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MATH263 ProblemSet2

This document provides a set of practice problems related to ordinary differential equations for an engineering course. It includes: 1) Finding the general solution to first order differential equations and solving initial value problems. 2) Determining if differential equations are exact or require an integrating factor, and solving them accordingly. 3) Finding integrating factors and solving first order differential equations. 4) Solving differential equations related to Newton's law of cooling and expressing solutions in various forms. 5) Demonstrating that a given differential equation is not exact but can be made exact with an integrating factor.

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Daniel Dickson
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44 views2 pages

MATH263 ProblemSet2

This document provides a set of practice problems related to ordinary differential equations for an engineering course. It includes: 1) Finding the general solution to first order differential equations and solving initial value problems. 2) Determining if differential equations are exact or require an integrating factor, and solving them accordingly. 3) Finding integrating factors and solving first order differential equations. 4) Solving differential equations related to Newton's law of cooling and expressing solutions in various forms. 5) Demonstrating that a given differential equation is not exact but can be made exact with an integrating factor.

Uploaded by

Daniel Dickson
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATH 263: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR

ENGINEERS, SUMMER 2015

1. Problem Set 2

Here are some practice problems related to the lectures. All problems are either from from
the textbook “Elementary differential equations and boundary problems,” by W.B. Boyce
and R.C. DiPrima, 10th Edition, or are similar to ones that can be found there.
(1) (See for instance 2.2.1–8 and 2.1.1-12.) Find the general solution of each of the
following first order ordinary differential equations:
dy 1
(a) dx + x+1 y = sin x
dy
(b) dx + y = e2x
dy 1
(c) dx + x+1 y = sin x
(2) (See for instance 2.2.9–20 and 2.1.13-20.) Solve the following initial value problems:
(a) y 0 − y = 2te2t , y(0) = 1.
(b) y 0 + 2y = te−2t , y(1) = 0.
(c) ty 0 + 2y = t2 − t + 1, y(1) = 1/2, t > 0.
(d) 2 dx
dt
+ 10x = 4et sin t, x(0) = 0.
(3) (See for instance 2.6.1–12, and 2.6.23, 2.6.24, and 2.6.25–31.) Consider the following
first order ordinary differential equations:
dy
(a) 2xy + (x2 + 1) dx =0
dy
(b) (2x + y) + (x − 2y) dx =0
(c) 2x2 + y + (x2 y − x)y 0 = 0
dy
(d) 2xy + x2 + (x2 + y 2 ) dx =0
2 2 dy
(e) x + y + x + xy dx = 0
2 2 dy
(f) y 2 exy + 4x3 + (2xyexy − 3y 2 ) dx =0
For each differential equation above first decide whether it is exact. If it is exact,
solve it. If it is not exact, first find an integrating factor. Then use this integrating
factor to find a 1-parameter family of solutions of the differential equation.
(4) (See for instance 2.6.23, 2.6.24, and 2.6.25–31.) For each of the equations below find
an integrating factor and solve the given equation.
(a) y 0 = e2x + y − 1
(b) 1 + (x/y − sin(y))y 0 = 0
(c) ex + (ex cot(y) + 2y csc(y))y 0 = 0
(5) Solve the differential equation y 0 = (1 + x2 )y + (x3 + x)y n . (Hint. When n 6= 1, the
substitution u = y 1−n may be helpful.)
1
2 MATH 263: ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS FOR ENGINEERS, SUMMER 2015

(6) (See for instance 2.3.18.) Consider an insulated box with an internal temperature
u(t). According to Newton’s law of cooling, u satisfies the differential equation
du
(1.1) = −k(u − T (t)),
dt
where T (t) is the ambient (external) temperature. Suppose that T (t) varies sinu-
soidally; in particular assume that T (t) = T0 + T1 cos ωt where T0 and T1 are con-
stants.
(a) Solve the differential equation (1.1) and express u(t) in terms of t, k, T0 , and T1 .
Also identify the steady state S(t) of u(t), that is the part of u(t) that fails to
approach zero as t becomes large.
(b) Suppose that t is measured in hours, that T0 = 60◦ F, that T1 = 15◦ F, that
ω = π/12, and that k = 0.2/h. Determine the amplitude of the oscillatory part
of S. Determine the time lag τ between the corresponding maxima of T (t) and
S(t).
(c) Suppose again that k, T0 , T1 , and ω are unspecified. Express the oscillatory part
of S(t) in the form R cos(ω(t − τ )).
(7) (See for instance 2.6.20.) Show that the equation
cos(y) + 2e−x cos(x)
   
sin(y) −x
− 2e sin(x) + y0 = 0
y y
is not exact but becomes exact when multiplied by the integrating factor µ(x, y) =
yex .

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