SCHOOL OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 1

 Meet the Lecturer
Maika Tuicakau
• Part-Time Lecturer
• Civil and Structural Engineering
• School of Building & Civil Engineering
College of Engineering Science and Technology
Email: [email protected]

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 2

 Learning Objectives
• Understand the principles and theories of design of bridges
using AS5100 and other related Bridge Design Standards
(BS5400, EUROCODE, American Standards).
• Prerequisite : CEB706, Design of Reinforced and Pre-Cast
Concrete Structures. ( Design & Analysis of Timber and Steel
Structures – CEB607, Structural Analysis 1 – CEB604).

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 FNU - Course Outline
• Module 1 – Bridge Engineering (an Overview)
• Module 2 – Short Span Bridges
• Module 3 – Long Span Bridges
• Module 4 – Pre-stressed Concrete Bridges
• Module 5 – Steel Bridges
• Module 6 – Bearings, Substructures and Rehabilitation of
Bridges

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 Lectures and Tutorials

 Monday (9.00 – 11.00am – Lecture)

 Tuesday (8.00-10.00am – Lecture)

 Wednesday (8.00-10.00am – Lab)

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 Overview
Private Study  Review lecture material and textbooks and recommended
readings
 Complete set problems and assignments

Lectures  Find out what you must learn

 See methods that are not in the textbook
 Follow worked examples
 Hear announcements on course changes

Assessments  Prepare and complete tests

 Complete assignment
 Prepare and complete final exam

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 6

 Outline Assessment
1. Test 1 - 10%

2. Test 2 - 10%

3. Assignment - 20%

4. Project - 20%

5. Final Exam - 40%

6. Attendance - 75%

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 7

 Plagiarism:
Beware! An assignment that includes plagiarised
material will receive a 0% Fail, and students who
plagiarise may fail the course. Students who
plagiarise are also liable to disciplinary action,
including exclusion from enrolment.

Plagiarism is the use of another person’s work or

ideas as if they were your own. When it is necessary
or desirable to use other people’s material you should
adequately acknowledge whose words or ideas they
are and where you found them (giving the complete
reference details, including page number(s)).

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 8

 AS5100 - Outline
1. AS5100.1 Bridge Design - Scope and general principles

2. AS5100.2 Bridge Design - Design loads

3. AS5100.3 Bridge Design - Foundation and soil-supporting structures
4. AS5100.4 Bridge Design – Bearings and deck joints
5. AS5100.5 Bridge Design – Concrete
6. AS/NZS 5100.6 Bridge Design – Steel and composite construction
7. AS5100.7 Bridge Design – Rating of Existing Bridges, and its current
Supplements and the Amendments issued.

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 Session Outline
1. To understand basic concept and their classification?
2. To understand component parts of bridge.
3. To understand various elements of bridge components.
4. To understand functions of bridge components.

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 What is a Bridge
• Bridge is a structure which help for communication route
which carry road traffic or moving load over any obstruction or
depression like river, lake, road, railway, etc.
 They come in various forms and are constructed above the
ground or at the predominant level.
 Four of the most common bridge types include:
 Beam
 Truss
 Arch
 Suspension

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 11

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Small_footbridge.jpg

Beam bridges

Draw on the load path

through the structure

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/maths/02.TU.03/img/IM.1463_zl.jpg

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 Beam Bridges

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 Truss bridges
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/b/b4/500px-The_Little_Belt_Bridge_(1935).jpeg

Draw on the load path

through the structure

http://www.southeastroads.com/alabama020/us-043_072_tn_river_br_01.jpg

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 Arch Bridges (Truss arch bridge)
(Masonry) Arch Bridge
Grosvenor Bridge, Chester
Draw on the
load path
through the
structure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grosvenor_Bridge_Chester3.JPG7.jpg

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 Through Arch Bridge – Sydney Harbour Bridge

Draw on the
load path
through the
structure

http://gc.stud.tue.nl/oz/photos/nsw/0422_Sydney_Harbour_Bridge.jpg

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 Suspension Bridges – Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco

Draw on the load

path through the
structure

http://www.virtualtravelguides.co.uk/images/golden-gate-bridge.jpg

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 Suspension Bridges – Humber Bridge, England
Draw on the load
path through the
structure

Source: www.humberbridge.co.uk accessed on 21/11/11

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 Cable stayed bridges
Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, Dartford

Draw on the load

path through the
structure

Vasco Da Gama Bridge, Lisbon

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 Typical composite road bridge

Explain the form of bridge construction used here?

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 Piled foundations to bridge abutments
(substructure)
Driven steel Universal Bearing Pile - 305 x 305 x 186kg/m

What is the purpose of

the steel channel
welded to the flanges
near the top of the pile?

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 Bridge abutment sequence -
base
5. Pour concrete to base,
incl. wall kicker

4. Erect formwork /
falsework to base
3. Fix steel rebar cage to
base, incl. starter bars

2. Pour blinding
concrete to provide
clean, solid base
1. Piles driven
down to suitable
sub-soil

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 Bridge abutment sequence - base

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 Bridge abutment sequence - wall
8. Pour abutment wall
concrete

7. Erect formwork /
falsework to wall

6. Fix abutment wall

rebar, splicing bars
onto starter bars from
base pour, plus
starter bars above

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 24

 Bridge abutment sequence - wall
Timber formwork and falsework

What is this and what does it do?

Steel panel formwork system

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 Bridge abutment sequence - wall

Tie bars through walls –

with plastic sleeving to
allow withdrawal of tie
bar after concreting

The tie bars take the

concrete pressure, with
the falsework used to
support the formwork
and hold it in the right
position (vertical).

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 Bridge abutment sequence –
ballast wall 11. Pour ballast wall
concrete
10. Erect formwork /
falsework to
ballast wall

9. Fix ballast wall

rebar, splicing bars
onto starter bars from
wall pour

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 Bridge abutment sequence –
bearing plinths

Bearing plinth

Bearing shelf

Abutment wall

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 Bridge abutment sequence –
bearing plinths

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 Left: Bridge bearing placed in position
on bearing plinth

BRIDGE
BEARINGS

Right: Steel bridge

beams lifted into place
onto bridge bearings
(now fully grouted onto
bearing plinth)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 30

 Bridge sequence – intermediate
piers

What are these?

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 31

 Bridge abutment sequence –
bearing plinths
Steel bridge beams lifted into
place on bearings

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 32

 Placing of
bridge beams

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 Superstructure – diaphragm
beam
Diaphragm beam – this
runs along the back of the
steel beams, linking the 4
steel beams together.

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 Superstructure – diaphragm
beam
Bridge deck – the reinforced concrete slab on which
road is constructed.

Bridge concrete parapet

cantilever - this runs
along the line of the
bridge, onto which the
vehicle parapet is fixed.

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 Superstructure – bridge deck
Bridge deck – the reinforced concrete slab on which road is constructed.

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 Superstructure – bridge deck /
parapet
Ivel Bridges scheme used GRP panels and RMD Paraslim
system for deck / parapet formwork / falsework.

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 37

 Classification of Bridges:

Material for Alignment of Location of Position of flood According to Based on Type of

Based on Purpose
construction Bridge – ‘Z’ Bridge Floor Level Span Super Structure
• Timber Bridge • Straight Bridge • Deck Bridge • Aqueduct • Submerged Bridge • Culvert(up to 6m) • Arch Bridge
• Masonry Bridge • Skew Bridge • Semi through • Viaduct • Non Submerged • Minor Bridge (8- • Girder Bridge
• Steel Bridge Bridge • Highway Bridge Bridge 12m) • Truss Bridge
• R.C.C Bridge • Through Bridge • Railway Bridge • Major Bridge (Up
• Pre-Stressed Bridge • Foot Bridge to 120m)
• Composite Bridge • Long span
Bridge(More than
120m)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 38

39

Spray applied
waterproofing
to bridges
decks &
parapet walls

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 39

 Classification of Bridges:

Material for Alignment of Location of Position of flood According to Based on Type of

Based on Purpose
construction Bridge – ‘Z’ Bridge Floor Level Span Super Structure
• Timber Bridge • Straight Bridge • Deck Bridge • Aqueduct • Submerged Bridge • Culvert(up to 6m) • Arch Bridge
• Masonry Bridge • Skew Bridge • Semi through • Viaduct • Non Submerged • Minor Bridge (8- • Girder Bridge
• Steel Bridge Bridge • Highway Bridge Bridge 12m) • Truss Bridge
• R.C.C Bridge • Through Bridge • Railway Bridge • Major Bridge (Up
• Pre-Stressed Bridge • Foot Bridge to 120m)
• Composite Bridge • Long span
Bridge(More than
120m)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 40

 Materials for Bridge Construction:

Timber Masonry Steel Bridge

Bridge Bridge

R.C.C Bridge Pre-stressed

Bridge

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 41

 Classification of Bridges:

Material for Alignment of Location of Position of flood According to Based on Type of

Based on Purpose
construction Bridge – ‘Z’ Bridge Floor Level Span Super Structure
• Timber Bridge • Straight Bridge • Deck Bridge • Aqueduct • Submerged Bridge • Culvert(up to 6m) • Arch Bridge
• Masonry Bridge • Skew Bridge • Semi through • Viaduct • Non Submerged • Minor Bridge (8- • Girder Bridge
• Steel Bridge Bridge • Highway Bridge Bridge 12m) • Truss Bridge
• R.C.C Bridge • Through Bridge • Railway Bridge • Major Bridge (Up
• Pre-Stressed Bridge • Foot Bridge to 120m)
• Composite Bridge • Long span
Bridge(More than
120m)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 42

 Alignment of Bridges

Alignment of Bridges
• Straight Bridge
• Skew Bridge

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 43

 Classification of Bridges:

Material for Alignment of Location of Position of flood According to Based on Type of

Based on Purpose
construction Bridge – ‘Z’ Bridge Floor Level Span Super Structure
• Timber Bridge • Straight Bridge • Deck Bridge • Aqueduct • Submerged Bridge • Culvert(up to 6m) • Arch Bridge
• Masonry Bridge • Skew Bridge • Semi through • Viaduct • Non Submerged • Minor Bridge (8- • Girder Bridge
• Steel Bridge Bridge • Highway Bridge Bridge 12m) • Truss Bridge
• R.C.C Bridge • Through Bridge • Railway Bridge • Major Bridge (Up
• Pre-Stressed Bridge • Foot Bridge to 120m)
• Composite Bridge • Long span
Bridge(More than
120m)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 44

 Based on Purpose:

Aqueduct Viaduct

Highway
Foot Bridge
Bridge

Railway
Bridge

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 45

 Alignment of Bridges

Components of Bridges
• Carriageway
• Decking
• Abutment
• Pier

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 Bridge - Eurocode

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 47

 HOMEWORK
Concrete Basics
 Choose your
 Self Assessment Question (2 Question)

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 48

 Any Questions?

CEST-SBCE CEB805 Design of Bridges 49