Trematodes, commonly known as flukes, are flat leaf-shaped worms that have complex multi-host life cycles. They reproduce sexually and have eggs that are operculated, or capped, and can contaminate water sources. Important trematode diseases in humans include schistosomiasis caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that penetrate the skin and mature in veins, eventually releasing eggs that cause damage. Other significant flukes are the Chinese liver fluke, sheep liver fluke, giant intestinal fluke, and lung fluke.
Trematodes, commonly known as flukes, are flat leaf-shaped worms that have complex multi-host life cycles. They reproduce sexually and have eggs that are operculated, or capped, and can contaminate water sources. Important trematode diseases in humans include schistosomiasis caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that penetrate the skin and mature in veins, eventually releasing eggs that cause damage. Other significant flukes are the Chinese liver fluke, sheep liver fluke, giant intestinal fluke, and lung fluke.
Trematodes, commonly known as flukes, are flat leaf-shaped worms that have complex multi-host life cycles. They reproduce sexually and have eggs that are operculated, or capped, and can contaminate water sources. Important trematode diseases in humans include schistosomiasis caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that penetrate the skin and mature in veins, eventually releasing eggs that cause damage. Other significant flukes are the Chinese liver fluke, sheep liver fluke, giant intestinal fluke, and lung fluke.
Trematodes, commonly known as flukes, are flat leaf-shaped worms that have complex multi-host life cycles. They reproduce sexually and have eggs that are operculated, or capped, and can contaminate water sources. Important trematode diseases in humans include schistosomiasis caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma that penetrate the skin and mature in veins, eventually releasing eggs that cause damage. Other significant flukes are the Chinese liver fluke, sheep liver fluke, giant intestinal fluke, and lung fluke.
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Trematodes
Trematodes are commonly called flukes. The first intermediate hosts are snails. Leaf-shaped worms, generally flat and fleshy Hermaphroditic (except for Schistosoma, which is either male or female) Have complicated life cycles occurring in 2 or more hosts Have operculated eggs (except for Schistosoma), which contaminate water, perpetuating the life cycle; also used to diagnose infections
Table II-6-12. Trematode (Fluke) Diseases
Organism Common Name Reservoir Host Acquisition Progression in Humans Important Ova Treatment
Skin penetration (itching) → mature in veins of mesentery → S. mansoni Intestinal Contact with eggs cause granulomas Cats, dogs, Schistosoma schistosomiasis water; skin in liver (liver Praziquantel cattle, etc. japonicum penetration enlargement in chronic cases) Clay pipe-stem fibrosis of portal vein
Skin penetration (itching) → mature in Contact with bladder veins; chronic Schistosoma Vesicular Primates water; skin infection has high Praziquantel haematobium schistosomiasis penetration association with bladder carcinoma in Egypt and Africa Penetrate skin, Birds(Great producing dermatitis water; skin Contact with Trimeprazine Nonhuman without further Swimmer’s itch penetration water; skin - Calamine schistosomes development in U.S.) penetration Sedatives humans; itching is most intense at 2 to 3 days Clonorchis Chinese liver Dogs, cats, Raw fish ingestion Serum-like sickness Operculated eggs Praziquantel sinensis fluke humans Fasciola Sheep liver fluke Sheep Watercress Hepatitis Operculated eggs Praziquantel hepatica Diarrhea ± Fasciolopsis Giant intestinal Pigs Water chestnuts malabsorption Operculated eggs Praziquantel buski fluke syndrome Ingestion of raw TB-like disease: Paragonimus crab/ crayfish Operculated eggs Lung fluke Pigs/dogs hemoptysis, night Praziquantel westermani* from Asia, Africa, in sputum sweats South America
