Chapter 8: General Linear Transformations

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Consider the basis B = {v1 , v2 } for R2 , where v1 =
1, 1 and v2 = −1, 1

. Let
2 2
T : R → R be the linear operator such that T (v1 ) = 3, 5 and T (v2 ) = −2, 3 . What is
the value of T (2, 1)?


(A) 2, 1
(B) 11


2
, 6
5 1


(C) 19 , 19


(D) 4, 13

2. Which of the following transformations T : R2 → R is a linear transformation?

(A) T (a, b) = 3



(B) T (a, b) = a, b · a, b
(C) T (a, b) = a2
(D) T (a, b) = 3a + 2b

3. Let T : V → W be a linear transformation, with dim(V ) = m and dim(W ) = n. For

which of the following conditions is T one-to-one?
(A) R(T ) = W and m = n
(B) m > n
(C) rank(T ) = m − 1 and n > m
(D) nullity(T ) = m

4. For which of the following linear transformations is nullity(T ) = 4?

(A) T : R3 → R8 , rank(T ) = 2
(B) T : P3 → P3 , rank(T ) = 3
(C) T : M23 → M33 , rank(T ) = 6
(D) T : R5 → R2 , rank(T ) = 1

5. Which of the following vector spaces is not isomorphic to R16 ?

(A) R16
(B) P16
(C) M44
(D) M82
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –2– Anton/Rorres

6. Which of the following definitions of T : R2 → R2 is an isomorphism?

T

(A) x, y −−→ y, x + y

T

(B) x, y −−→ 0, xy

T

(C) x, y −−→ x + y, x + y

T

(D) x, y −−→ 2x, x

7. Let T : V → V be a one-to-one linear operator, and let B be a basis for V . Which of the
following matrices is a possible value of [T ]B ?
   
"
1
# 1 0 −1 −1 0 " #
2
− 12   
 (D) 1

(A) 1 (B) 0 1 (C) −1 0 −1
− 12 0
   
2
0 0 0 −1 −1

8. Let T1 : U → V , T2 : V → W , and T3 : W → U . Let B, B 0 , and B 00 be bases for U , V ,

and W respectively. Which of the following expressions is not equivalent to [T3 ◦ T2 ◦ T1 ]B ?
(A) [T3 ]B,B 00 [T2 ◦ T1 ]B 00 ,B
(B) [T3 ◦ T2 ]B,B 0 [T1 ]B 0 ,B
(C) [T3 ]B 00 ,B [T2 ]B 0 ,B 00 [T1 ]B,B 0
(D) [T3 ]B,B 00 [T2 ]B 00 ,B 0 [T1 ]B 0 ,B

9. If A and B are similar matrices, which of the following is not necessarily true?
(A) rank(A) = rank(B)
(B) tr (A) = tr (B)
(C) A−1 and B −1 exist and are similar.
(D) Av = λv if and only if Bv = λv.
" #
5 −3
10. Let T : V → V be a linear operator and let B and B 0 be bases for V . If [T ]B = ,
2 −2
which of the following is a possible value for [T ]B 0 ?
" # " # " # " #
3 1 4 0 2 −1 −3 0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 2 0 −1 −1 3 0 6

Free Response Questions

" #!
a b
1. Let T : M22 → R be defined as T = a − d. Show that T is a linear transfor-
c d
mation and state its kernel.

Chapter 8
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –3– Anton/Rorres


2. Let the linear operator T : R2 → R2 be defined by T (x, y) = x − 2y, 2x + 3y .
(a) Find a basis for the range.
(b) Find a basis for the kernel.
(c) Find the rank and nullity.

3. Let T : V → W be a transformation. Prove that if T (cv1 + v2 ) = cT (v1 ) + T (v2 ) for

any vectors v1 and v2 in V and any scalar c, then T is a linear transformation.

4. Let T : V → W be a linear transformation.

(a) Prove that the kernel of T is a subspace of V .
(b) Prove that the range of T is a subspace of W .

5. Use
" the#!
kernel
" to determine
#" whether
# the transformation T : M22 → M23 defined as
a b a b 2 0 −1
T = is one-to-one.
c d c d 1 3 2

6. Let T : P3 → P3 be defined as T (p(x)) = p(x − 3). Show that T is one-to-one and find a
formula for T −1 (p(x)).

7. Let T : V → V be a one-to-one linear operator, and let dim(V ) = n be finite.

(a) Prove that T −1 exists.
(b) Prove that T −1 is one-to-one.
(c) Prove that (T −1 )−1 = T .

8. Prove that the identity operator is one-to-one and that its inverse is the identity operator.

9. Let TA : R3 → R3 be an isomorphism with

 
0 1 k
 
A= 1 k 2

k 2 0

where k is real. Find all possible values for k.

10. Show that P3 is isomorphic to M22 by finding an isomorphism T : P3 → M22 .

11. Let U and V be vector spaces.

(a) Prove that U is isomorphic to itself.
(b) Prove that if U is isomorphic to V , then V is isomorphic to U .

12. Prove that if T1 : U → V and T2 : V → W are isomorphisms, then T2 ◦ T1 is also an

isomorphism.

Chapter 8
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –4– Anton/Rorres

13. Let T : P2 → P2 be defined by T (c0 + c1 x + c2 x2 ) = c1 x + 2c2 x2 . Find the matrix

[T ]B 0 ,B relative to the bases B = {1, x, x2 } and B 0 = {1 + x, 1 − x2 , x − x2 }.

14. Let T1 : U → V and T2 : V → U be linear transformations, and let B and B 0 be bases

for U and V respectively. Compute [T2 ◦ T1 ]B where
 
1 0 " #
  1 2 1
[T1 ]B 0 ,B = 
 1 2 , [T2 ]B,B 0 =
 .
−2 2 1
−1 0


15. Let T : R2 → R2 be the linear operator defined by T (x, y) = 2x − y, 2x + y , and let
(" # " #)
1 1
B= , be a basis for R2 .
1 2
(a) Find [T ]B .
(b) Use the result in part (a) to compute T (5, −3).

16. Let T : R2 → R3 be a linear transformation,

and let

B = {v1 , v2 } and

B 0 = {w1 , w2
, w3 },
be bases for R2
and R3 , where v1 = 1, 2 , v2 = 1, 3 , w1 = 1, −1, 1 , w2 = 1, 0, 1 , and
w3 = 0, 1, −1 . Find a formula for T given that
 
2 1
 
[T ]B 0 ,B =
1 .
3
3 0

17. Let T : V → V be a linear operator, and let B be any basis for V . If T is the identity
operator on V and V is n-dimensional, prove that [T ]B is always the n × n identity matrix.

18. Let T : R2 → R2 be the orthogonal projection onto the line y = x, and let B = {u1 , u2 }
" # " # " # " #
1 1 1 0
and B 0 = {v1 , v2 } be bases for R2 where u1 = , u2 = , v1 = , v2 = .
1 −1 0 1
(a) Find [T ]B .
(b) Find [T ]B 0 using the equation [T ]B 0 = P −1 [T ]B P .
" #! " #
x 1 3x 1 + 4x 2
19. Let T : R2 → R2 be defined by T = .
x2 4x1 − 3x2
(a) Find the eigenvalues of T .
(b) Find a basis for each eigenspace of T .

20. Prove that any square matrix is similar to itself.

Chapter 8
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –5– Anton/Rorres

21. Prove that if A and B are similar matrices, then AT is similar to B T .

22. Let T : V → V be a linear operator and let B and B 0 be bases for V . Let A = [T ]B ,
P = PB 0 →B , P −1 = PB→B 0 , and C = P −1 AP .
(a) Prove that det (A) = det (C).
(b) Prove that A and C have the same characteristic polynomial.

Chapter 8
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –6– Anton/Rorres

Answers

Multiple Choice Answers

1. (B)

2. (D)

3. (A)

4. (D)

5. (B)

6. (A)

7. (C)

8. (C)

9. (C)

10. (B)

Free Response Answers

1. Kernel consists of all matrices where a = d.



2. (a) B = 1, 0 , 0, 1


(b) ker(T ) = 0, 0

(c) rank(T ) = 2, nullity(T ) = 0

5. ker(T ) = 0, T is one-to-one

6. T −1 (p(x)) = p(x + 3)

9. All real k 6= 0, 2, −2.

" #
a0 a1
10. Possible solution: T (a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 ) =
a2 a3

Chapter 8
Elementary Linear Algebra 11e –7– Anton/Rorres
 
1
0 2
1
 
13. [T ]B 0 ,B = 1
0 −2 −1

1
0 2
−1

" #
2 4
14. [T2 ◦ T1 ]B =
−1 4
" #
−1 −4
15. (a)
2 4


(b) 13, 7


16. T (x, y) = x + y, 5x − 2y, −8x + 4y
" #
1 0
18. (a) [T ]B =
0 0
" #
1 1
2 2
(b) [T ]B 0 = 1 1
2 2

19. (a) λ1 = 5, λ2 = −5
(" #) (" #)
2 −1
(b) ,
1 2

Chapter 8