Modeling of Waste water Management System

ABSTRACT:

The wastewater treatment system is generally composed of several facilities and stages such as
collection of wastewater, its transportation to treatment station where treatments like primary, secondary
and advanced treatments are given for reclamation of water. These facilities and treatments Interacts with
each other and decides the cost of the managing the system at different locations.
The system is inherently dynamic, because all the facilities and treatments to be provided at all the
locations will generally be in different operating period of time and hence it is necessary to consider the
evolution in the production and treatment of waste. A model is presented here that considers the location
of treatment system based on quality, quantity and treatment of waste.

INTRODUCTION

Wastewater collected from municipalities, communities, Industries etc. must ultimately be returned to
receiving waters or to the land. The collection of wastewater can be traced in early 1800s. This developed
in latter half of 19TH century and was found the relationship between pollution and diseases and the
science of bacteriology applied to the subject of wastewater treatment.

Municipal wastewater is typically over 99.9% water. The characteristics of the remaining portion vary from
city to City depending primarily on inputs from industrial facilities. Wastewater treatment plants are usually
designated as providing primary, secondary or advanced treatment depending on the degree of
purification. Because of the changing characteristics of the wastewater, studies of wastewater treat ability
are increasing. Hence the relationship of the design of collection systems and treatment is receiving more
attention. As wastewater is transported in collection systems, it undergoes both biological and chemical
transformation.

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

It consists mainly of facilities and treatments units, collection of waste from various sources like domestic,
industrial, agricultural, power plants, nuclear plants etc. demands facilities of collecting and transporting
the waste. Various treatment units are included at treatment sites.

Primary Treatment

Primary treatment plants utilize physical processes, such as screening and sedimentation to remove
pollution that will settle, float or pass throughs simple screening devices. This is followed by chemical
processes / unit operations like flocculation, uv radiation, ozone treatment etc. primary treatment typically
removes about 35% of BOD and 60% suspended solids.

Secondary Treatment

The main purpose of secondary treatment is to provide additional BOD and suspended solids removal,
beyond what is achievable by sedimentation. Three common approaches used are to take advantage of
the ability of micro-organisms to convert organic wastes into stabilized, low energy compounds by means
trickling fitters and the activated sludge process followed by normal primary treatment. The third approach
is oxidation ponds where both aerobic and anaerobic digestion of waste take place. If the volume of waste
to be treated is large lagoons are created in place of oxidation ponds.

Advanced treatment is combination of both primary to secondary along with specialized treatment like
 Modeling of Waste water Management System

reverse osmosis, ion-exchange electro-dialysis etc.

Reclamation Of Wastewater

Wastewater reclamation is the treatment or processing of wastewater to make if reusable. These waters
includes off-stream uses like agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation, industrial recycling and reuse,
ground water recharge, recreational or environmental uses, non potable urban uses (fire protection, toilet
flushing etc.) and potable reuse.

Sludge Treatment

All treated wastewater at end produced large amount of sludge containing biomass. This sludge contains
about 95% of water which is required to be removed before it is disposed a any source. Sludge must be
stabilized so that further biological activities are stopped or putrefaction is reduced. Sludge is
concentrated, digested where anaerobic or sludge lagoons are favorable, conditioned, dewatered and
oxidized for ultimate disposal.

Fig. : Conceptual flow diagram of advanced wastewater treatment system capable of producing potable
quality water supply. ( Ref. Metacalf & Eddy)
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODEL

The wastewater management system is composed of three different services I:e collection of waste and
its transfer stations, treatment plants and reclamation. The transfer stations are the facilities where the
waste to be treated is temporarily disposed having once collected from various sources. The wastewater
is collected at such transfer stations by means of pipelines and pumping system to a common on location
known as common effluent treatment plant. This CEPT reduces the physical and chemical waste and
improves the quality of wastewater to meet the required standards. Reclamation is the end of line for the
most part of wastewater treatment.

Objective of Modelling wastewater management system is dynamic. All the facilities to be provided will be
operation for different periods of time, which requires the location of facilities to be taken into account,
 Modeling of Waste water Management System

evolution of the amount of waste produced by populations. Most of the facilities will be considered by the
populations.

Collection And Transfer Stations

These facilities are composed of one or more equipments (pumps, piping, fittings etc.) of equal or
different dimensions. Equipments of greater dimensions have generally greater fixed costs. These
facilities once created give least oppositions on the sources. These equipments once placed will stay
there until the end of planning horizon.

Treatment Units

These units requires an enormous initial investment compared to collection and transfer stations and
hence it is considered that once it is started it will be operational until the end of planning horizon.

PROPOSED MODEL

Definitions

A = {1,….a,….,n} = set of indexes

Locations producing wastewater
B = {1,….b,….,n} = set of indexes
Possible locations of transfer stations
C = {1,….c,….,n} = set of indexes
Possible locations of CETP
D = {1,….d,….,n} = set of indexes
Possible locations of utilizing treated water
E = {1,….e,….,n} = set of indexes
Possible dimensions of equipment used in transfer stations
with increasing capacity.
F = {1,….f,….,n} = set of indexes
Possible no. of equipments used in CETP.

GAbet = fixed cost of equipments at transfer station of size e at initial period t

GAcet = fixed cost of equipment of maximum dimension at location c at time period t

GAbt = transportation cost of waste from location a to b during time t + cost of handling.

GAct = transportations cost of treated waste from location c to d at time t + cost of handling

t = any time period from 1 to T

T = no. of time periods to be considered.

Let primary variable be all locations and secondary variables be equipments of different dimensions at
different locations with different capacities, cost and % reduction of waste.

1. At time t, the total cost of transportation of waste from different locations at A to locations B
with handling cost = ∑ ∑ ( GAbt )
t b

Assuming, no transportation took, at the beginning of time period t.

 Modeling of Waste water Management System

2. At time t, the total fixed cost of equipment of dimension e and capacity Q e at transfer station B

t1→T : B ( ∑ ∑ ∑ GAbet )
t be

Assuming, no equipment is installed at b at the beginning of time period t.

3. At time t, the total fixed cost of equipment of dimension e and capacity Q e at location C

t1→T : C ( ∑ ∑ ∑ GAcet )
t ce

Assuming, no equipment is installed at C at the beginning of time period t.

4. At time t, the total cost of transportation of treated waste from location C to location D

t1→T : ∑ ∑ GAct
t c

Assuming, no transportation took at the beginning of time period t

5. The capacity of equipment to reduce the waste = α, where α is waste reduction factor

If equipment of dimension e receives x liters of waste at location c the waste reduced

is x α % in equipment e.

Qw = amount of waste produced by location A in time period t

6. Total waste produced = ∑ QwAt

t1→T

Assuming, no waste was generated at beginning of time t

Q’b = maximum capacity of treated waste at C

7. Total waste treated at location C = ∑ Q’bxαCt

t1→T

CONCLUSION

The proposed modeling method of waste emission and treatment system evaluation is approached from
the economy aspects. The model is formulated as linear programming with meaning of each restriction. It
is able to estimate the amount of waste in each category which is emitted in the local region. It helps in
evaluation of the waste treatment system including waste recycling from view point of saving energy,
resources, cost, land filled site and environmental loads. The planning horizon is the lifetime of the waste
treatment facility for more than 20 years but treatment is evaluated here for long range.

REFERENCES

1.) George Tchobanoglous and Franklin L. Burton “ Wastewater Engineering Treatment, Disposal,
and Reuse”, Metacalf and Eddy, Inc., Tata McGraw-Hill
 Modeling of Waste water Management System

Takeshi Fujiwara “ Modeling Of Waste Emission And Evaluation Of Waste Treatment

Document By
SANTOSH BHARADWAJ REDDY
Email: [email protected]
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