e-ISSN : 2620 3502

International Journal on Integrated Education

p-ISSN : 2615 3785

Smart Garbage Monitoring System

Mr. Pujari Y. M1, Ms. Patil S. S2
1Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, S.V.S.M.D’s KKI polytechnic,
Akkalkot, Solapur, Maharashtra, India,2Lecturer, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering, S.V.S.M.D’s KKI polytechnic, Akkalkot, Solapur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract:
Internet of Things (IoT) based smart devices are the core elements for any smart environment. The
sensors and actuators make the life easier when they are connected to one another and to the Internet. The
Smart city and ‘Swach Bharath Abhiyan’ projects introduced by the Government of India tried to promote
clean and hygienic Environment. The constant growth of population, industrialization and urbanization
increase the unorganized manner of dumping the solid waste in landfills. Smart waste management is the
must in all countries due to the voluminous generation of solid waste. In this paper, a methodology for
monitoring the dustbins in smart cities, household or organization is proposed. The dustbins are
monitored very often to check the garbage level. Whenever the dustbins reach maximum level, alert will
be sent to the corresponding authorities with the bin details to dispose the waste. Additionally, the gas
sensors in the dustbins detect the bad smell and alert when it reaches the threshold level though the
garbage level will not reach the dustbin’s maximum capacity. The areas which require emptying the
dustbins very often area also identified. Large-scale implementation of the system will promote a clean
and hygienic environment.

Keywords : Alert, garbage, IoT, smart dustbins

I. INTRODUCTION
Cleanliness is one of the important issues in the modern society. Solid waste is the sole factor which
has negative impacts on the health and hygienic aspects of people and environment. Even though many
efforts have been taken to handle the trash efficiently, it is a challenging dispute for all countries. The
Internet of Things (IoT) is a boon to solve this ever growing problem. To make a clean atmosphere, IoT
based automated process in waste management is necessary [1]. IoT makes the real-world objects to
communicate each other and also connect to the global network using various protocols and standards [2].
Whenever there is any need for disposing the trash in the dustbins, the notification will be given to the
corresponding authorities. The rising population, continuous growth of industrialization and urbanization
has led the country like India towards voluminous generation of garbage and polluted environment.
Overflowing landfills due to the unorganized manner of dumping of waste in organizations and cities will
bring serious environmental consequences[3].Waste can be a precious asset when it is properly treated
and reused. For the effective management of garbage, households and industries have to manage the
waste by regularize the waste monitoring process [4]. This paper suggests a methodology for a simple and
easy to use garbage monitoring system which monitors the dustbins of an organization and gives alert
notifications to the waste management department to take necessary actions to dispose the waste.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 reviews some related works in smart
garbage management. Section 3 highlights the scope and objectives of the projects. Section 4
describes the proposed methodology for garbage management system. Section 5 describes the
system implementation details. Section 6 explains the results obtained by the proposed model.
Finally, conclusion is given in the section 7 and this section also opens new perspectives related to
this research.

II. RELATEDWORKS
To understand the International and National issues related to waste management system, the related
recent works for waste management system using IoT were studied and analyzed. Padma et al [5]
recommended a smart waste management system to notify the waste level in the dumpster. This system
was composed of a microcontroller and GPRS module. The dumpster status will be notified regularly
using the sensors in the system. The sensor data is also stored in the database for future analysis.
Hassan et al [6] analyzed the Solid Waste for Quweisna Industrial Zone of Egypt .According to this
paper, every year the Quweisna Industrial Zone generates 170.446 ton of wastes, 32.39 ton wastes are
only recovered and 81% of wastes are sent to the local municipality. To transform the zone into a green
and clean area, the authors suggested recycling, recovery and reuse strategies.
A modeling study for waste management system was performed by Josia neetal[7]to evaluate the waste
collection process of Itajubá, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Data were collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires. Simulation and modeling techniques
were applied in this research. To improve the waste collection process, some operational ideas were
suggested.
And reasi et al [8] accomplished a comparative analysis on solid household waste and its impact on
environment in seven European countries such as Germany, Denmark, France, UK, Italy, Poland and
Greece. The authors considered those countries to represent the whole European Union. The collection,
separation, treatment and disposal process as the waste management in this research. All countries need to
update their technology periodically to meet the current challenges in the waste management process.
Shilan et al [9] from Iraq developed a smart solid waste monitoring and collection system. Ultrasonic
Sensor Arduino Uno and Radio Frequency (RF) transmitter were installed on the top of the waste box for
the monitoring task. A message (SMS) will be sent to the mobile phone of the truck driver about the
location and ID of the dustbin whenever the waste box is full and needs for disposing the garbage.
An automatic waste segregator system was developed by which Kesthara et al [10] to separate the
garbage into metal, dry and wet waste. Moisture and IR sensors were used to distinguish the dry and wet
waste. The authors explained only the theoretical aspects of the system. A smart waste separator was
suggested by Aahashetal [11] in which Ultrasonic and Metal sensors were used to classify the waste into
metallic and non-metallic wastes. The system was explained by using a block diagram and there was no
experiment in their proposed system.
A garbage segregator system was implemented by Balagugan et al [12] to classify the waste at household
level. PIC16F877 microcontroller was used in this segregator to control the entire process. An IR
(Infrared) sensor, a moisture sensor and a metal sensor were used to detect and identify various types of
waste respectively. The authors used Proteus tool to simulate their research idea to categorize the metallic
and non-metallic waste efficiently. There is no real garbage segregation in their work.
To identify the metallic waste, parallel resonant impedance sensing mechanism was used by Amrutha et
al
[13] In an automatic garbage management system. This system can categorize one waste at a time and
also it cannot segregate ceramic into dry waste. Mahajan et al [14] suggested a waste management system
for municipality. In this work, to monitor the garbage level, the public dustbins would be provided with
embedded device. Load sensors were used to increase the efficiency of the level of garbage whereas
moisture sensor was used to segregate the wastes.

III. OBJECTIVES ANDSCOPE

The primary aim of this project is to promote a clean and hygienic environment by developing and
automating a cheap, easy to use garbage management system to monitor and to treat the trash at
household or institutions. These objectives of this system are:
 To monitor the dustbins periodically.
 To give the alert to the person in-charge whenever the dustbins are full or the gas level in bins
increased.
 To automate the waste management process efficiently.
 To complain the administrator of the system whenever the waste management process is not done
properly.
The scope of the project is defined that it can be implemented only in household, organizations
and cities where technology like internet connectivity and other technology are available. Remote
areas are out of the bound as technical feasibility is not possible. Skilled and trained people are
required to control, monitor and manage the whole system.

I. PROPOSEDMETHODOLOGY
This project deals with the waste management systems in household or institution level through
which it can promote clean city. The Methodology followed in this smart waste management project
is explained by using the Fig.1.

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Fig.1. Flow Diagram for Garbage Management System

As it is given in the flow diagram, the dustbins in the particular area are monitored periodically.
First, the connectivity is checked and the problems
arerectified.Thenthegarbagelevelandbadsmelllevelofallthedustbinsaremonitored, if it exceeds the
threshold level, then the blocking-charge who manages the particular area will be notified to take
necessary actions with the block name and bin-id of the dustbin. Whenever the block in-
chargereceivesnotification,themessagewillbeautomaticallyforwardedtothepersonnelwhoareresponsib
leforemptyingthesmartbin.Afterwaitingfor30minutes,againthestatusofthesmartbinismonitored.Ifthetr
ashisnottreatedthenthewarningmessagewillbesent to the cleanliness administrator of
thesystem.Aftermonitoringallthedustbinslikewise,somedelaywillbegivenandagainthesystemwillresta
rtitsoperation.Thepseudo
Code for the functionalities of the smart garbage management system is given below:
Pseudo Code for Smart Garbage Management System
Input: garbage level, gas level, Bin id
Output: Alert Message with Bin_id 1: Start
2: Initialize no_of_dustbins, garbage threshold, gas_threshold, delay
3: if (devices_not_connected==true) then 4: rectify the Connectivity issues
5: else
6: for i=1 to no_dustbins do
7: get the garabge_level ofBin_i
// get the value from Ultrasonic Sensor
8: get the gas level ofBin_i
// get the value from gas Sensor
9: if (garabge_level> =garbage threshold or gas level>=gas_threshold) then
10: get the Block name of theBin_i
11. send alert to Block In-charge withBin-Id
12. // wait for 30 min. and check the status
13. if (Bin_i notempty)
14. send the warning to Admin. 12: else
13: end for
14: wait for the delay go to step 3
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//after some delay restart the process

15. Stop
IV. This pseudo code clearly explains various functionalities of Smart
Garbage Monitoring System. Careful deployment of the system in a large
scale will promote clean environment. SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION
The project was developed by keeping in mind of the need for smart garbage management system in
St.Josep’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India. The college campus is divided into
number blocks based on the location. Each block is given a unique name and is under the control of a
block in-charge and maintained by a small group of personnel. There are n ‟numbers of dust bins in each
block. Each dustbin has a unique ID along with the block name for the smooth functioning of the system.
The dustbins are attached with HC04 ultrasonic sensor, MQ2 gas sensor and SG90 Tower Pro Servo
Motor. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to indicate the garbage level in the dustbin; MQ2 will send the
presence of bad smell and level of gases and servomotor is used for the automatic movement of the
dustbin ‟slid. The entire system is under the direct control of the Cleanliness Administrator. The system
design for implementing the project is explained in Fig.2.

Fig.2. Waste Management System Design

When the garbage level exceeds the threshold, the ultrasonic sensor will send an alert to the block
in-charge along with the bin-id. Once the message is received, automatically a message is sent to the
mobile of personnel who is responsible for emptying the dustbin. The system will monitor the
current status and wait sometime (30minutes),if the dustbin is emptied during the waiting period, the
warning message is sent to the corresponding block in-charge and also the administrator to take
immediate action. The smart bins used in this project are given in the Fig.3.

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Fig.3. Dustbins used for this project

I. RESULT ANDDISCUSSION
The bins are placed in different locations. They sent the garbage level in the dustbins and gas
level periodically to the block in-charge and administrator of the cleanliness department. The output
generated by the serial monitor is given in Fig.4

Fig.4. Output of the System in Serial Monitor

The various alert messages sent by the system according to the status of the trash bins are shown in the
Table-I.
Table-I: Conditions and Corresponding Messages
Actions are taken place as per the alert messages sent by the system. The located areas of
the dustbins and their frequency level to empty the dustbins are listed below in Table II.
Table-II: Dustbin’s area and Frequency
Sr. No. Dustbin’s area Frequency
1. Canteen High
2. Toilets High
3. Hostels High
4. Administrative Block Medium
5. Staff Room Medium
6. Classrooms Low
7. Library Low
The above table shows the dustbins in canteen, toilets and hostel fill very often and require
emptying them frequently. The garbage collection in classrooms and library are low. It is
suggested to place more dustbins in the areas where the frequency is high. The system involves
number of sensors and other hardware components. Implementing the system on a broad level will
require lot of technical and financial investment
S.NO. CONDITION MESSAGE TO WHOM

1. Garbage level Bin is empty Block

= 0% in-charge
2. Garbage level Warning… 80% Block
reaches80% Filled in-charge,
Staff
3. Garbage level Bin is full. Block
>=95% Take Action in-charge,
Staff, Admin
4. 30 Minutes after Complaint Admin
filled
5. Gas Level < 300 Nil Nil
6. Gas Level>=300 Bad Smell Block
detected…Take in-charge,
Action Staff, Admin

The conditions and status of the dustbins are monitored. According to the current status of the bins like
gas level and garbage level of the particular smart bins, actions are taken place. The notifications sent by
the smart bins to the authorities are shown in Fig.5.

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V. Fig.5. Notification to authorities

VI. CONCLUSION
The project was designed to improve the waste management at an organization level. The
technical aspects and constraints related to the project have been analyzed before developing the
project. Large-scale implementation of the project will reduce the service cost associated with the
Waste Management System significantly. It is recommended to include surveillance camera to
monitor the improper usage of the garbage bins. In future, the project can be enhanced by
implementing data security and device security at the edge level. The stored sensor data can also be
analyzed for decision making.

REFERENCES
1. Fetulhak Abdurahman, Sileshi Aweke and Chera Assefa, “Automated Garbage Monitoring System using
Arduino”, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p-ISSN: 2278-8727,
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. I, 2018, PP64-76.
2. Nisarga T D, Sahana S, Saket Parashar, Suhas R, Shilpa R and Girijamaba D L, “Waste bin Monitoring
System using Integrated Technology and IoT”, International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278-0181,2018.
3. Patric Marques, Diogo Manfroi, Eduardo Deitos, Jonatan Cegoni, Rodrigo Castilhos, Juergen Rochol,
Edison Pignaton and Rafael Kunst, “AnIoT-basedsmartcitiesinfrastructurearchitectureappliedtoawaste
managementscenario”,AdHocNetworks,Issue87,2019,pp200–208.

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