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Wave Shaping Circuits Experiment

This document summarizes the results of an experiment analyzing clipping and clamping circuits using diodes. Table 2.1 shows the measured and expected output voltages for positive and negative clipper circuits as well as a clamper circuit. Sample computations are provided for each circuit. The conclusion states that wave shaping circuits modify voltage waveforms and diode clippers and clampers were analyzed in the experiment. Positive clippers remove positive cycles while negative clippers remove negative cycles. Clampers shift the entire signal up or down to position peaks at a given reference level.

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1K views7 pages

Wave Shaping Circuits Experiment

This document summarizes the results of an experiment analyzing clipping and clamping circuits using diodes. Table 2.1 shows the measured and expected output voltages for positive and negative clipper circuits as well as a clamper circuit. Sample computations are provided for each circuit. The conclusion states that wave shaping circuits modify voltage waveforms and diode clippers and clampers were analyzed in the experiment. Positive clippers remove positive cycles while negative clippers remove negative cycles. Clampers shift the entire signal up or down to position peaks at a given reference level.

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I took Taehyung's Hearteu
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DATA AND RESULTS

Table 2.1
Vout(Vp-p) Measured Vout(Vp-p) Expected
CIRCUIT Vin(Vp-p) %Difference
Value Value
+ Clipper 12 V 11.411 V 11.37 V 5.93%
-Clipper 12 V -12.50 V -12 V 4.17%
+ Clipper 12 V -11.97 V -11.3 V 5.93%
- Clipper 12 V 11.45 V 11.3 V 1.33%
Clamper 12 V 23.68 V 24 V 1.33%

SCREENSHOTS

Fig 1.3
Fig 1.2

Fig 1.3
Fig 1.4
Fig 1.5

SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS
for Figure 3.1

@ forward biased / + alternation

V O =V D ; 12 V – 15kΩ (I) – 0.7 = 0 ; I = 7.5333x10^-4

Vo = IR = (7.5333x10^-4)(15kΩ) = 11.3 V

@ reverse biased / - alternation

−V ¿ − V R − V D =0 ; V D =0 ; V O =−V ¿ Vo = -12 V

for Figure 3.2

@ forward biased / + alternation


V O =−V D Vo = -11.3 V

@ reverse biased / - alternation

V O =V ¿ Vo = 12 V

for Figure 3.3

@ forward biased / + alternation


V O =−V ¿ +V D Vo = -11.3 V

@ reverse biased / - alternation

V ¿ =V ¿ Vo = V R

for Figure 3.4

@ forward biased / + alternation


V ¿ −V ¿ − V o=0 Vo = 11.3 V

@ reverse biased / - alternation

V ¿ =V ¿ Vo = V R

For + Clipper V O =−6 V −15 k ( I ) −V D


V O =−V ¿ −V −V D
−6 V −0.7 V O =11.995
I= =3.53 x 10−4
15000 % Difference
V O =−6 V −5.295 −0.7 11.426 V −11.995 V
V O =11.995 | 11.995 V | x 100=¿ 3.56%
% Difference For - Clipper
12.424 V − 11.995 V V O =−V ¿ −V −V D
| 11.995 V | x 100=3.56 %
V O =−6 V −15 k ( I ) −V D
For - Clipper −6 V −0.7
V O =−V ¿ −V −V D I= =3.53 x 10−4
15000
V O =−6 V −15 k ( I ) −V D V O =−6 V −5.295 −0.7
−6 V −0.7 V O =11.995
I= =3.53 x 10−4
15000 % Difference
V O =−6 V −5.295 −0.7 12.424 V − 11.995 V
V O =11.995 | 11.995 V | x 100=3.56 %
% Difference Clamper
12.424 V − 11.995 V V C =V P − P −V D
| 11.995 V | x 100=3.56 %
V O =5V − 0.7=4.3 V
For + Clipper V O =V C + V D
V O =−V ¿ −V −V D V O =4.3+0.7=¿
V O =−6 V −15 k ( I ) −V D V O =V C + V D
−6 V −0.7
I= =3.53 x 10−4
15000
V O =−6 V −5.295 −0.7

CONCLUSION

In this laboratory experiment entitled “Waveshaping Circuits”, we are tasked to analyze


the clipping and clamping of the sinusoidal signal using the silicon diode. To simulate the
circuits, we used Multisim.

Waveshaping circuits are electronic circuits used by combinations of active electronic


devices such as transistors or analog or digital integrated circuits and resistors, capacitors, and
inductors for the generation or adjustment of specified time-varying electrical voltages or current
waveforms. To produce periodic waveforms, most wave-shaping circuits are used. The square
wave, the sinus and rectified sinus waves, the sawtooth, and triangular waves, and the periodic
arbitrary wave are the typical periodic waveforms. During the length of one cycle, the arbitrary
wave can be made to conform to any shape. This shape then is followed for each successive
loop.
In Diode Clipper, in a positive clipper, the positive half cycles of the input voltage will
be removed. The diode is kept in series with the load. The diode is reverse biased during the
positive half cycle of the input waveform, which holds the output voltage at 0 Volts. This
triggers a clipping off of the positive half cycle. The diode is biased forward throughout the
negative half cycle of the signal, so the negative half cycle occurs in the output. On the other
hand, in a negative clipper circuit, during the negative half cycle of the sinusoidal waveform, the
diode is forward biased and restricts or clips it while enabling the positive half cycle to pass
unaltered when reversing biased. Therefore, because the diode restricts the negative half-cycle of
the input voltage.

A clamper is an electronic circuit that, by shifting its DC value, fixes either the positive
or the negative peak excursions of a signal to a given value. The clamper does not limit the
signal's peak-to-peak excursion, shifting the entire signal up or down in order to position the
peaks at the reference level. In a positive clamper, when the diode is reverse biased, the input
signal is transferred to the output load and the input signal is blocked when the diode is forward
biased. And a negative clamper circuit is consists of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor is a
negative clamp circuit that transfers the output signal to the negative portion of the input signal.
The capacitor gets charged to its peak value during the positive half-cycle. The diode is biased
and acts forward. The diode gets reverse biased during the negative half cycle and becomes
open-circuited.

During the experiment, we had a hard time figuring out the shape of the waveform
especially the clamper circuit. Fortunately, we figured out the right shape for the waveform and
data for each positive and negative clippers and clamp circuit.

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