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Lecture 1 - Stress

1. The document discusses different types of stresses including normal stress, shear stress, bearing stress, and punching stress. It provides the equations to calculate average normal stress, average shear stress, bearing stress, and punching stress. 2. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating stresses in different structural members and connections under various loading conditions. The examples involve calculating stresses in beams, links, pins, and footing-soil interfaces. 3. Key assumptions made in stress analysis include members being prismatic, homogenous, isotropic, and subjected to centric axial loads. Stresses are calculated based on force and geometry of the cross-section.

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129 views22 pages

Lecture 1 - Stress

1. The document discusses different types of stresses including normal stress, shear stress, bearing stress, and punching stress. It provides the equations to calculate average normal stress, average shear stress, bearing stress, and punching stress. 2. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating stresses in different structural members and connections under various loading conditions. The examples involve calculating stresses in beams, links, pins, and footing-soil interfaces. 3. Key assumptions made in stress analysis include members being prismatic, homogenous, isotropic, and subjected to centric axial loads. Stresses are calculated based on force and geometry of the cross-section.

Uploaded by

Jay Vee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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L1: STRESS

Engr. Matthew Travis Alcantara


Geotechnical Engineering Group
Institute of Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
involves the analysis of stresses and
deformations of any load-bearing member

includes the study of


the body’s stability when a body is subjected to loads
3 Considerations for Design and Analysis of Engineers

STRENGTH SERVICEABILITY ECONOMICS


50
50 kN
50kN
kN 5050
200kN
kN
kN

AA(25
(wood)
mm ϕ) B
A B (50
(steel)
B mm ϕ)
samematerial
samesame diameter
material and diameter
How will this system fail?
Stress
• Stress is your body's way of • Stress describes the intensity of the
responding to any kind of demand or internal force acting on a specific
threat. plane (area) passing through a point
NORMAL STRESS
𝜎 SHEAR STRESS
𝜏
intensity of the force acting normal to an area intensity of the force acting parallel to an area
ASSUMPTIONS
AXIAL MEMBER P
• Prismatic
• Homogenous
• Isotropic
• Bar is straight (plane remains plane)

AXIAL LOAD
• Acts along the length of the member
• Centric loading
Average Normal Stress • Force per unit Area
• Intensity of forces over an
area
• UNITS:
• 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
• 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2

• Sign Convention:
• ( + ) tension
• ( - ) compression

P

A
Compression (-σ)

P

Agross
Tension (+σ)

P

Anet
Average Normal Stress
• Several external loads may be applied along
its axis

P
 
• Cross-sectional area may change

• To get the MAXIMUM AVERAGE NORMAL


STRESS, we select a section where P is
maximum and/or the cross-sectional area is
minimum.
A
EXAMPLE 1-1
The bar has a constant width of 35 mm and a thickness of
10mm. Find the maximum average normal stress.

15kN 4kN
26kN
12kN

A 15kN B 4kN C
Average Shear Stress
F
Shear: acts parallel to the cross-section
 ave 
F
F
A

F F F
NOTE: Shear stress is actually not uniform in cross-section
Average Shear Stress
Single shear

τave = F / A

Double shear

τave = F / 2A
EXAMPLE 1-2
• Two wooden planks, each 22 mm thick and 160 mm wide, are joined by the glued mortise
joint shown. Knowing that “d” is equal to 80 mm and P is 30 kN, determine the average
shear stress experienced by the glued joint.
• If the joint will fail when the average shearing stress reaches 1.5 MPa, what is the maximum
load P that the member can carry?
Bearing Stress

• Special type of normal


stress
• Commonly seen in:
 connections
(pins, bolts, rivets)
 base plates/
bearing plates of
columns
Average Bearing Stress
Connections Bearing Plates

𝑷
𝝈𝒃 =
𝑨𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆
𝑷
𝑷 𝝈𝒃 =
𝝈𝒃 = 𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕
𝒅𝒕
EXAMPLE 1-3

A 40-kN axial load is applied to a


short wooden post that is
supported by a concrete footing
resting on undisturbed soil.
Determine (a) the bearing stress
on the concrete footing, (b) the
size of the footing for which the
average bearing stress in the soil
is 145 kPa.
Punching Stress
• Special type of shear stress
• Experienced when:
 punching a hole on a member

𝑷
𝝉𝒑𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 =
𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒆
EXAMPLE 1-4
• A 20-mm thick metal plate with dimensions
150 mm by 120 mm is to be punched with a
12 mm diameter hole. The force P that will be
used to punch the hole is estimated to be 40
kN. Determine the punching shear stress that
will be developed.
EXAMPLE 1-5
Each of the four vertical links has a 8x36-mm
uniform rectangular cross section and each of the
four pins has a 16-mm diameter.
(a) Determine the maximum value of the average
normal stress in the links connecting points B
and D,
(b) Determine the maximum value of the average
normal stress in the links connecting points C
and E.
(c) Determine the average shear stress in pin B
EXAMPLE 1-5
Each of the four vertical links has a 8x36-
mm uniform rectangular cross section and
each of the four pins has a 16-mm
diameter.
(d) Determine the average shear stress in
pin C.
(e) Determine the bearing stress acting
between pin C and link CE.
(f) Determine the bearing stress acting
between pin D and link BD.

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