-17cm as
100
desired and anionic system for oxygen supply
to the pond hatching works well. The results of
80
the hatching rate in the fish egg hatching pond
60
that uses an automatic fish egg hatching system
40
are at 80.67% within 60 hours of system
20
testing, while in the fish hatching pond
0
naturally the HR value is in the number
Mulai
4
8

20

52
12
16

24
28
32
36
40
44
48

56
60
74.67% within 60 hours of testing.
There are some potentials that can be developed
Without System With System
further from this research. By 2039 most of the
fish we eat will come from the fish farming
Fig. 7. Chart of Comparison of Hatchability of Fish industry [13]. It is expected that the system will
Eggs be able to provide (Internet of Things) IoT-
based water parameters notifications so that it
Fig. 7 is a chart of the comparison of can facilitate system monitoring through
hatchability of fish eggs between fish smartphones. This approach, which is low-cost
hatching ponds that use automatic hatching
and connected, has been initiated in some parts
tools for fish eggs and natural fish hatching
ponds. From the comparison chart, it can be of the world like in Ghana [14]. The system can
seen that the hatching pond installed with as well be implemented in freshwater fish
an automatic hatchery begins to produce hatcheries with a larger scale and more kind of
fish larvae 16 hours from the start of the fish. And lastly, of course it is hoped that better
removal of fish eggs, while in the fish egg use of system components can be achieved to
hatchery it naturally starts to produce fish improve the performance of automatic fish egg
larvae within 22 hours of commencement hatching devices.
of fish egg transfer. The hatching rate of the
hatching pond in the fish hatching pond that References:
uses the tool is at 80.67% and in the fish
[1] Marine and Fisheries Human Resources
hatching pond naturally is at 74.67%. From
Development Agency - Ministry of Marine
the results of the comparison of the
and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia,
hatchability of fish eggs it is known that in
“Freshwater Fish Hatchery Teaching Factory
the fish hatching pond which is controlled
(Modul Teaching Factory Pembenihan Ikan
by temperature and water level it can
Air Tawar)”, 2012.
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Application in Freshwater Fish Hatchery
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V. CONCLUSIONS
Program Ipteks Bagi Masyarakat (IbM),
Based on the measurement and analysis
Fakultas Biologi UNSOED Purwokerto,
that has been carried out from the automatic
2015.
fish egg maintenance system in the fish egg
[3] F. Tatangindatu, O. Kalesaran, R. Rompas,
hatching pond, it can be concluded that the fish
“Study of Chemical Parameters of Water
egg hatching system automatically uses the aid
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of ds18b20 temperature sensor, HC-SR04
Tondano, Paleloan Village, Minahasa
ultrasonic sensor and pH sensor can be applied
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19.
hatching ponds whose egg types are attached to
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