DISASTER READINESS AND RISK

REDUCTION

11/12

SECOND QUARTER

Module 3

It’s all wet!

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Recognized signs of impending

hydrometeorological hazards (DRR11/12-

IIc-d-33), interpret different hydrological

hazards maps (DRR11/12-IIc-d-35), and

use available tools for monitoring

hydrometeorological hazards (DRR11/12-

IIc-d-36).
 To the learners

Be ready with another full of fun learning activities for you. Bring out your
Self - Learning Module and let us start learning.

1. Read carefully the given instructions in each activity.

2. The back page of the SLM can be used as a draft of your answer.
3. Always communicate with your subject teacher in case you do not
understand the instructions.
4. Avoid too much erasure, make sure that your answer is correct before
writing it.
5. Answer all the given activities to properly assess you and to determine if
learning really takes place in you. Write all your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
6. Enjoy and have fun while learning in the comfort of your home.

Expectations

At the end of this module, you are expected to recognize signs of

impending hydrometeorological hazards, interpret different
hydrometeorological hazards, and use available tools for monitoring
hydrometeorological hazards.

1. Describe the different hydrometeorological hazards that may happen due to a

tropical cyclone;
2. Identify areas to hydrometeorological hazards using the given hazard maps; and
3. Interpret possible scenario given the weather forecast using satellite
imaging and weather Radar.

2
 Pretest
Directions. Read carefully the given questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Philippines is yearly visited by 19 to 20 TROPICAL CYCLONES formed in Western

Pacific Ocean and about half (9-10) make a landfall. Which is NOT TRUE about tropical
cyclones?

A. It is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates

over tropical waters.

B. It derives its energy from the latent heat of condensation which made them
exist only over the oceans and die rapidly on land.

C. Tropical cyclones’ intensity does not vary, and the same in every country.

D. Tropical cyclone is the general term for typhoon, depressions, tropical storms,
and hurricanes.
2. RADAR is an acronym which stands for__________?

A. Radio Detection and Ranging C. Radio Disintegration and ranging

B. Radio and Audio Ranging D. Radio Detection Ranging Device

3. Which of the following typhoon in the Philippines was most destructive. Its record
shows that there were 5000 dead and 1000 missing individuals?

A. Ambo B. Ondoy C. Pedro D. Yolanda

4. What local storm is produced by cumulonimbus clouds which accompanied by

lightning and thunder.

A. Hurricanes B. Thunderstorms C. Tropical Cyclones D. Typhoons

5. Which of the following weather instruments is the oldest and commonly use in school
science weather activities?
A. Hazard maps B. RADAR C. Rain gauge D. Weather Satellites

Looking back
Label up!
Directions. Given the picture of terrestrial phase of hydrometeorological cycle, name and describe
the blank part of the cycle.

3.
4.

1. 2.
5.
3
https://bit.ly/3aP5R5l
Transpiration Cumulonimbus cloud Evaporation 3
Precipitation Surface runoff
 Brief introduction

Philippines is located along the pacific ring of fire with several active volcanoes
and surrounded with bodies of water. According to United Nations Development
Programme 2020, there are 7,641 islands that comprises the Philippines, it is considered
as one of the world’s largest archipelago. It is situated in Western Pacific Ocean and
frequently affected by monsoon winds. Monsoon is a seasonal wind, it is commonly
known as habagat (southwest), a warm moist wind causing rains over the western part
of the country, and amihan (northeast) a cold wind that bring rains over the eastern
part of the country (PAGASA).
Figure 1. Satellite image of Tropical Cyclone

https://bit.ly/36pciKH Figure 2. aftermath of

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) is visited by an Typhoon Yolanda

average of 19 to 20 tropical cyclones and 9-10 make a land fall.

Tropical Cyclones form in the Indian Ocean, and Southwest
Pacific. On the other hand, Typhoons form in the Northwest
Pacific Ocean, and hurricanes form in the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical
Cyclones are forms of hydrometeorological hazards characterized
https://bit.ly/36qI9KJ
by a strong winds and heavy rainfall. Since, Philippines is on the
rim of western Pacific Ocean, most of tropical cyclones pass on the area. Tropical
cyclones are often accompanied by heavy rains, and may cause floods, storm surges and
flashfloods in most of the low-lying areas in the Philippines. Flood is the overflowing of
the normal confines of a stream or bodies of water, or the accumulation of water over
areas that are not normally submerged. Flashfloods are caused by a heavy precipitation
in a short period of time. People living near the shore always reminded by an upcoming
storm surges whenever there is a typhoon. Storm surge is the rise and onshore surge
of seawater. Sometimes localized thunderstorm which is characterized by a strong
winds and heavy rain may cause hydrometeorological hazards. There were also recorded
destructive typhoons, that kills thousands of individuals and heavily destroyed millions
of properties.

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 Based on records, on November 8, 2013, typhoon Yolanda killed 5000
and left 1000 missing individuals. The National Risk Reduction Management
Council (NRRMC) in collaboration with the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) as the lead agency of the government, developed different disaster warning
systems for disaster prevention and mitigation.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) is mandated to “provide protection against natural
calamities and utilize scientific knowledge as an effective instrument to insure the
safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion
of national progress”, with this mandate PAGASA uses different tools and
equipment in weather tracking and warning systems in weather forecasting to
warn and prepare concerned communities.

Figure 3. PAGASA flood monitoring map

Google Maps Road
Maps
Map Legend

✓
Water
Level

✓
Rainfall

✓
Warming
Post

✓
AWS

Transparency

✓
Flood Map

✓
Radar

60 %

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/flood#flood-information
Table 1. PAGASA sample weather forecast
Place Weather Condition Caused by Impacts
Ilocos Region, CAR, Cloudy skies LPA/Southwest Possible Flashflood or
Cagayan Valley, Monsoon landslide due to moderate
MIMAROPA,Western with at times heavy rains.
Visayas and
Mindanao
The rest of the Partly cloudy to Localized Possible flashfloods or
counry cloudy skies with thunderstorms landslide during severe
isolated thunderstorms.
rainshowers mostly
in afternoon or 5
evening
 Rainfall is the most important climatic event in the Philippines. PAGASA, uses
rain gauge to monitor the rain all over the Philippines. It is the oldest weather
instrument use by PAGASA. Rainfall vary significantly, some part of the country
may experience heavy rainfall while other parts experience drought. El Nino
causes drought over land areas, it is a significant increase in ocean temperature
over the eastern and central Pacific Ocean which makes land to be dry for a
certain period of time
Fig. 4 Rainfall advisories, classification
Aside from rain gauge monitoring PAGASA in and measurement

partnership with DOST (Department of Science

and Technology) post routinely in their website
an updated color – coded satellite images from
Multi- Functional Transport Satellite
(MTSAT). In addition to that, PAGASA operates
10 weather Radio Detection and Ranging
(RADAR) stations all over the Philippines, to
detect rain, clouds and other hydrometeors.
DOST have launched project Nationwide
Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH),
this program uses a cutting-edge technology for
disaster prevention and mitigation. NOAH
website displays PAGASA radar data, rainfall and Official gazette.gov.ph
hazard maps in different regions of the
Philippines with 5-yr., 25-yr, 50-yr. and 100-yr. return periods. Return period
is a recurrence interval, a probability of an event such as heavy rain, intense
typhoon of floods to happen, this is based on statistical measurements and
historical data.
ACIVITY 1

Read between the lines

Objective: Identify the hazards brought by typhoon Yolanda, and name affected localities.
Materials: Article on Flood, highlighter pen, dictionary
Procedure: Read carefully the given reading material. Highlight the important words or
terms you come across with, and look for the meaning for a better understanding of the
article. Complete the given table by filling in the data needed taken from the article.
Answer the guide questions after.
General Scoring for rubric: https://bit.ly/36tE3S4

Equivalent score 4(10 pts.) 3 (8pts.) 2 (5pts.) 1 (3 pts.)

Specific Learning Organized logically and Generally organized Likely to be organized May be very brief and
outcomes clearly (structured to logically, but the illogically or randomly. underdeveloped or
reflect scientific logic organization may Used many vague and include much
and/or reasoning) lapse. Uses words imprecise words or irrelevant information.
Chooses words for their accurately, but may much inappropriate May use words
precise meaning. have unnecessary jargon inappropriately
jargon or a few overly
general or vague words 6
 Reading material

PAGASA: 'Yolanda' could be strongest typhoon to hit Philippines this year Louis Bacani (The

Philippine Star ) - November 6, 2013 - 5:43pm

MANILA, Philippines - At a televised press briefing, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) said the typhoon was last observed at 1,221

kilometers east Mindanao as of 4 p.m. Yolanda is already packing maximum sustained winds of 175

kilometers per hour near the center and gusts of up to 210 kph. Moving west northwest at 30 kilometers,

Yolanda is expected to enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility on Thursday morning. the 24th

typhoon to enter the country this year already has intense rainfall amount of about 30 millimeters per

hour. Yolanda is expected to make landfall over Eastern Visayas or Samar-Leyte area between 12

p.m. and 3 p.m. on Friday. Weather forecaster Christopher Perez said storm warning signal no. 1 will

be initially raised over Eastern Visayas once Yolanda enters the country. Officer-in-charge of the

PAGASA weather division, said storm signal no. 4 may be hoisted in some areas if Yolanda's maximum

winds reaches more than 185 kph. These are the Samar provinces, Masbate, Romblon, northern

Panay, and Mindoro area. Yolanda will traverse the Visayas-MIMAROPA area and cross the areas of

northern Cebu, northern Panay, Masbate, Romblon, Mindoro and northern Palawan.

PAGASA said land, air and sea travel are risky over the said areas from Thursday to Saturday. Floods

and landslides are expected along the track of Yolanda. Storm surges are also expected in the coastal

areas of Catanduanes, Albay, Sorsogon, Eastern Visayas, Dinagat Island and Siargao Island as early

as Thursday evening and over the seaboards of Visayas and southern Luzon area by Friday and

Saturday morning, respectively. Occasional rains and gusty winds over the provinces of Catanduanes,

Albay and Sorsogon and over Eastern Visayas and northeastern Mindanao beginning Thursday

afternoon. Stormy weather is also expected in the said areas and over the rest of Visayas and the

provinces of Masbate, Romblon, Mindoro and northern Palawan on Thursday evening until Saturday

morning.

Table 2. Complete the table by filling in the correct data from the article.
Hydrometeorological Affected Impacts (mild, DOST-PAGASA
Hazards localities moderate, severe) tracking device

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 Guide Question:
1. What hydrometeorological hazards would people be affected most?
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. Explain briefly possible reasons, why people in the area were severely affected by the
typhoon? _______________________________________________________________________
3. Suggest ways on how to mitigate impacts of Flash flood, flood and storm surges in
communities living near the harbor, along the shore, and low-lying areas.
_________________________________________________________________________
ACIVITY 2

Where’s the map?

Objective: Identify areas prone to hydrometeorological hazards.
Materials: Hazard map, pen
Point system. Use rubric in activity 1.
1.What municipalities are most flood prone areas?
2.Which municipalities are near river and creek?
3.Suggest ways on how to mitigate impacts of flood and flashfloods in most flood prone
areas. (Note: Clear copy of the map is in the last page.)

Fig. 5 Flood prone areas

ACTIVITY 3

Fig.6 Track of Typhoon Igme

https://bit.ly/3f0R7T1
Tell my future!
Objective: Predict the possible effects of
typhoon Igme in the Philippines.
Procedure: Given the satellite image of
typhoon Igme, and its actual track
movement using weather RADAR, predict
the possible hazards that typhoon may
bring to the Philippines.
Choose your answer in the sentence pool
below.

Severe Tropical Storm "Igme"

Tropical Cyclone: ALERT
1. Track and intensity outlook
2. Hazards affecting land:
3. Hazards affecting coastal waters

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 1. "IGME" is forecast to track generally northeastward throughout the forecast
period. It is likely to exit the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) between 5:00 -
8:00 PM today. This tropical cyclone is likely to steadily intensify in the next
couple of days. It is forecast to reach typhoon category within 48 hours.
2. No tropical cyclone wind signal is currently in effect. However, intermittent gusts
may be experienced over Batanes and Babuyan Islands due to the Southwest
Monsoon slightly enhanced by "IGME".
3. Today, the Southwest Monsoon will bring light to moderate with at times heavy
rains over Batanes, Babuyan Islands, Ilocos Region, Cordillera Administrative
Region, Zambales, and Bataan.
4. Flooding and rain-induced landslide may occur during heavy or prolonged rainfall
especially in areas that are highly or very highly susceptible to these hazards. The
public and local disaster risk reduction and management offices concerned are
advised to monitor the Rainfall/Thunderstorm Advisories and Heavy Rainfall
Warnings from PAGASA Regional Services Divisions and take appropriate
measures.
5. Those with small sea crafts are advised not to venture out over the northern and
western seaboards of Luzon due to moderate to rough seas (northern: 1.2 to 3.4
m, western: 1.2 to 2.8 m). https://bit.ly/3glFIvU

REMEMBER
Tropical Cyclone is a natural phenomenon which is essential to life on earth. It can be
both beneficial and detrimental.

Hydrometeorological hazards are floods, flash flood, landslide, and storms surges

PAGASA - DOST is mandated to protect the lives and properties of people through timely,
accurate and reliable weather-related information and services.

Weather RADAR, Rain Gauge, Weather Satellite are some of the different tracking
devices used by PAGASA to have an accurate weather forecast in the Philippines.

Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards (NOAH website displays PAGASA radar

data, rainfall and hazard maps in different regions of the Philippines

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions. Unscramble the given word to answer the question correctly.
NRUTER DOIEP
1. What do you call is the recurrence interval of an event like heavy
rainfall? ______________________
_____________
OINN LE
2. What will happen to the land if there is a significant increase in
_____________ temperature over the eastern and central Pacific Ocean?
NAHIMA ____________________________
3. What is the Northwest monsoon? ________________________
_____________
TAGABAH 4. What is the Southeast monsoon? ________________________
____________ 5. It Is characterized by a strong winds and heavy rains. _________.
MROTSREDNUHT
9
____________
 POST TEST

DIRECTIONS: Read the question carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. Which term DO NOT belong to the group?

A. Typhoon B. Storms C. Hurricane D. Storm surge

2. How many tropical storms enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) every year?

A. 19-20 B. 10-20 C.20-30 D. 30-40

3. Which do you think is the BEST practice to be done after the

passage of a typhoon?

A.Attend to injuries if needed

B.Stay in a sturdy and stable shelter
C.Remain calm and take notice of your situation
D.Participate actively in the school drills on disaster
response
4. Based on the given Metro Manila Flood Map (Fig. 5), which
municipality is the least prone to flood?

A. Caloocan City C. Quezon City

B. Valenzuela City D. Muntinlupa City
5. If the color – coded rainfall advisory and classification (Fig. 4)
is RED then, what flood possibility may happen?

A. Flooding is possible.
B. Flooding is threatening
C. Flooding is possible in certain areas.
D. Serious flooding is expected on low-lying areas.

REFLECTION
Directions. Based on what you have learned in this module. Write suggested possible
preparations you would do before, during and after the typhoon.

Table 3. Preparations to be made before, during and after the typhoon.

BEFORE the coming of a DURING the typhoon is AFTER the typhoon
Typhoon passing through has passed

REFERENCES
Vengco, L. G., Religioso, T.F .(2016) You and the natural world Earth and Life Science
Senior High School , Phoenix Publishing House
DepEd. (2020). Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). Teach Pinas.
https://www.teachpinas.com/k-12-most-essential-learning-competencies-melc
CHED (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction: Teaching Guide for Senior
High School 10