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R.M.S. (Effective) Value & Avg. Value

The document discusses various formulas for calculating: 1) RMS (root mean square) and average values of current (Irms, Iavg) and voltage (Vrms, Vavg) in circuits with different waveforms including full wave, half wave, sine wave, sawtooth wave and combinations of linear and constant functions. 2) It provides the calculations for Irms, Iavg, Vrms and Vavg for examples of each type of waveform using the appropriate integration formulas and known trigonometric identities. 3) The RMS and average values provide a way to compare the magnitudes of alternating current and voltage signals versus time in circuits with different waveforms.

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Karim Magdy
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
76 views8 pages

R.M.S. (Effective) Value & Avg. Value

The document discusses various formulas for calculating: 1) RMS (root mean square) and average values of current (Irms, Iavg) and voltage (Vrms, Vavg) in circuits with different waveforms including full wave, half wave, sine wave, sawtooth wave and combinations of linear and constant functions. 2) It provides the calculations for Irms, Iavg, Vrms and Vavg for examples of each type of waveform using the appropriate integration formulas and known trigonometric identities. 3) The RMS and average values provide a way to compare the magnitudes of alternating current and voltage signals versus time in circuits with different waveforms.

Uploaded by

Karim Magdy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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R.M.S. (Effective) Value & Avg.

Value

 Notes:
 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽)
 ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽)
𝟏
 ∫ 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)
𝟐
𝟏
 ∫ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝜽)𝒅𝜽 = − 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝜽)
𝟏
 Sin2(𝜽) = 𝟐 ( 1 – cos (2 𝜽))
 Cos(π ) = -1
 Cos(2 π) = 1
 Cos (0) = 1
𝛑
 Cos (𝟐 ) = 0

 Sin (π ) = 0
 Sin (2 π) = 0
 Sin (0) = 0
𝛑
 Sin (𝟐 ) = 1

 V = Vmax Sin( 𝜽 )
 I = Imax Sin( 𝜽 )
1- Full Wave : -

T=π

I = A Sin( 𝜃 )

1 𝑇 1 π
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝜃 = √π ∫0 (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃

π𝐴2 𝐴2 π1
= √ ∫0 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 = √ π ∫0 ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃
π 2

𝐴2 π 𝐴2 π 1 π
= √2π ∫0 ( 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 = √2π ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | )
0 0

𝐴2 1 𝐴2
= √2π ((π − 0) − 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛(0)) = √2π ∗ π

𝐴
= Amp.
√2

1 𝑇 1 π 𝐴 𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝜃 =
𝑇 0
∫ (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 = π ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)𝑑𝜃
π 0

−𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 2𝐴
= ( cos(𝜃) | ) = π ( -1 -1 ) = π Amp.
π 0
2- Half Wave:-

T = 2π
1 𝑇
 Vrms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑣 2 𝑑𝜃

1 𝜋 2𝜋
= √2𝜋 ( ∫0 𝐴2 (sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 0 𝑑𝜃 )

𝐴2 𝜋1
= √2𝜋 ∫0 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃
2

𝐴2 𝜋 1 𝜋
= √4𝜋 ( 𝜃 | − sin(2θ) | )
0 2 0

𝐴2 1 𝐴
=√ ((𝜋 − 0 ) − ( 0 − 0) = Volt.
4𝜋 2 2

1 𝑇
 Vavg. = 𝑇 ∫0 𝑣 𝑑𝜃

1 𝜋 2𝜋
= 2𝜋 ( ∫0 𝐴 sin(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 0 𝑑𝜃 )

𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 𝜋 −𝐴 𝐴
= 2𝜋
∫0 sin(𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 = 2𝜋
cos(𝜃) | =
0 2𝜋
(-1-1) = 𝜋 volt
3- Sine Wave:-

1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝜃

1 π 2π
=√ (∫ (𝐴 sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃 + ∫π (−𝐴 sin(𝜃))2 𝑑𝜃
2π 0

𝐴2 π1 2𝜋 1
=√2π ( ∫0 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋 ( 1 − cos(2𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃 )
2 2

𝐴2 π 1 π 2π 1 2π
= √4π ( ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | ) + ( 𝜃 | − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜃) | ))
0 0 π π

𝐴2 𝐴2 𝐴
= √4π ( π − 0 + π − 0 ) = √ 2 = Amp.
√2

1 𝑇 1 π 2𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝜃 = ( ∫0 (𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)) 𝑑𝜃+ ∫𝜋 (−𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃) )𝑑𝜃
𝑇 0 2π

𝐴 𝜋 𝜋
= ( -cos(𝜃) | – ( -cos(𝜃) | ) )
2π 0 0

−𝐴 𝐴
= ( (-1 -1) – (1-1)) = Amp.
2π π
4- Saw Tooth Wave :-

T=𝝅

𝑨𝒕 (𝑨 𝒕)
i (t) = =
𝑻 𝝅

1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝑡

1 𝝅 𝐴𝑡
= √𝝅 ∫0 ( 𝝅 )2 𝑑𝑡

𝐴2 𝝅 𝐴2 𝑡3 𝜋
=√𝝅𝟑 ∫0 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = √𝝅𝟑 ∗ |
3 0

𝐴2 𝐴
= √3𝝅𝟑 ∗ 𝝅𝟑 = Amp.
√3

1 𝝅 𝐴𝑡 𝐴 𝑡2 𝜋
 Iavg. = ∫ (𝝅) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋2 * |
𝝅 0 2 0
𝐴 2 𝐴
= 2 ∗ 𝜋 = 2 Amp.
2𝜋
5-

T=4

 0<𝑡 <2
𝑖−0 10−0
=
𝑡−0 2−0

i=5t
 2< 𝑡 < 4
i = - 10
1 𝑇
 Irms = √𝑇 ∫0 𝑖 2 𝑑𝑡

1 2 4
= √4 ( ∫0 25𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 100 𝑑𝑡)

1 𝑡3 2 4
= √4 ( 25 | + 100 𝑡 | )
3 0 2
1 (8−0)
= √4 ( 25 + 100 (4 − 2) ) = 8.16 Amp.
3

1 𝑇 1 2 4
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 = 4 ( ∫0 5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 ( −10 ) 𝑑𝑡)
𝑇 0
1 𝑡2 2 4
= ( (5 | ) – 10 t| )
4 2 0 2
1 ( 4−0 )
= 4 ( (5 ) – 10 ( 4 -2 ) = - 2.5 Amp.
2
6-
T=5
𝐴𝑡 5𝑡
I(t) = = =t
𝑇 5

51 1 𝑡3 5
 Irms = √ ∫0 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 = √5 |
5 3 0
1 (125−0 )
= √5 = 2.887 Amp.
3

1 5 1 𝑡2 5 25
 Iavg. = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = | = = 2.5 Amp.
5 0 5 2 0 10
7-

T=5

 0< 𝑡 < 2

𝑣−0 10−0
=
𝑡−0 2−0

V=5t

 2< 𝑡 < 5

V=0

1 2 5
 Vrms = √5 ( ∫0 (5 𝑡 )2 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 0 𝑑𝑡 )

1 𝑡3 2 1 (8−0)
= √5 ∗ 25 ∗ | = √5 ∗ 25 ∗ 3 = 3.65 volt.
3 0

1 2 5
 Vavg. = 5 ( ∫0 5 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫2 0 𝑑𝑡 )

1 𝑡2 2
=5*5* | = 2 volt.
2 0

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