Biology 101 Exam 1 Review-2

Biology 101 Exam 1 Review
True or False:
1. Scientific theories can be changed or edited. True
2. A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements. True
3. Trace elements are those required by an organism in very large quantities but are
essential to life. False
4. The atomic mass is the sum of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus. True
5. Isotopes differ in the number of electrons. False
6. Oxygen is very electronegative. True
7. A nonpolar covalent bond is unequal sharing of electrons. False
8. The starting materials of a chemical reaction are also known as the reactants. True
9. An acidic solution has more OH- ions than H+ ions. False
10. A buffer is a substance that minimizes the charges of OH- and H+ concentrations in a
solution. True
11. Starch is a structural polysaccharide found in the chloroplasts of plants. False
12. Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell wall of fungi. True
13. Steroids are composed of four fused rings characterized by a carbon skeleton. True
Fill in the Blank:

1. Fill in the missing words of the sequence: atoms, _molecules___, macromolecules, cells,
__tissues_____, organs, _organ systems___, organism.
2. _Science_____ is the knowledge about the natural world that is based on facts and is
learned through experiments and observations.
3. The __Cell Theory_____ states that the Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of
life.
4. The 4 macromolecules include: _Carbohydrates_________, _Lipids__________,
_Proteins_________, ___Nucleic Acid_______.
5. Atomic number is equal to the number of __protons______ of an element.
6. A _element_________ is matter in its purest form.
7. A ___Hydrogen_________ bond is between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative
atom.
8. _Potential ________ ____Energy_____ is the energy that matter possesses because of its
location or position relative to others.
9. __Chemical __________ _Equilibrium__________ is reached when the forward and
reverse reaction rates are equal.
10. _Valence_____ ____Electrons_________ are electrons on the outermost energy level of
an atom.
11. _Energy_________ is the capacity to cause change.
12. A solution_____ is a liquid mixture which 2 or more substances are uniformly
distributed.
13. A _solvent ________ is a dissolving agent.
14. A __solute_______ is the substance being dissolved.
15. _Tetravalency________ makes Carbon unique because it only has 4 valence electrons.
16. A _Phospholipid_________ is made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a
glycerol molecule.
Short Answer:
1. List the steps of the scientific method in order.
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Record Data & Analyze results, Theory
2. What are the four natural elements that are essential to life?
Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
3. List the three types of chemical bonds and their definitions.
Hydrogen- between a hydrogen and electronegative atom

Ionic-transfer of electrons
Covalent- sharing of electrons between two atoms
4. Explain the difference between a cation and an anion.
Cation- positive charge

Anion- negative charge
5. What are Van der Waals interactions
Electrical attractions between very close atoms in which certain charges develop
6. What are the four properties of water?
Cohesive/Adhesive, Moderating Temperature, Expansion upon freezing, Versatility as a solvent
7. Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion.

Cohesion- between water molecules
Adhesion-water sticking to other surfaces
8. Describe the 4 levels of protein structure and determine the associated bond types.
9. Explain the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Hydrophobic- water “hating”

Hydrophilic- water “loving”, affinity for water
10. What are the three types of isomers?

Structural, geometric, Enantiomer (mirror images)
11. Distinguish between Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids.
Lipids
Unsaturated-double bonds, liquid at room temp (Ex; Olive oil)
Saturated-no double bonds, lots of hydrogen bonds, solid at room temp (Ex: Butter)
12. List some functions of proteins.

Transportation, Enzymes, Movement, Hormones
13. What is unique about Sickle Cell disease?
Mutation in amino acid sequence, Normal has GLUT, mutation has VAL
14. List the 5 bases and the base pairing rules.
Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Urasil
Graphs/ Figures:
1. Fill out the table below:
Type of Monomer Polymer Function
Macromolecule
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Energy Source
Lipids Fats- Saturated & No polymers Energy Storage

Unsaturated
Phospholipids
Steroids (ex:
Cholesterol)
Proteins Amino Acid Polypeptide Movement,

Hormones, Enzymes,
Transportation
Nucleic Acids Nucleotides Polynucleotides DNA & RNA, genes
2. Label the following functional groups:
1. Hydroxyl
2. Methyl
3. Carbonyl
4. Carboxyl
5. Amino
6. Phosphate
7. Sulfhydryl

Biology 101 Exam 1 Review-2

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Biology 101 Exam 1 Review

Fill in the Blank:

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Record Data & Analyze results, Theory

3. List the three types of chemical bonds and their definitions.

Hydrogen- between a hydrogen and electronegative atom

4. Explain the difference between a cation and an anion.

Cation- positive charge

5. What are Van der Waals interactions

6. What are the four properties of water?

Cohesive/Adhesive, Moderating Temperature, Expansion upon freezing, Versatility as a solvent

7. Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion.

9. Explain the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

Hydrophobic- water “hating”

10. What are the three types of isomers?

11. Distinguish between Unsaturated and Saturated Fatty Acids.

12. List some functions of proteins.

13. What is unique about Sickle Cell disease?

14. List the 5 bases and the base pairing rules.

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Urasil

Lipids Fats- Saturated & No polymers Energy Storage

Proteins Amino Acid Polypeptide Movement,

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