HVAC

EBOOK PART 1
HVAC EBOOK
HINDI & ENGLISH
MR.RAM INTERNATIONAL HVAC COACH
HVAC eBook SYLLABUS
1 Definition of air conditioner & refrigeration system
2 Definition of refrigerant gas & types of ref .Gases pressure.

3 Refrigeration cycle basic in air conditioner & refrigeration system.

4 Working process of ref. compressor & types

5 Working process of ref. condensing & types
6 Working process of ref. cooling evaporator coil & types
7 Mechanical Protection devices in outdoor unit air conditioner

8 Electrical Protection devices in outdoor unit air conditioner.

9 Types of sensor in outdoor unit.

10 Types of sensor in indoor unit.
11 Types of indoor units & working process.
12 Package unit installation process and service maintenance

13 All kind of cooling equipment installation process and service

maintenance.
14 Types of FCU units installation process and service maintenance

15 Types of AHU units installation process and service maintenance.

16 Package type air conditioner unit’s installation process and service

maintenance.
17 Cold Storage Installation + And – Temp
Installation process and service maintenance.
18 Chiller Plant Air Cool Refrigeration Cycle
Installation process and service maintenance.
19 Chiller Plant Water Cool Refrigeration cycle
Chiller Plant Water Cool cooling tower
Installation process and service maintenance.
20 Cooling Tower Repair And Service
21 Boiler heating System / diesel / gas / electrical .
Installation process and service maintenance.
22 Fresh Air System
23 Ventilation System
24 HVAC Project Commissioning
25 HVAC top most question answer
26 HVAC sector Career growth
27 HVAC PROJECT MAP STUDY & PROJECT MAP READING
 LESSON 01
Definition of air conditioner & refrigeration system

पररभाषा

एयर कंडीशनर और रे फ्रिजरे शन फ्रिस्टम वो मशीन होते है फ्रजनके दु वारा

हम कूफ्र ंग प्रॉिेि को पूरा करते है और फ्रनर्ाा ररत तापमान प्राप्र्त करते
है ।

Air conditioners and refrigeration systems are machines by

which we meet the cooling process and achieve the specified
temperature.

रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि की पररभाषा
Definition of refrigerant gas

एक रे फ्रिजरें ट एक पदार्ा या फ्रमश्रण होता है , आमतौर पर एक तर पदार्ा , फ्रजिका

उपयोग हीट पंप और प्रशीतन चक्र में फ्रकया जाता है । अफ्रर्कां श चक्रों में यह एक तर िे
एक गैि और फ्रिर िे वापि चरण िंक्रमण िे गुजरता है । ऐिे उद्दे श्ों के फ्र ए कई काम
करने वा े तर पदार्ा का उपयोग फ्रकया गया है । फ़् ोरोकार्ान, फ्रवशे ष रूप िे
क्लोरोफ्लोरोकार्ान, 20 वीं शताब्दी में आम हो गए, ेफ्रकन उनके ओजोन ररक्तीकरण
प्रभावों के कारण उन्हें चरणर्द्ध फ्रकया जा रहा है । फ्रवफ्रभन्न अनुप्रयोगों में उपयोग फ्रकए जाने
वा े अन्य िामान्य रे फ्रिजरें ट अमोफ्रनया, िल्फर डाइऑक्साइड और गै र-है ोजेनेटेड
हाइडरोकार्ान के रूप में हैं
 HVAC
EBOOK PART 1

HVAC EBOOK
MR.RAM INTERNATIONAL HVAC COACH

TYPE OF REFRIGERANTS
A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a
heat pump and refrigeration cycle. In most cycles it undergoes
phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again. Many
working fluids have been used for such purposes. Fluorocarbons,
especially chlorofluorocarbons, became commonplace in the 20th
century, but they are being phased out because of their ozone
depletion effects. Other common refrigerants used in various
applications are ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and non-halogenated
hydrocarbons such as propane .

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 8 BAR – 110-120 PSI

DISCHARGE PRESSURE 450 -500 PSI
STANDING PRESSURE 225-230 PSI

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 5 BAR – 80-90 PSI

DISCHARGE PRESSURE 15 BAR – 250 PSI
STANDING PRESSURE 180-185 PSI

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 60 - 65 PSI

DISCHARGE 250 PSI
STANDING PRESSURE 150 PSI
 PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 15 PSI

STANDING PRESSURE 85 -95 PSI

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 0-1 PSI

STANDING PRESSURE 40-45 PSI

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 65 - 70 PSI

DISCHARGE PRESSURE 275 -300 PSI
STANDING 125-130 PSI

PRESSURE

SUCTION PRESSURE 75- 80 PSI

DISCHARGE PRESSURE 275 -300 PSI
STANDING 180-185 PSI
– R11: (ccl3f), low pressure (0 ° C 0.40 bar) is a cooler.
Predominantly 350 kW – 10,000 kW cooling capacity range in
which the centrifugal water chiller unit (chiller) is used. Full R11 is
estimated that 60,000 units used in water cooling unit in the
world. Production was stopped due to ozone depletion. on-
flammable and odorless.
– R12: So far, with the purpose of cooling was one of the most
widely used refrigerant. However, the use now because of their
negative impact on the ozone layer is a refrigerant which is
prohibited. Besides, toxic, explosive and flammable completely
safe due to lack substance.
– R123 (cf3chcl2) is used and the most appropriate alternative
refrigerant R11 in centrifugal chiller unit. R11’Evaporat is more
power to influence non-metallic materials. Therefore, R123 ‘
evaporator switch should be replaced all the rubber-based
material. Based R11’Evaporat has lower energy efficiency. In its
operating environment require additional measures because of
the poisonous property. Exposure to maximum dose is 10 ppm
for 8 hours.
– R134a (CF2CH2F), the thermodynamic and physical properties
of R12 closest cooler. The ozone depletion coefficient is still the
most suitable refrigerant for the 0 and other features. Vehicle
cooling and domestic alternative is the most suitable for the
cooler. R134a, is not compatible with mineral oil or
poliolalkalinglikolbazl should be used with polyolester oil.
– R401 to R22, R124 and R152a consisting of (by weight
were 52% / 33/15 rate) and a zeotropic mixture of
acceptable alternative to R12. That HCFCs may be used
until 2030 contained not a final alternative. This cooler has
been introduced by name by DuPont SUVA MP39.
– R402A: R22, R125 and R290 consisting of (by weight,
respectively 38% / 60/2 ratio) and a geotropic mixture of
acceptable alternative for R502. That HCFCs may be used
until 2030 contained not a final alternative. This cooler has
been introduced by DuPont SUVA HP80 by name.
– R404 R32 R125 and comprising (weight% 50/50 ratio)
and a near azeotropic mixture accepted alternative to R22.
Theoretical thermodynamic properties are not as good as
R22. However, heat transfer capability is very good. R22 –
R410 transformation is necessary to redesign the system. If
this change is made in the efficiency of the system it is
better than 5% compared to the R22. The high greenhouse
effect is the biggest disadvantage.
– R407C: 407C, R32, R125 and consisting of R134a (wt%
respectively 20/40/40, 10% / 70/20, and 23% / 25/52 ratios)
and are a zeotropic mixture acceptable alternative to R502.
– R410 R32 R125 and comprising (weight% 50/50 ratio)
and a near azeotropic mixture accepted alternative to R22.
Theoretical thermodynamic properties are not as good as
R22. However, heat transfer capability is very good. R22 –
R410 transformation is necessary to redesign the system. If
this change is made in the efficiency of the system it is
better than 5% compared to the R22. The high greenhouse
effect is the biggest disadvantage.
R500: an azeotropic mixture of R12 and R152a. Mixing ratio by
weight of 73.9% R12, R152a is 26.2%. Low rates of R12 is
used as an alternative. better COP by R12 and 10 – 15% has a
higher volumetric cooling capacity.
– R502: an azeotropic mixture of R22 and R115. Mixing ratio by
weight of 48.8% R22, 51.2% R115’T is. Most used are
refrigerated transport and commercial refrigeration field. at low
temperatures it has a high volumetric cooling capacity. -20, Are
higher than R22 in a range between -40 ° C and 1% to 7%. The
COP of R22, depending on the operating conditions of 5% – 15
higher.
– R507: R125 and consisting of R134a (wt% 50/50 ratio) is an
acceptable alternative for R502. This cooler has been released
by the name Genitors AZ50 ALLIED SIGNAL.
– R717 (NH3 = ammonia): Ammonia is malodorous and
colorless gas consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen. Chemical
formula NH3. fertilizers containing nitrogen, pharmaceuticals,
paints, is the first step in the synthesis of perfumes. Although
the OH- ions comprises shows weak base functionality. Hidden
in the gasification temperature is too high when used as a
coolant in industrial plants. Molecular weight 17.0304 g / mol, is
-33.34oc boiling point at 1 atmospheric pressure (239.81
K).Molecular shape is a triangular pyramid. highly soluble in
water is the polar molecules. In cases where more importance
to the toxic effects of large-capacity plant, cold warehouse, the
production of ice, the ice-skating rink and is widely used in
packaging frozen applications.
– R13: (cclf3), low temperature refrigerant used between -70
0C to -45 0C. Few are used in industrial cooling installations.
– R13B1 (cbrf3) -45 0C is used in industrial refrigeration in the
range of -700C. Because of the high ozone depleting capacity
of production and consumption under the Montreal Protocol it
has been completely stopped.
– R114 (cclf2) is non-combustible and toxic refrigerant. 80 0C
– 120 0C is used in industrial heat pump.
– R143 A: (CF3CH3) for long periods R502 and R22 are
acceptable alternatives. The use of ammonia is used in low
temperature applications is not suitable.
– R125 (CF3CHF2), R502 and R22 for the long term has been
accepted as an alternative. It is not appropriate use of
ammonia as R143 is designed for low temperatures.
– R152 to: do not cause damage to the ozone and the
greenhouse effect, which is very low (up to 2% of R12) to
R152 (C2H4F2), was adopted as an alternative to R12 and
R500 heat pumps.
Other Refrigerants
Recently, a type developed azeotrope refrigerant (mixed)
refrigerants are mixed in a certain ratio of two refrigerants were
in a single refrigerant such as mad available refrigerant.
Evaporation and condensation are no changes in the structure
during. In systems where the compressor is directly connected
to the electric motor, the power source frequency changes the
cooling capacity varies. This change can be avoided if
azeotrope refrigerant used.
Salt solutions donors at lower temperature from the freezing
point of pure water. chilled saline solution with direct coolant is
transported by pipes to the cold storage or ice-making system.
Taking heat from the material to be stored in cold and cools
them. It is most commonly used with calcium chloride brine
solution.
 REFRIGERANTS COMPOSITION

Refrigerants Composition (by weight)

R22 + 33% + 15% 52% R124 to
R401 to
R152

R22 + 60% + 2% 38% R125

R402A
R290

R125, R134a 44% + 4% + 52%

R404A
to R143

R125 + R32 + 40% 20% 40%

R407 to
R134a

R32 + R125 + 20% 10% 70%

R407B
R134a

R125 + R32 + 23% 25% 52%

R407C
R134a
R410A R125, R32 + 50% 50%
R500 R12 to R152 73.8% + 26.2%
R502 R115 + R22 51.2% 48.8%
R507 R143 to R125 + 50% 50%
 HVAC EBOOK PART – 02

REFRIGERANT
COMPRESSOR
A NEW CAREER - HVAC COACH MR.RAM

EBOOK FOR REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR AVAILBLE ON

PART – 02
FIND TH LINK
HVAC EBOOK PART – 03
REFRIGERANT CONDENSER
Classification of condensers
Based on the external fluid,
condensers can be classified as:
a) Air cooled condensers
b) Water cooled condensers, and
c) Evaporative condensers
Air-cooled condensers:
As the name implies, in air-cooled
condensers air is the external fluid,
the refrigerant rejects heat to air
flowing over the condenser.
Air-cooled condensers can be
further classified into natural
convection type or forced
convection type.
 TYPE OF AIR COOLED
CONDENSER

Schematic OF A WIRE-AND-
TUBE TYPE CONDENSER USED IN
SMALL REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

Refrigerant out

Refrigerant in

Air-cooled condensers:
As the name implies, in air-cooled condensers air
is the external fluid, i.e., the refrigerant rejects
heat to air flowing over the condenser. Air-cooled
condensers can be further classified into natural
convection type or forced convection type.
Natural convection type:
In natural convection type, heat transfer from the condenser
is by buoyancy induced natural convection and radiation.
Since the flow rate of air is small and the radiation heat
transfer is also not very high, the combined heat transfer
coefficient in these condensers is small. As a result a relatively
large condensing surface is required to reject a given amount
of heat. Hence these condensers are used for small capacity
refrigeration systems like household refrigerators and
freezers. The natural convection type condensers are either
plate surface type or finned tube type. In plate surface type
condensers used in small refrigerators and freezers, the
refrigerant carrying tubes are attached to the outer walls of
the refrigerator. The whole body of the refrigerator .
(except the door) acts like a fin. Insulation is provided between
the outer cover that acts like fin and the inner plastic cover of
the refrigerator. It is for this reason that outer body of the
refrigerator is always warm. Since the surface is warm, the
problem of moisture condensation on the walls of the
refrigerator does not arise in these systems. These condensers
are sometimes called as flat back condensers.
The finned type condensers are mounted either below the
refrigerator at an angle or on the backside of the refrigerator. In
case, it is mounted below, then the warm air rises up and to
assist it an air envelope is formed by providing a jacket on
backside of the refrigerator. The fin spacing is kept large to
minimize the effect of fouling by dust and to allow air to flow
freely with little resistance.
In the older designs, the condenser tube (in serpentine form)
was attached to a plate and the plate was mounted on the
backside of the refrigerator. The plate acted like a fin and warm
air rose up along it. In another common design, thin wires are
welded to the serpentine tube coil. The wires act like fins for
increased heat transfer are shows the schematic of a wire-and-
tube type condenser commonly used in domestic refrigerators.
Regardless of the type, refrigerators employing natural
convection condenser should be located in such a way that air
can flow freely over the condenser surface.
 Forced convection type
AIR COOL CONDESER
In forced convection type condensers,
the CONDENSING PROCESS
circulation of air over the condenser
surface is maintained by using a fan or a
blower. These condensers normally use
fins on air-side for good heat transfer.
FINS AND TUBE TYPE CONDENSER
FINS AND TUBE TYPE CONDENSER

WATER COOL CONDENSERS

FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT ALL TYPE OF COOLING
TOWER READ - EBOOK NO. 3
COOLING COIL
EVAPORATOR
AHU
AHU stands for ‘air handling unit,’ and is used to describe any
device that handles air. This includes devices that transport,
heat, or cool it. They are generally large machines that are
part of a HVAC system and often take air from outside,
condition it, and blow it into the building. Since they can
handle a lot of air, they are often used to cool or heat whole
buildings. If they are taking in 100% outside air and don’t
recalculate any indoor air, they are called makeup air units,
or MAU’s. The air handling units you see on roofs and
outside of buildings are called either packaged units or
rooftop units.

FCU
FCU stands for fan coil unit, and refers to a self-contained
unit composed of a fan and a heating or cooling heat
exchanger. The fans in FCU’s are, unlike in air handling units,
put inside the same space as the fan coil unit. FCU’s can be
controlled by a manual switch or a thermostat. As a rule,
they are small units that re-circulate air through a building
instead of taking air from outside.
Smaller fan coil units are sometimes called terminal units
because they can be seen as little air handling units for
single rooms. These units can be either mounted on the
ceiling of a room or on the floor.
FCU
FAN COIL UNIT

ALL COMPANIES MAKE

DIFFERENT TYPE MODEL IN FCU

FOR MORE IN FORMATION ABOUTFCU READ CHILLER PLANT EBOOK

AHU
AIR HANDLING UNIT

ALL COMPANIES MAKE

DIFFERENT TYPE MODEL IN AHU
FOR MORE IN FORMATION ABOUTFCU READ CHILLER PLANT EBOOK
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
AHU’S AND FCU’S
AHU’s are often used outside, especially as rooftop
units.
FCU’s have only one fan, whereas AHU’s can have
multiple fans
AHU’s often have different controls for parts of the
system, for instance they might have temperature
sensors, actuators, and humidity sensors.
AHU’s are more complex and can have sections for
humidifying and reheating. They often have
vibration isolators, mixing chambers, and other
components. Since they often take air from outside,
they almost always have a filter of some sort in the
first section of the device so that the debris from
the air doesn’t contaminate the other sections.
FCU’s are generally used for controlling the space
where they are installed. AHU’s are part of a larger
system.
FCU’s don’t generally use ductwork to cool or heat
air. The fan pulls the air over the coil.
FCU’s can handle water.
Air handler units normally put their fans at their
ends or where the ducts originate in order to
accommodate the many other moving parts that
are part of the system.
 HVACR: Safety Devices in Air
Conditioning and Refrigeration
Plants
Compressor Safety
A compressor in a refrigeration or air conditioning plant has
to be provided with some safeties to protect it from
operational faults. The three common safeties provided are
the high pressure trip, the low pressure trip, and the low oil
pressure trip among the others. A compressor has to be
protected against high pressure that can cause structural
failure therefore a high pressure cut out is provided,
similarly any deficiency in the oil pressure can damage the
bearings and a low oil pressure cut out has to be provided, a
lower atmospheric in the pipe line can cause air ingress and
therefore must be avoided. In this article we discuss the
different safeties one by one.
 हाई प्रेशर स्विच
िभी तरीके के क्या है डोमेस्टस्टक और िेंटर प्ां ट एयर कंडीशनर
फ्रिस्टम में कंप्रेिर को प्रोटे क्ट करने के फ्र ए प्रोटे क्शन फ्रडवाइि
और कंटर ो फ्रडवाइि का उपयोग फ्रकया जाता है फ्रजिमें मुख्य
प्रोटे क्शन फ्रडवाइि को यहां पर िमझाया गया है फ्रजिमें िवाप्रर्म
हाई प्रेशर स्टिच के र्ारे में र्ताया गया है हाई प्रेशर स्टिच फ्रडस्चाजा
ाइन और कंप्रेिर के र्ीच में कंडे निर के िार् गाया जाता है
फ्रजििे फ्रक हमारे रे फ्रिजरें ट के हाई प्रेशर को मेजरमेंट फ्रकया जाता
है अगर हमारा एक फ्रनफ्रित टें परे चर िे ज्यादा रे फ्रिजरें ट हाई प्रेशर
में जाती है तो उि दशा में हमारा हाई प्रेशर स्टिच कंप्रेिर की
पावर िप्ाई को कटऑि करने का काया करता है हमारा जो
हाई प्रेशर स्टिच होता है वह कंप्रेिर के मेन कां टरेक्टर के A1 A2 में
कनेक्ट रहता है फ्रजििे फ्रक हमारे कां टरेक्टर को 24V – 230V [ AC
– DC वोल्ट फ्रम ता है इिके खरार् होने की दशा में इिको चेंज
करना र्हुत ही जरूरी होता है अन्यर्ा फ्रिस्टम में कंप्रेिर के
खरार् होने के चां िेि र्हुत अफ्रर्क हो जाते हैं इिफ्र ए जर् भी कम
है स्टिच कनेस्टक्टफ्रवटी नहीं र्ताता है तो उि दशा के अंदर में हमें
इिको जरूर चेंज करना चाफ्रहए फ्रजि भी मॉड नंर्र का पूवा में
हो वही मॉड नंर्र का दू िरा हाई प्रेशर स्टिच हमको गाना
चाफ्रहए
 High Pressure Cut Out
High pressure can be caused in a refrigeration plant due
to various causes like over charge, loss of cooling water,
high ambient temperature, air, or other incompressible
gases in the system, and obstruction in the discharge
line of the compressor. For protecting the compressor
from high pressure and subsequent failure, a high
pressure cut out is provided that take a pressure tapping
from the discharge line and when it detects an over
pressure, it stops the compressor. The HP cut out is not
resettable automatically but has to be reset manually by
the operator. This is because the high pressure is a
serious fault and the cause must be investigated and
corrected before the plant is started again.
Operation of a High
Pressure Cut Out
The high pressure cut out as shown
in the diagram is of a simple
construction. It has a bellows that is
set against a spring. The nut at the
end of the spring is used to adjust
the cut out pressure. When the high
pressure gas enters the bellow, the
bellow expands and presses the
spring. At the cut off pressure the
movement of the bellow against the
spring releases the catch and the
contact is broken and the
compressor cuts off.
The switch arm can be pressed and
the cut out reset after the cause of
the over pressure has been found
and rectified.
Low Pressure Cut Out
To protect the compressor against low pressure in
the system and to avoid the ingress of air into the
system if a vacuum is generated in the lines a low
pressure cut out is provided. Also when the
refrigerated compartments are cut off by the
solenoids and there is no return gas, the low
pressure cut out is activated. When the solenoid of
the refrigerated compartments open, the return gas
comes in the inlet of the compressor and the
suction pressure rises, and then the low pressure
switch cuts in the compressor.
Unlike the high pressure cut out, the low pressure
cut out is self-resettable and does not need to be
reset manually.
DUAL PRESSURE SWITCH

MOSTLY USE IN COLD

STORAGE AND AIR COOL
CHILLER
 लो प्रेशर स्विच
लो प्रेशर स्विच कंप्रेसर में आने वाली
सेक्शन लाइन के ऊपर लगाया जाता है जो
लो प्रेशर गैस हमें हमारे कूललंग कॉइल से
प्राप्त हो रहा है उसके फलों को चेक करने
का कायय लो प्रेशर स्विच द्वारा लकया जाता है
अगर हमारे लसस्टम में रे लिजरें ट गैस की
मात्रा अगर कम हो जाती है या कही ं लीकेज
हो जाती है तो लो प्रेशर स्विच कंप्रेसर में
जाने वाली पावर सप्लाई को कट ऑफ कर
दे ता है यानी लक कंप्रेसर को बंद कर दे ता है
इस दशा में हमें लो प्रेशर स्विच को चेक
करना चालहए खराब होने की लदशा में से
मॉडल नंबर का स्विच में लगाना चालहए लो
प्रेशर स्विच कंप्रेसर को प्रोटे क्ट करने का
कायय करता है
Low Oil Pressure Cut Out
The oil is pumped under pressure by an
attached oil pump that supplies oil to the
bearings for lubrication. Any problem in the
lube oil pressure can jeopardize the bearings
and therefore a tapping is taken from the
pump outlet and fed to the oil pressure switch.
Any fall in the pressure will activate the cut out
which will stop the compressor.
 Oil Separator
As oil is miscible with the refrigerant and often
goes out of the compressor with it, it can go to
the evaporator where it can cause a decrease
in heat transfer. To avoid the oil from going to
the evaporator where it can form a layer inside
or cause obstruction an oil separator is used. It
basically consists of baffle plates that separate
the oil from the refrigerant and feed it back to
the compressor. A float valve is provided so
that short circuiting of the refrigerant should
not take place.
Oil Separator
Expansion
valves

Expansion valve for ammonia

Thermostatic expansion valve

Thermostatic expansion valve

Expansion valve for ammonia

 Thermostatic

Hand expansion valve

THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION
VALVES
 The valve holds back the high pressure liquid
refrigerant from the condenser and controls how
much refrigerant can pass into the evaporator.
This mixture of liquid/ vapor refrigerant is sprayed into the
evaporator where it will absorb heat from the air, or water, which
surrounds the pipe. In this example a fan is blowing air across the
evaporator.

As the refrigerant passes through the evaporator, and is exposed to

more thermal energy, it will undergo a complete phase change and
will become a saturated vapor towards the end of the evaporator
coil. During this change there will be little to no temperature change
because of the latent heat. Instead it will increase in enthalpy and
entropy.
The refrigerant will continue to pickup thermal energy and when it
does this after the phase change, it will then start to increase in
temperature. This superheats the refrigerant vapour. The sensing
bulb, of the expansion valve, is monitoring this temperature to
control the refrigerant in the main valve body.
Increase in cooling load
If the cooling load increases, more refrigerant will evaporate within
the evaporator. This will cause the superheat to increase which
means the refrigerant temperature will increase at the evaporator
exit.
The superheat temperature needs to stay within designed limits.
Therefore it now needs to decrease and this can be achieved by
allowing more refrigerant to flow into the evaporator. So the pin
needs to be pushed down to compress the spring and allow more
refrigerant to flow through the orifice within the main valve body.
Inside the sensing bulb is a small amount of refrigerant which is
separated from the rest of the system and constrained, in a closed
system, to just the volume within the bulb, capillary tube and the
power head.
 Electronic Expansion
Valves work

Electronic Expansion valves are used in

refrigeration systems to precisely control
the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator.
You can find these on everything including
VRF units
Inverter mini splits
Heat pumps
Chillers
AHU coils
❑Solenoid Valve
❑Industrial Valves अगर आपको लकसी भी वाल्व के
❑Hydraulic Valve बारे में अलिक जानकारी चालहए तो
आप लदए गए लकसी भी वाल्व पर
❑Ball Valve
स्विक कररए आपको ऑनलाइन
❑Gate Valve सारी जानकारी लमल जाएगी
❑Check Valve
❑Pressure Reducing Valve
❑Relief Valve ALL TYPE USE
❑Counterbalance Valve
❑Pressure Sequence Valve
IN HVAC
❑Flow Control Valve SYSTEM
❑Expansion Valve
❑Poppet Valve
❑Globe Valve
❑Diverter Valve
❑Knife Gate Valve
❑Needle Valve
❑Butterfly Valve
❑Safety Valve
❑Float Valve
❑Pinch Valve If you want more
❑Foot Valve information about any
❑Shower Valve valve, then click on any
❑EGR Valve valve given, you will get
❑Blow Off Valve
❑Baiji Gate Valve
all the information
❑Air Valve online.
❑Dump Valve
❑Shut Off Valve
❑Rotary Valve
PROTECTING REFRIGERATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEMS FROM
BREAKDOWN
❑The breakdown of air conditioning
and refrigeration equipment can be a
costly loss for a business or institution.
Due to the design and location of this
equipment, breakdowns not only
occur at a greater frequency than
other machinery, but the cost of repair
tends to be higher.
❑These breakdowns can be
classified into two categories –
mechanical and electrical. Proper
maintenance can help you avoid
either of these disasters.
❑Mechanical breakdowns make up
about 30-40% of air conditioning and
refrigeration failures. Here are two
ways to help avoid these types of
breakdowns.
❑Have a lube analysis done whenever routine oil changes occur.
Loss, lack of or contamination of lubricant directly results in the
failure of mechanical parts.
❑Keep the condenser clean. Disassemble and thoroughly wash the
condenser coils, especially the pollen buildup after the spring
months. Dust and dirt in the coils can cause the motor to overheat
and break down. Keeping the condensers in good condition extends
the life of the motor and compressor units.
❑Electrical Failures are the greater risk, accounting for 60-70% of
breakdowns. Taking the following precautions can help protect your
equipment from voltage spikes, brownouts, power interruptions
and even damage from lightning.
❑Install Transient Voltage Surge Suppression (TVSS) devices.
These devices will work to block voltage spikes. Installing TVSS
devices at each individual unit will be more cost effective than
installing at the main electrical service entrance.
❑Make sure to properly ground your electrical system. Lightning
has worse effects on systems that have been improperly grounded.
The system should be set up with a single point and high quality
ground.
❑Use start delay timers to prevent equipment from turning on and
off too quickly and shortening the life of the motor and
compressor.
❑The costs of protecting your air conditioning and refrigeration
systems are nominal when compared to their value and the cost of
major repairs. Practicing these maintenance procedures can
provide effective protection against breakdowns and associated
business downtime.
 ELECTRICAL
CONTROL & PROTECTION
DEVICE
ELCB.

An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety

device used in electrical installations with high
Earth impedance to prevent shock. It detects small
stray voltages on the metal enclosures of electrical
equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a
dangerous voltage is detected.
ISOLATOR.

The isolator can be defined as; it is one

type of mechanical switch used to isolate a
fraction of the electrical circuit when it is
required. Isolator switches are used for
opening an electrical circuit in the no-load
condition. It is not proposed to be opened
while current flows through the line.
 MCB.

Suitable for protection against

overload & short circuit for high
inrush current loads
FUSE.

In electronics and electrical engineering, a fuse is

an electrical safety device that operates to provide
over current protection of an electrical circuit. Its
essential component is a metal wire or strip that
melts when too much current flows through it,
thereby stopping or interrupting the current.
(RCCB)

A Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)

is an important safety measure when it
comes to protection of electrical circuits. It
is a current sensing device, which can
automatically measure and disconnect the
circuit whenever a fault occurs in the
connected circuit or the current exceeds
the rated sensitivity.
overload relay

An overload relay is an electrical device

used to protect an electric motor from
overheating. So it is essential to have
sufficient motor protection. An electrical
motor can be operated safely with the help
of overload relays, fuses otherwise circuit
breakers.
Magnetic contactors

Magnetic contactors are a form of electrical relay

found on most electrically powered motors. They
act as a go-between for direct power sources, and
high-load electrical motors in order to homogenize
or balance out changes in electrical frequency
which may come from a power supply as well as to
act as a safeguard.
RELAY

So relay is a switch which controls (open

and close) circuits electromechanically. The
main operation of this device is to make or
break contact with the help of a signal
without any human involvement in order
to switch it ON or OFF. It is mainly used to
control a high powered circuit using a low
power signal.
Transformer

Transformer has 230V primary winding and non-

center tapped secondary winding.
The transformer has flying colored insulated
connecting leads ( Approx 100 mm long ).
The Transformer act as step
down transformer reducing AC - 230V to AC - 24V.
The Transformer gives outputs of 24V and 0V.
3 Phase Voltage
Monitoring Relay

3 Phase Voltage Monitoring Relay

Control for connection of moving equipment(site
equipment, agricultural equipment, refrigerated
trucks). Control for the protection of persons and
equipment against the consequences of reverse
running. Normal/emergency power supply
switching. Protection against the risk of a driving
load(phase failure).
HVAC DUCTING
WORK
 HVAC DUCT
SYSTEM
The duct system is designed to supply
rooms with air that is “conditioned
"that is, heated or cooled by the
heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) equipment—and
to circulate or return the same volume
of air back to the HVAC equipment. ...
Your duct system has two main air-
transfer systems—supply and return.
 Boiler System
Diesel & GAS

An oil burner is a heating device which burns

and heating oils, diesel fuel or other ... of the nozzle
used to atomize the fuel, replacing the filter located
at the air handler, replacing the fuel filter on
the heating oil system from the tank,
 BOILER SYSTEM
र्ॉय र फ्रिस्टम का इस्तेमा हम ही प्राप्त करने के फ्र ए करते हैं
या फ्रिर स्टर ीम प्राप्त करने के फ्र ए करते हैं र्ॉय र फ्रिस्टम हम
डीज िे भी च ा िकते हैं और गैि िे भी च ा िकते हैं र्ॉय र
फ्रिस्टम का अफ्रर्कतम उपयोग वहां पर फ्रकया जाता है जहां पर
हमें स्टर ीम की जरूरत हो या हॉट वाटर की जरूरत हो इनको
ररपेयर और मेंटेनेंि करना र्ेहद आिान है

We use the boiler system only to receive

or to receive the stream boiler system. We
can also run with diesel and can also run
with gas. Boiler system is used maximum
where we It is very easy to repair and
maintain if you need a stream or need hot
water.
र्ाय र फ्रिस्टम को डीज या गैि िे
च ाया जाता है फ्रजिके अंतगात पानी को
गमा फ्रकया जाता है र्ॉय र फ्रिस्टम में गी
हुई कोय में ोहे की फ्रिन्स गी रहती है
र्ाय र फ्रिस्टम में ब्लोअर और नोज़ के
माध्यम िे फ्लेम र्ना कर स्पाका फ्रकया जाता
है फ्रजििे की आग उत्प्प्न होती है स्पाका िे
ऊर्ने र्ुवे को एजॉस्ट ाइन िे र्ाहर
फ्रनक ा जाता है , पानी के इन ेट और
आउट ेट के फ्र ए प्रेशर मापने वा े मीटर
का उपयोग फ्रकया जाता है फ्रिस्टम में मुख्य
िमस्याए नोज़ की आती या जायदा स्मोक
की आती है । िफ्रवाि करने के फ्र ए कोइ
को िाि फ्रकया जाता है जैिे हम फ्रच र
प्ां ट में कोइ िाि करते है हमे िभी
िप्ाई और ररटना का र्ै ेंि रखना होता है
अन्यता फ्रिस्टम खरार् हो िकता है ।
The boiler system is run with diesel or
gas under which the water is heated,
the cuckoo in the boiler system is
covered with iron fins and the boiler
system is sparked through a blower
and nozzle to form a flame, causing
the fire. Smoke bored with sparks is
released from the exhaust line, a
pressure measuring meter is used for
water inlet and out lat. The main
problems in the system are nozzle
flakes or excessive smoke. The coil is
cleaned for service. Just like we clean
the coil in the chiller plant, we have
to maintain the balance of all
supplies and returns, otherwise the
system can get damaged.
Abstract: The changes of flow rate and
heating value of blast furnace gas (BFG)
make the boiler operation more like art
than science. In this paper the
importance of operation and
maintenance and the effect on the
efficiency of boiler is discussed. For this
we are considering a case study of a 16
TPH boiler capable of generating steam
of 42Kg/Cm2and temperature 420±5oC.
A system for automatic closed loop
control of drum boiler heat load for
combined joint and separate
combustion of blast-furnace gas and
diesel oil under the conditions of
randomly changed flow rates of blast-
furnace and diesel is considered.
1. INTRODUCTION: Steam generation system or
boiler is used for changing the state of water
i.e. from water to stem using thermal energy
produced from various methods. For producing
thermal energy a combustion system with a
fuel and firing system is required. Firing system
varies depending upon the fuel availability.
From requirement point of view, both kinds of
steam can be generated from boilers; saturated
steam required for process heating purpose
and superheated steam for the generation of
shaft power. For both purpose in an industry a
PRDS (Pressure Reduced De-Super heater)
system is installed to generate a low pressure
and low temp steam. It can also fulfilled by
installing a back pressure turbine to generate
power. Here in this case study Diesel Oil & CO
gas is used as fuel to the boiler. For Blast
Furnace, CO gas is the major by-product. In
such cases dual fuel fired boiler is more
effective from economic and environment
point of view
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OIL & BF GAS
FIRED WATER TUBE BOILER: The working
principle of water tube boiler is very interesting
and simple. It consists of mainly two drums, one
is upper drum called steam drum other is lower
drum called mud drum. These upper drum and
lower drum are connected with two tubes
namely down-comer and riser tubes as shown
in the picture. Water in the lower drum and in
the riser connected to it, is heated and steam is
produced in them which comes to the upper
drums naturally. In the upper drum the steam is
separated from water naturally and stored above
the water surface. The colder water is fed from
feed water inlet at upper drum and as this water
is heavier than the hotter water of lower drum
and that in the riser, the colder water push the
hotter water upwards through the riser. So there
is one convectional flow of water in the boiler
system.
3. SEQUENTIAL FLOW OF WATER AND STEAM INSIDE
BOILER EQUIPMENT: 3.1 Feed Water System before Boiler
Water from DM water Transfer Pump Outlet Header is
taken to Feed Water storage tank, which is located near
the boiler over the boiler control room. The feed water
tank is provided with a level control system by which the
level is maintained constant. The level control system
comprises a level transmitter, Control valve, and its
isolation & bypass valves. The status on % opening of the
feed control valve is available in DCS through the position
transmitter. The bypass valves of the feed control valve are
normally in closed condition. The feed water tank is
provided with a level switch, for raising alarm on low
water level in the feed water tank. The signal is also used
for tripping the boiler feed pumps on
low water level in the feed water tank. The
feed water tank is provided with two level
gauges for indication of water level in the
tank. The feed water tank is complete with
a drain valve & overflow line. An LP Dosing
system is provided to boost pH of DM water
from 7 to 8.5 before feeding the water to
the feed water tank. Further any other
chemical required for sludge promotion in
boiler is also dosed through the LP dosing
system. The LP dosing system has 2×100%
reciprocating dosing pumps. The LP dosing
system is provided whit a motorized stirrer
for dissolving the chemical thoroughly
before dosing the same in the boiler. The
dosing tank is provided with a level switch,
wired suitably to raise an alarm on
exhaustion of chemical in the tank.
Feed water system from within the boiler: From
feed water storage Tank, feed water is feed to drum by
2×100% boiler feed water pump (1 working+1 stand by).
A three element drum level control system comprising
feed flow transmitter, pneumatically operated control
valve, steam drum level transmitter, steam flow
transmitter, is provided for maintaining a constant water
level in the steam drum. The control logic is incorporated
in DCS. The status on % opening of the feed control valve
is indicated in the DCS. The feed control valve is provided
with necessary isolation valves and bypass valves. The
feed line pressure is displayed in the DCS through the
signal generated from pressure transmitter located in the
feed line. Each feed pump is provided with pressure
gauges for local indication of feed pump discharge
pressure
A minimum bypass arrangement is provided
in the feed pump discharge line to bypass
the minimum quantity of water from the
feed pump. The arrangement includes a
solenoid energized pneumatically operated
bypass valve. In the event of raise of pump
discharge pressure, which is due to partial or
full closure of the feed control valve, or the
closure of the feed pump delivery valves,
the bypass valve opens. The command for
open/close is generated by the DDCMIS in
the event the feed water flow drops below
the minimum flow permitted
▪3.3 Boiler Evaporation System The feed water
is fed into the steam drum to the down comer section by means
of feed water distributor. The water passes to the bottom drum
through a section of convection bank tubes, acting as down
comers. The water rises through the furnace side tubes & Boiler
bank tubes to the steam drum. The heat transferred from the flue
gas exchanges the heat to the water inside the tubes. The
circulation is established through the furnace tubes and
convection bank tubes on siphon principle. The boiler steam
drum is provided with two nos. safety valves, One nr Pressure
gauge, One air vent valve, two no’s direct water level gauges. An
auto water level controller is provided to generate signal in the
event of low water level. This signal is used for alarm as well as
tripping of the boiler. The steam drum is provided with a
continuous blow down arrangement, which is manually set
depending on the recommended boiler water quality. The mud
drum is provided with provided with a motorized blow down
valve and necessary bypass valves. This is operable from DCS or
the local control panel through the use of push buttons for
open/close. The motorized blow down valve is provided with
position switches for feedback on 100% open and 100% close
positions & torque limit switches for motor protection. The blow
down lines from motorized blow down valve & continuous blow
down valve are connected to neutralizing pit.The boiler is
provided with suitable casing to prevent leakage of flue gas. The
casings are adequately insulated to prevent heat loss and for
human safety. The steam drum is provided with two stage
chevron separators for separating the moisture from steam. The
dry steam passes though the super heater coils to be heated to
necessary degree of superheat
3. Super heater system The saturated steam from drum
is passed through the super heater to obtain necessary degree
of super heater. The super heater coils are arranged
horizontally so that the super heater is completely drainable.
The super heater assembly is provided with necessary vents
and drains. The boiler is provided with a spray type de-super
heater for the steam temp control, comprising spray control
valve, Temperature element. The temp control action is
carried out by control system. The steam line is provided with
a pneumatically operated vent valve to vent the steam in the
event of steam demand variation. The valve is operated
through manual loader in local panel or through the re mote
panel.

A safety valve is provided for restricting the boiler pressure

to normal operating pressure. Pressure gauge, vent valve,
steam trap as required for regular operation of the boiler is
provided. A steam flow orifice meter along with flow
transmitter is provided in the steam line for measurement of
steam flow and for thee element drum level control. Sample
coolers are provided for sampling the feed water, boiler
water, saturated steam, superheated steam. All the sampling
lines are laid to a sample cooler station for taking samples
4. FUEL OIL HANDLING SYSTEM Oil for
main oil storage tank is taken in oil header by
two nos. LDO pressurizing pumps LOP 15172 &
LOP15173 (1 working + 1 standby). Two nos. oil
filters LOF01 & LOF 02 are provided on the
suction side of the pumps. The oil pressure in
the oil header is regulated by the back pressure
regulating valves. A pressure transmitter is
provided for generating 4-20 ma signals for
indication the pressure in the boiler control &
control panel. In the event of low oil pressure
the alarm signal is generated for raising alarms
in local boiler control panel. Each of the pumps
is provided with pressure gauges for local
indication. At the discharge of the oil transfer
pumps pressure switches are provide for
generating open/close contacts in the event of
low pressure. These signals are used for starting
the standby LDO pressurizing pump
instantaneously, when the oil discharge
pressure in the working pump drops due to any
reason. An oil flow element along with flow
transmitter is provided for indicating the oil flow
rate. The same is also used in control panel for
indicating, recording and controlling the oil flow
rate according to steam demand.
4.1 Fuel oil pumping system The LOD is
pumped to the burner nozzle by means of
(2×100%) two fuel oil flow rate pumps LOP
15172 & LOP 15173. Fine filter are provided in
the oil line for filter foreign material switch that
are likely to choke the fuel oil spray nozzle. The
LDO line is provided with high pressure switch,
low oil pressure switch, pressure transmitter for
indicating the oil pressure & for implementing
burner safety interlocks as explained in burner
startup& control philosophy. Alarm signals are
generated from control panel in the event of
low/high oil pressure.
The oil flow to burner is controlled using oil flow
control valve, the % opening of which is done by
the combustion control logic programmed in the
control panel. Return oil piping with a back
pressure regulating valve, is provided in the oil
line for recalculating the oil during the idling of
oil pump. The SSOV15181 is oil shut off valve
designed to close the oil flow to the burner
nozzle during the burner tripping SSOV12184 is
an air-purging valve provided to keep the
burner nozzles clean during the burner
tripping/shutting down. This ensures no oil is
left over in burner oil piping or burner nozzle.
BURNER
NOZZLE.
4.2 Burner atomizing system The oil
spraying from the burner nozzle is assisted by
the force provide by the pressure of atomizing
air. The atomizing air is drawn from the air
receiver through the pressure regulating valve.
The pressure switch is provided in the
atomizing line to generate signal in the event
the air pressure fails below the required
minimum pressure. The burner is tripped in the
event of low pressure of the atomizing air.
Atomizing air is shut off to the burner when the
burner is tripped. For this purpose, SSOV12184
is provided. SSOV12184, 12185 & 15181 are all
solenoid energized pneumatically operated
valves. Strainers are provided both in oil line
and airline to prevent any dirt blockage in the
nozzle.
NOZZELE SETING
BOILER OPERATION AND LOAD
CONTROL
The burner management logics put the burner
on minimum firing position as explained
above. Further firing rate has to be manually
raised as per the permissible boiler
pressurizing rate. The pressure building in the
boiler can be done either from the local panel
or from the remote panel. The pressure is
raised from the local panel through manual
loader.

Boiler drum water level Control The boiler

water level control can be done from local panel by means of
manual loader provided for feed control valve. The local/remote
option will be selected from boiler control panel. The water level
indication is available in the local control panel. The feed
regulation can be done from the control panel in the remote
manual mode. While on auto, three-element loop control, would
take over the feed water regulation. Auto mode selection is to be
done only after the plant running is stabilized. The reason is that
the steam flow signal is being used for three element level control.
The three-element control responds to variation ibn steam
demand immediately. Under any circumstance, if the feed water
flow comes below the preset value. The minimum flow (solenoid
energized pneumatically actuated) valve LV31003 is actuated. This
safeguards the boiler feed pump against failures due to no flow.
Super heater temperature control The boiler
Feed water tank level control can be done from local panel by
means of manual loader provided for feed water tank control
valve. The local/remote option will be decided from boiler
control panel. The water level indication is available in the boiler
control panel. The water flow regulation can be done from the
remote panel in the remote manual mode. While on auto, single
element loop control would take over the feed water tank level
regulation through the level controller. The level signal
transmitted by level transmitter LT31001 located on Feed Water
Tank is used for Level Control.
6.3 LP dosing control The Boiler feed water is
transferred by the transfer pump to the feed water tank. The pH
of the water is the range of 6.5 to 7. The pH is to be boosted to
8.5 to 9.5 in the feed water tank. Morpholine shall be used for
raising the pH. The dosing rate is set by testing the water for pH.
Dosing chemical such as tri-sodium phosphate/Hexa met-
phosphate is to be fed in the boiler for removal of residual
hardness. The required residual PO4 level shell be maintained in
the boiler water. The dosing rate is established by trial
adjustment.
6.4 Blow down control The TDS in the boiler water
is to set below the recommended limit. This can be established
by adjusting the continuous blow down valve CBD1286. The
intermittent motorized blow down valve IBV, is operated only
for draining/ emergency draining of the water from the boiler.
6.5 Vent Control The vent control valve can be operated locally
by rotating the hand wheel or electrically by keeping the
selector switch in manual mode. Also can be operated from
remote area through DCS by keeping the selector switch in
`remote mode.. This selector switch is available on the valve
actuator. It can be operated as necessary, at the time of starting
the boiler and also at the time of running for controlling the
steam pressure.
7. CONCLUSION: The energy contained in the Blast
furnace Gas (CO majority) having a calorific value 670 Kcal/Kg
can be utilized by burning it in a dual fuel fired boiler to produce
steam for Power generation as well as process heating purpose.
Proper operation of the boiler increases the efficiency of the
steam generation system. As the CO gas contain some fly ash
after filtration, so it is very much necessary to maintain the
boiler along with its components and accessories in proper
condition, so that it will give its maximum output.
Fresh Air System
िेश एयर लसस्टम के माध्यम िे हम हमारे मकान ऑफ्रिि
फ्रर्स्टडंग में वातावरण की शुद्ध हवा को प्रवेश दे ते हैं इिके फ्र ए हम
िेश एयर िैन का उपयोग करते हैं और अफ्रर्कतर माम ों में हम
िेश एयर िैन को कूफ्र ंग ाइन िे भी कनेक्ट करते हैं फ्रजििे फ्रक
हमारी वायु की शुद्धता र्नी रहे हमारे घर मकान ऑफ्रिि में
ऑक्सीजन की शुद्ध मात्रा को र्नाए रखने के फ्र ए हम प्रेशर फ्रिस्टम
का उपयोग करते हैं िेश एयर फ्रिस्टम की िप्ाई डस्टक्टंग या पीवीिी
पाइप ाइन के माध्यम िे होती है फ्रजिमें हम डे कोरे शन के फ्र ए दीया
फ्रडफ्यू जर का इस्तेमा कर िकते हैं आर्ुफ्रनक मकानों को और भी
अफ्रर्क िुंदरता दे ने के फ्र ए हम प्रेशर फ्रिस्टम का उपयोग कर और
फ्रडफ्यू जिा फ्रि का प्रयोग कर िकते हैं फ्रजििे फ्रक हम ज्यादा खचाा
फ्रकए फ्रर्ना भी एक अच्छा ुक हमारे मकान या ऑफ्रिि को दे िकते हैं
िेश एयर फ्रिस्टम आज की आर्ुफ्रनक आवश्कता है िेश एयर
फ्रिस्टम हमारे िास्थ्य के फ्र ए जरूरी है िेश एयर फ्रिस्टम कम खचे में
फ्रकया गाया जा िकता है .
 FRESH AIR FAN

Through the fresh air system we enter the air purifier in our
house office building for this we use fresh air fan and in most
cases we also connect the fresh air fan to the cooling line so
that our air To maintain the purity of oxygen in our home
office, we use a pressure system. The supply of fresh air
system is through ducting or PVC pipeline in which we use Dia
diffuser for decoration. To give even more beauty to modern
houses, we can use the pressure system and the diffusers grill
so that we can give a good look to our house or office without
spending too much of the fresh air system today. Modern
requirement is Fresh air system is essential for our health
Fresh air system can be installed at a low cost.
Ventilation System
फ्रजि तरह हम र्ाहर की िेश एयर को हमारे हाउि या
फ्रर्स्टडंग या िैक्टर ी में ेकर आते हैं चाहे हमारा होट हो या
फ्रिर को प्ां ट हमें प्रेशर और की जरूरत होती ही है उिी
तरीके िे हमारे हाउि फ्रर्स्टडंग रे स्टोरें ट होटल्स इं डस्टस्टरय
प्ां ट िभी में इनिाइड जो अपना िरिेि एररया रहता है वहां
की गंद या फ्रिर वहां की हवा को ररिेश करने के फ्र ए वहां की
हवा को वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन द्वारा फ्रर्स्टडंग िे र्ाहर फ्रनका ा जाता
है एग्जास्ट िैन के माध्यम िे ाइन फ्रर्छाई जाती है फ्रजििे फ्रक
हमारा फ्रकचन टॉय ेट र्ार्रूम या फ्रिर कोई भी र्ुुँ वा आफ्रद
हम फ्रर्स्टडंग िे र्ाहर फ्रनका िकें वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन और
एग्जास्ट िैन दोनों की िाइज हमारी आवश्कता पर फ्रनभार
करती है हमारे प्रोजेक्ट पर फ्रनभार करती हैं वेंटी ेशन ाइन
का महत्व र्हुत अफ्रर्क होता है फ्रकिी भी मकान फ्रर्स्टडंग
रे स्टोरें ट होट इं डस्टस्टरय प्ां ट िभी जगह है

Just as we bring outside fresh air to our house or building

or factory, whether it is our hotel or any other plant, we
need pressure and in the same way our house building
restaurant hotels industrial plant is inside everyone who
has their own surface. The area remains dirty or to
refresh the air there, the air is taken out of the building
by ventilation line, the line is laid through the exhaust fan
so that our kitchen toilet bathroom or any smoke etc. We
can pull out of the building. The size of both the
ventilation line and exhaust fan depends on our
requirement. The ventilation line is very important
depending on our project. Any house building restaurant
hotel industrial plant is everywhere.
Ventilation fan
VENTILATION FAN &
DUCT CLEANING
एग्जॉस्ट िैन की िाि-ििाई और वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन की
िाि ििाई करना र्हुत ही आवश्क है रे गु र
उपयोग में आने वा े होट रे स्टोरें ट इं डस्टस्टरय प्ां ट
िभी में जो एग्जॉस्ट िैन होते हैं उन पर गं दगी र्हुत ही
कम िमय में जमा हो जाती हैं इि वजह िे वेंटी ेशन
िैन का एयर फ्लो आउट करने का र्ीमा हो जाता है
इिफ्र ए हमें िमय-िमय पर वेंटी ेशन िैन को िाि
करते रहना चाफ्रहए और आवश्कता आने पर हमें
DUCT को भी क्लीन करना चाफ्रहए यह िाि ििाई का
काया फ्रनरं तर च ता रहना चाफ्रहए अफ्रर्कतर दे खा जाता
है फ्रक पुराने रे स्टोरें ट् ि और होट में वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन
अत्यफ्रर्क गंदा होने के कारण उिमें स्टि जमा हो जाते
हैं फ्रजिकी वजह िे फ्रकचन में आग गने का खतरा
ज्यादा हो जाता है इिफ्र ए वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन को एक
िमय के र्ाद में या तो चेंज कर दे ना चाफ्रहए या उिको
प्रोिेशन िे टे क्नीफ्रशयन िफ्रवाि करवाना चाफ्रहए आज
के आर्ुफ्रनक िमय में वेंफ्रट ेशन ाइन का उपयोग र्हुत
ही अफ्रर्क और अफ्रनवाया हो चुका है
Cleaning of exhaust fan and cleaning of
ventilation line is very essential. Regularly used
hotel restaurant industrial plant has exhaust fans
in all of which the dirt accumulates in a very short
time due to this ventilation fan. The air flow slows
down so we should keep the fans of the
ventilation fan clean from time to time, and we
should also clean the gut when needed. In old
restaurants and hotels, the ventilation line
becomes very dirty, because of which the skills
accumulate, which increases the risk of fire in the
kitchen, so the ventilation line should be changed
after a time or it should be changed from
professional Technician should be serviced. In
today's modern use of ventilation line has
become very high and mandatory.
DUCT
CLEANING
EQUIPMENT
HVAC Water Chillers
 फ्रच र प्ां ट दो प्रकार के होते हैं एक होता है वाटर कू फ्रच र प्ां ट दू िरा
एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट दोस्तों अगर हम फ्रच र प्ां ट के र्ारे में िीखना चाहते
हैं या उिके र्ारे में और अफ्रर्क जानना चाहते हैं तो िर्िे पह े तो हमें यह
िमझना होगा फ्रक आस्टखर फ्रच र प्ां ट का मत र् क्या होता है फ्रच र प्ां ट का
मत र् यह होता है फ्रजि तरीके िे हमारी रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि फ्रकिी भी एयर
कंडीशनर में कंप्रेि करने के र्ाद कंडें फ्रिंग होने के र्ाद इं डोर यूफ्रनट में जाकर
कूफ्र ंग प्रदान करती है उिी तरीके िे हमारी रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि यहां पर पानी को
ठं डा करती है और यह पानी हमारी जो कूफ्र ंग कॉइ जो प्ां ट रूम में
कंप्रेिर के िार् जोड़ी रहती है वो पानी को ठं डा करती है अर् इि फ्रचड वाटर
को हम प्ां ट रूम में वाटर पम्प के माध्यम िे जहाुँ हमे कूफ्र ंग चाफ्रहए वहां गे
इनडोर यूफ्रनट में िप्ाई फ्रकया जाता है और ररटना पाइप ाइन के माध्यम िे
वापि कूफ्र ंग कोइ में आ जाता है फ्रिर िे कूफ्र ंग कोइ पानी को ठं डा
करती है और ये क्रम च ता रहता है जो हमारे इनडोर यूफ्रनट होते हैं चाहे वह
फ्रकिी भी प्रकार के हो उिमें रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि की जगह वाटर िप्ाई होता है
और वह फ्रचड वाटर हमारी कूफ्र ंग कॉइ को ठं डा करता है और जर् हमारी
कूफ्र ंग कॉइ चाइड वाटर िे ठण्डी हो जाती है तो उिमें गा ब्लोअर हमारे
रूम की हवा को ठं डा करता है होता है जर् कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त हो जाती है जो भी
हम तापक्रम चाहते हैं वह हमारे रूम में प्राप्त हो जाता है उि दशा में हमारा
ब्लोअर िैन र्ंद हो जाता है और हमारे इनडोर की िप्ाई ाइन पर गा
हुआ वाल्व फ्रचड वाटर पानी की िप्ाई को र्ंद कर दे ता है और जैिे ही
हमारा टें परे चर वाफ्रपि हाई होता है उि फ्रदशा में हमारा िोनेनाइट वाल्व
वापि हमारे इनडोर की वाटर िप्ाई को ऑन कर दे ता है उि कंडीशन में
हमारा जो रूम का टें परे चर है यह मेनटे न होता रहता है तो यहां पर जो हम
र्ात कर रहे हैं वह र्ात कर रहे हैं एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट और वाटर कोड
फ्रच र प्ां ट के र्ारे में के र्ारे में यहां पर पढ़ रहे हैं की फ्रकि तरीके िे प्ां ट
इं स्टॉ ेशन फ्रकया जाता है फ्रकि तरीके िे प्ां ट रूम र्नाया जाता है कैिे
कूफ्र ंग टावर र्नाया जाता है । प्ां ट रूम िे चाइड वाटर िप्ाई इनडोर
यूफ्रनट तक कैिे होती है । FCU और AHU को कैिे गाया जाता है । िफ्रवाि
मैनटे न्टेि में क्या क्या होता है । आइये फ्रवस्तार िे जानते है ।
There are two types of chiller plant, one is water cooled
chiller plant and the other is air cooled chiller plant friends.
If we want to learn about the chiller plant or want to know
more about it, then first of all we have to understand that
the chiller is finally What is meant by a plant? Chiller plant
means the way in which our refrigerant gas is compressed
in any air conditioner and after condensing it goes into the
indoor unit and provides cooling in the same way our
refrigerant gas is used here This water cools and our
cooling coil which is connected with the compressor in the
plant room cools the water. Now this chilled water is
supplied to the indoor unit through the water pump in the
plant room where we need cooling. Is done and comes
back to the cooling coil through the return pipeline. Again
the cooling coil cools the water and continues the order
that our indoor units are of any type, instead of refrigerant
gas. Water is supplied and that water is our water The
penis cools the coil and when our cooling coil cools down
with child water, the blower in it cools the air in our room
when the cooling is achieved, whatever temperature we
want is received in our room. In that case our blower fan
goes off and the valve on our indoor supply line closes the
chilled water supply and as soon as our temperature is
back high our solenoid valve goes back to our indoor Turns
on the water supply, in that condition, the temperature of
our room is maintained, so this keeps happening, so what
we are talking about here is talking about air cooled chiller
plant and water cold chiller plant. I am reading here about
how the plant installation is done, how the plant room is
made, how the cooling tower is made. How does the child
water supply from the plant room to the indoor unit. How
FCU and AHU are fitted. What happens in service
maintenance Let us know in detail.
 WATER COOL
CHILLER PLANT
जर् भी हम फ्रकिी भी फ्रिस्टम के रे फ्रिजरे शन िाइफ्रक को
िमझते हैं तो िवाप्रर्म हमें यह िमझना होता है फ्रक जो
फ्रिस्टम हम यूज कर रहे हैं कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त करने के फ्र ए उिकी
कूफ्र ंग कैपेफ्रिटी क्या है फ्रजतना र्ड़ा कूफ्र ंग कैपेफ्रिटी होगा
उतना ही र्ड़ा हमारा फ्रिस्टम होगा और उिका ऑपरे शन
फ्रिस्टम होगा तो यह जाने िे पूवा हमें एक र्ार यह जानना है
फ्रक जर् हम एक छोटे स्तर पर कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त करते हैं यानी फ्रक
डोमेस्टस्टक स्तर पर हम जर् कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त करते हैं तो हम वहां
छोटे यूफ्रनट का इस्तेमा करते हैं ेफ्रकन जर् हमको र्ड़े स्तर
पर कॉफ्र ंग चाफ्रहए तो वहां पर हम र्ड़े प्ां ट यूज़ करते हैं
और र्ड़े प्ां ट में उिी तरीके के कंप्रेिर यूज़ होते हैं जो
रे फ्रिजरें ट गैि को कम्प्रेश कर िके , फ्रच र प्ां ट के अंदर में
जो यूज होने वा े रे फ्रिजरें ट कंप्रेिर होते हैं उनमें स्क्रु कंप्रेशर
िेंटरीिुग कंप्रेशर हामेफ्रटक कंप्रेिर और स्क्रो कंप्रेशर जो
फ्रवशेष रूप िे एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट के अंदर में यूज फ्रकया
जाता है दोस्तों यहां पर जो हम र्ात कर रहे हैं वो रे फ्रिजरे शन
िाइफ्रक के र्ारे में र्ात कर रहे है रे फ्रिजरे शन िाइफ्रक का
क्या मत र् होता है रे फ्रिजरे शन िाइफ्रक का मत र् होता है
कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त करने का प्रॉिेि फ्रिस्टम में रे फ्रिजरें ट गैि िे
कैिे कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त कर रहे हैं उिका प्रोिेि क्या है यानी फ्रक
कंप्रेशन फ्रिस्टम िे ेकर इनडोर िे वापि यानी फ्रक आपका
जो इं डोर है और उिका जो प्रोिेि है उनके र्ीच में जो िका
च ता है यानी की कूफ्र ंग प्राप्त करने का जो प्रोिेि होता है
उिको हम रे फ्रिजरे शन िाइफ्रक र्ो ते हैं तो आइए जानते हैं
फ्रक वॉटर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट के अंदर रे फ्रिजरे शन िाइफ्रक
कैिे होता है
Whenever we understand the refrigeration cycle of any
system, first of all we have to understand what is the
cooling capacity of the system we are using to get cooling,
the bigger the cooling capacity, the bigger our system will
be and its Before going to this operation system, we have
to know once that when we get cooling at a small level
i.e. when we get cooling at the domestic level, then we
use small units there but when we get large level But if
we want calling, then we use big plants and big plants use
the same type of compressor that can compress the
refrigerant gas, the refrigerant compressors used inside
the chiller plant are screw compressors centrifugal
compressor harmonic Compressors and scroll
compressors that are used exclusively inside the air
cooled chiller plant. Friends here we are talking about the
refrigeration cycle. What does the refrigeration cycle
mean refrigeration Shan Cycle means the process of
getting cooling. What is the process of how cooling is
obtained from the refrigerant gas in the system i.e. from
the compression system to back to the indoor ie what is
your indoor and what is the process between them. The
circle moves i.e. the process of getting the cooling is what
we call the refrigeration cycle, so let us know how the
refrigeration cycle is done inside the water cooled chiller
plant.
 AIR COOL
CHILLER PLANT

एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट एक पैकेज होता है फ्रजिके अंतगा त कंप्रेिर

कॉफ्र ंग कोय और कंडे निर और कन्डें फ्रिंग िैन िभी एक िार् एक
ही पैकेज में होते हैं एयर कू फ्रचल्लर प्ां ट में िप्ाई ाइन और ररटना
ाइन जुड़ा हुआ रहता है एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट में हाई प्रेशर रे फ्रिजरें ट
गै ि की कंडें फ्रिंग कंडे निर िैन द्वारा हवा िे होती है ेफ्रकन वाटर कू
फ्रचल्लर प्ां ट में हाई प्रेशर रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि की कंडें फ्रिंग वाटर द्वारा होती है
और इि हाई प्रेशर रे फ्रिजरें ट को ठं डा करने के फ्र ए कन्डे फ्रिंग कोइ में
उपयोग होने वा ा पानी को ठं डा करने के फ्र ए कूफ्र ंग टावर का
इस्तेमा फ्रकया जाता है ेफ्रकन एयर कूड फ्रच र प्ां ट में ऐिा नहीं होता
है और कंडे निर मैं हाई प्रेशर रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि का तापक्रम कम होता है
उिमें गे हुए कंडें फ्रिंग िैन वातावरण की हवा िे रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि को
ठं डा करते हैं र्ाकी फ्रचड वाटर िप्ाई का जो प्रोिेि है वैिा ही है जैिा
एयर कू फ्रच र प्ां ट का है । प्राइमेरी और िेकण्डरी पंप का उपयोग
एयर कू और वाटर कू दोनों मे फ्रकया जाता है ।
An air cooled chiller plant is a package
under which the compressor calling cuckoo
and condenser and condensing fan are all in
the same package. The air cooled chiller
plant has a supply line and return line
connected to the high pressure refrigerant
gas in the air cooled chiller plant. The
condensing is done by air through the
condenser fan but the high pressure
refrigerant gas in the water cooled chiller
plant is through the condensing water and
the cooling tower is used to cool the water
used in the condensing coil to cool this high
pressure refrigerant. Used but not in air-
cooled chiller plants and the high pressure
refrigerant gas in the condenser has a lower
temperature; the condensing fans in it cool
the refrigerant gas from the atmosphere air,
the rest of the chilled water supply process
is the same. Is the same as that of air
cooled chiller plant. Primary and secondary
pumps are used in both air cooled and
water cooled.
 CHILLER PLANT ROOM
INSTALLATION
वॉटर फ्रच र प्ां ट की िप्ाई ाइन और ररटना ाइन
मुख्य तौर पर अंडरिाउं ड ही होती है इनका जो फ्रिफ्रटंग
होता है मुख्य रूप िे वेडर और फ्रिटर द्वारा फ्रकया
जाता है एिी टे क्नीफ्रशयन इिमें गे हुए मोटिा की
वायररं ग करते हैं डस्टक्टंग वा े हमारे प्ां ट रूम के िभी
पाइप्स के इं िु ेशन करते हैं क्लाइफ्रडंग करते हैं प्ंर्र
िभी तरीके के वाल्व और मोटर फ्रिफ्रटंग करते हैं मुख्य
रूप िे दे खा जाए तो िर् तकनीफ्रशयन िुपरवाइजर
इं जीफ्रनयर प्रोजेक्ट मैनेजर एक दू िरे के पूरक होते हैं
एक दू िरे की मदद करते हैं चाहे वह इ ेस्टक्टरफ्रशयन हो
एचवी टे क्नीफ्रशयन हो प्ंर्र हो फ्रिटर हो डक्टमैन हो
िभी एचपीिी प्रोजेक्ट में िार् फ्रम कर काम करता है
फ्रजि कंपनी का हमारा फ्रच र गा हुआ होता है उि
कंपनी के इं जीफ्रनयर उि फ्रचल्लर की वायररं ग करते हैं
और गैि चाफ्रजिंग करते हैं और कमीशफ्रनंग करते हैं
फ्रिस्टम को स्टाटा कर हैं डओवर करते हैं तर्ा
ऑपरे फ्रटंग फ्रिस्टम की िम्पूणा जानकारी रे स्पॉस्टन्सर्
कंपनी को दे ते है ।
The Supply Line And Return Line Of The
Water Chiller Plant Are Mainly
Underground, The Fittings Of Which Are
Mainly Made By Welders And Fitters.
Insulation Does The Cladding. Plumbers
Do All Kinds Of Valves And Motor
Fittings. Mainly, All Technicians Are
Supervisors, Engineers, Project
Managers, Complement Each Other, Help
Each Other, Be It An Electrician, A HV
Technician, A Plumber Or A Fitter. Ho
Duct Man Ho Works Together In All HPC
Projects. The Engineers Of The Company
That We Have Chillers Wiring The Chiller
And Charging And Commissioning The
Gas, Start The System And Handover The
Operating System. Gives Complete
Information To The Responsible
Company
CONDENSING COIL
CHILLER TUBE CLEANING
Rolling System

❑Elliott’s Die-Hard™ is the first cable less tube

cleaner that successfully cleans light to medium
deposits found in chiller, condenser, and heat
exchanger tubes.
❑Tube Size: 3/4″ to 1″ (19.1 – 25.4mm) OD
❑Tube Section: Straight
❑Deposit Type: Soft, Gummy, or Organic
❑Thickness: Light to Medium
❑Flush: Wet
COOLING TOWER
FCU - FAN COIL UNIT
SUPPLY PLENUM

RETURN PLENUM

RETUN FILTER
WATER IN WATER OUT
 FCU WIRING

लचल्लर प्लांट में यूज होने वाली इं डोर यूलनट् स में FCU फैन कॉइल
यूलनट की वायररं ग करते समय हमें मैनुअल को पढ़ना चालहए फैन
कोईल यूलनट की पीसीबी में आवश्यक वायररं ग हमें करना होता है
लजसमें पावर सप्लाई के साथ में थमोस्टे ट वायररं ग भी हमें करना
होता है अगर हमारे FCU में इलेक्टरॉलनक एक्सपेंशन वाल्व लगा है
तो उसकी वायररं ग भी करना होता है सभी कंपलनयों के अलग
अलग वायररं ग लसस्टम होता है इसललए हमें आवश्यक सूचनाओं
के साथ में ही वायररं ग करना चालहए सभी FCU लसंगल फेस होते हैं
वायररं ग करते हुए सेफ्टी फीचसय को ध्यान में रखना चालहए।

We should read the manual while wiring the

apps you fan coil unit in indoor units used in
the Chiller plant, we have to do the necessary
wiring in the PCB of the fan coil unit, including
the thermostat wiring along with the power
supply. The FCU has an electronic expansion
valve, so it has to be wired as well. All
companies have different wiring systems, so we
must do the same wiring with the necessary
information. All FCUs are single-faced. Safety
features should be kept in mind while wiring.
AHU – AIR HANDLING UNIT
 हमारे फ्रच र प्ां ट में यूज होने वा े एयर हैं डफ्र ंग यूफ्रनट अ ग-अ ग
क्षमताओं के अनुिार फ्रडजाइन फ्रकए जाते हैं िभी कंपफ्रनयां अपने मॉड
अ ग-अ ग तरीके िे फ्रडजाइन करती है ेफ्रकन प्रोिेफ्रिंग फ्रिस्टम िभी
का एक जैिा ही होता है

The air handling units used in our chiller plant

are designed according to different capacities.
All companies design their models differently
but the processing system is the same.
 AHU WIRING

हमारे फ्रच र प्ान में गे हुए AHU की वायररं ग फ्रिंग िेि

भी हो िकती है और 3 िेि भी हो िकती है इिफ्र ए हमें हमारे
इं जीफ्रनयर िे कंिल्ट करना चाफ्रहए और उनके र्ताए गए फ्रदशा
फ्रनदे श के अनुिार वायररं ग करना चाफ्रहए वायररं ग डायिाम को
िॉ ो करना चाफ्रहए जो भी इ ेक्टरॉफ्रनक्स और मैकेफ्रनक
प्रोडक्शन और कंटर ो फ्रडवाइि गी हुई होती है उनकी प्रॉपर
तरीके िे इं िु ेटेड वायररं ग करनी चाफ्रहए।

The wiring of the AHU in our chiller plan

can be single face and can also be 3
face, so we should consult our engineer
and follow the wiring diagram according
to their guidelines and follow the
electronics of whatever electronics. And
mechanical production and control
devices are fitted, they should be
insulated wiring properly.
 FUC - AHU
SERVICE & MAINTENANCE
िैन कोय यूफ्रनट में गे हुए ररटना फ्रिल्टर को हमें महीने में कम िे
कम 2 र्ार जरूर िाि करना चाफ्रहए इििे हमारा एयर फ्लो अच्छा
रहे गा अगर हमारे िैन कोय यूफ्रनट का ब्लोअर मोटर र्ीमा च रहा है
तो हमें िैन कोय मोटर का कैपेफ्रिटर र्द ना चाफ्रहए िैन कोय
यूफ्रनट में गा हुआ वाटर टर े िे पानी ीकेज हो िकता है इिफ्र ए वाटर
में जमा हुआ स्टिल्स हमें िमय-िमय पर िाि करना चाफ्रहए और हमें
िमय-िमय पर हमारी कूफ्र ंग कॉइ को िाि करना चाफ्रहए और
फ्रिल्टर रे गु र िाि करते रहना चाफ्रहए एयर हैं डफ्र ंग यूफ्रनट में गा
हुआ ब्लोअर का र्ेल्ट ढी ा हो िकता है या डै मेज हो िकता है टू ट
िकता है इिफ्र ए हमें िमय-िमय पर चेक करते रहना चाफ्रहए और
एयर हैं डफ्र ंग यूफ्रनट में गे हुए िभी तरीके के र्ा वाल्व हमें चेक
करते रहना चाफ्रहए इि तरीके िे हम हमारे िैन कोय यूफ्रनट और
एयर हैं डफ्र ंग यूफ्रनट को िफ्रवाि कर िकते हैं और मेंटेनेंि में मुख्यतः
हमारी ब्लोअर मोटर र्ेल्ट की मुख्य िमस्याएं आती है या फ्रिर वाटर
ीकेज की िमस्याएं आती है इिके फ्र ए हमें िमय-िमय पर वाटर टर ै क
को िाि करते रहना चाफ्रहए अगर कभी भी वाटर ीकेज हो जाता है या
टर े डै मेज हो जाता है उि दशा में हमें नया वाटर टर े उिी िाइज स्क्वायर
का र्नवा कर हमें वापि अिेंर् करना चाफ्रहए इि तरीके िे हम हमारे
फ्रिस्टम को प्रोटे क्ट रख िकते हैं
We must clean the return filter fitted in the fan
cuckoo unit at least 2 times in a month. This will
keep our air flow good. If the blower motor of
our fan cuckoo unit is running slow then we
should change the capacitor of the fan cuckoo
motor. Water trays installed in the unit can cause
water leakage, so we must clean the skills
accumulated in the water from time to time and
we should periodically clean our cooling coil and
keep the filters regular in the air handling unit.
The belt of the blower installed may be loose or
damage may break so we should keep checking
it from time to time and we should keep
checking all the hair valves in the air handling
unit in this way. The cuckoo unit and air handling
unit can be serviced and maintenance is mainly
caused by the main problems of our blower
motor belt or water leakage problems, for this
we should keep cleaning the water track from
time to time if ever water If leakage occurs or
tray gets damaged, in that case we have new
water We should assemble back by making the
tray the same size square, this way we can
protect our system
 PACKAGE
AIR CONDITIONER
पैकेज एयर कंडीशनर के अंदर में एक िार् कंडे निर
कंप्रेिर ब्लोअर मोटर हीटर गे हुए रहते हैं पैकेज एयर कंडीशनर में
हाई प्रेशर रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि की कंडें फ्रिंग भी कंडें फ्रिंग िैन द्वारा होती है
पैकेज एयर कंडीशनर में गा हुआ ब्लोअर मोटर िे कूफ्र ंग कोइ
ब्लॉक िे ठं डी हवा को िप्ाई डक्ट के माध्यम िे भे जता है और ररटना
ाइन के माध्यम िे वापि पैकेज के ब्लॉक में हवा को कूफ्र ंग कॉइ िे
गु जारा जाता है हमारा ब्लोअर एक तरि िे हवा को खींचता है दू िरी
तरि िे हवा को िेंकता है पैकेज एिी में हीटर का उपयोग भी फ्रकया
जा िकता है िप्ाई डक्ट के अंदर पैकेज एयर कंडीशनर की में गने
वा ा कंप्रेिर मुख्यतः थ्री िेि का होता है स्क्रो कंप्रेशर मुख्यता यूज
होता है वायररं ग कंप्रेिर की जो होती है वह मुख्य रूप िे हाई प्रेशर ो
प्रेशर स्टिच िे प्रोटे क्ट रहती है हमारे वायररं ग पैन में कॉन्टै क्टर रर े
ओवर ोड िेि फ्रि र और टर ां ििामार एवं ऑन ऑि स्टिच का मुख्य
रूप िे उपयोग फ्रकया जाता है जो हमें 24 वोल्ट जो हमें रर े के माध्यम
िे या टर ां ििामार के माध्यम िे जो प्राप्त होते हैं वह हमारे र्मोस्टे ट
कंटर ो र में जाते हैं वहां िे ररटना वापि आने के र्ाद हमारे हाई प्रेशर
स्टिच और ो प्रेशर स्टिच में जाते हैं वहां िे हमारी ाइन स्टक्लयर होने
के र्ाद हमारे कंप्रेिर के मेन कॉन्टे क्टर में जाते हैं जर् हमारा फ्रिस्टम
ओके होता है रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि ओके होती है उि दशा में हमारा कंप्रेिर
का पावर िप्ाई ऑन होता है पैकेज एिी में मुख्य रूप िे उपयोग में
आने वा ी रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि r22 होती है और अ ग-अ ग क्लाइमेट के
फ्रहिार् िे दू िरी गै िों का उपयोग भी फ्रकया जा िकता है अ ग-अ ग
कंपफ्रनयां अपने अपने फ्रहिार् िे क्लाइमेंट के अनुिार पैकेज एिी का
फ्रनमाा ण करती है पैकेज एिी का मुख्य उपयोग रे फ्रजडें फ्रशय कमफ्रशाय
िभी तरीके के प्रोजेक्ट में फ्रकया जाता है इिको ररपेयर मेंटेनेंि और
िफ्रवाि करना र्ेहद ही आिान है क्योंफ्रक पैकेज यूफ्रनट एक ही जगह
इं स्टॉ फ्रकया जाता है ।
Condenser compressor blower motor heaters are fitted
together inside the package air conditioner. Condensing
of high pressure refrigerant gas in the package air
conditioner is also done by the condensing fan. Supply
of cold air from the cooling coil block from the blower
motor fitted in the package air conditioner. Sends
through the duct and returns the air through the return
line to the cooling block in the package block. Our
blower draws air from one side. It throws air from the
other side. Also use heater in package AC. The
compressor installed in the package air conditioner key
inside the supply duct is mainly of three face. Scroll
Compressor is mainly used. The wiring compressor is
mainly protected by high pressure low pressure switch.
Relay overload face filler and transformer and on off
switch are mainly used which gives us 24 volts which we
get through relay or through transformer which goes to
our thermostat controller. After coming back, we go to
high pressure switch and low pressure switch from
there, after clearing our line we go to main compressor
of our compressor when our system is OK. Refrigerant
gas is OK in that case our compressor power supply On
is package AC mainly used in refrigerant gas r22 and
other gases can also be used according to different
climates. Different companies manufacture package ACs
according to their respective climates. The main use of
package AC is used in residential commercial in all types
of projects, it is very easy to repair and service as the
package unit is installed in one place.
COLD STORAGE
 COLD STORAGE
+ AND - TEMP
कोड स्टोरे ज का मुख्य उपयोग खाद्य िामिी को ंर्े िमय
तक िुरफ्रक्षत रखने के फ्र ए फ्रकया जाता है कोड स्टोरे ज दो
प्रकार के होते हैं फ्रजिमें प्ि टें परे चर और माइनि टें परे चर
होता है प्ि टें परे चर का उपयोग उन खाद्य पदार्ों के फ्र ए
फ्रकया जाता है फ्रजनको प्ि टें परे चर की आवश्कता होती है
और माइनि टें परे चर कोड स्टोरे ज का उपयोग उन खाद्य
पदार्ों के फ्र ए फ्रकया जाता है फ्रजनके फ्र ए - टें परे चर की
आवश्कता होती है कोड स्टोरे ज का उपयोग ना केव खाद्य
पदार्ों को ंर्े िमय तक िुरफ्रक्षत करने के फ्र ए फ्रकया जाता है
उिके अ ावा भी मेफ्रडफ्रिंि रािायफ्रनक प्रयोगशा ा में और
शरीर को अंगों को िुरफ्रक्षत रखने के फ्र ए और अन्य उपयोग
कोड स्टोरे ज के होते हैं जो प्ि और माइनि दोनों में फ्रकया
जाता है

हमें मुख्य रूप िे यह िमझना है फ्रक कोड स्टोरे ज का मुख्य उपयोग

उि तापक्रम को र्रकरार रखने के फ्र ए फ्रकया जाता है जो हम
फ्रनर्ाा ररत करते हैं चाहे वह प्ि में हो चाहे वह माइनि में हो कोड
स्टोरे ज के माध्यम िे हम न्यूनतम िे न्यूनतम तापमान प्राप्त कर
िकते हैं प्ि टें परे चर और माइनि टें परे चर के कोड स्टोरे ज के
इं स्टॉ ेशन प्रोिेि एक जैिे होते हैं रे फ्रिजरें ट गै ि भी एक ही होती है
ेफ्रकन आवश्कता के अनुिार और फ्रिस्टम के अनुिार रे फ्रिजरें ट
गै ि में र्द ाव हो िकता है
इिमें मुख्य रूप िे िैंको ए यूफ्रनट इं दौर के
रूप में उपयोग फ्रकया जाता है और आउटडोर
में कंडें फ्रिंग टर े न कंप्रेिर ऑ िे परे टर हाई
प्रेशर ो प्रेशर कंटर ो र िभी तरीके के िेंिर
यूज फ्रकए जाते हैं कोड स्टोरे ज में मुख्य रूप
िे रे फ्रिजरें ट 404 का उपयोग फ्रकया जाता है
कोड स्टोरे ज का फ्रनमाा ण प्रोिेशन
िैफ्रिकेटर द्वारा फ्रकया जाता है उिमें उपयोग
में होने वा ी िीट का इस्तेमा फ्रकया जाता है
एिी टे स्टक्नफ्रशयन इं डोर यूफ्रनट का इं स्टॉ ेशन
करता है आउटडोर का इं स्टॉ ेशन करता है
वायररं ग करता है गैि चाफ्रजिंग करता है यानी
इं स्टॉ ेशन प्रोिेि और फ्रिस्टम को स्टाटा
करने िे ेकर कफ्रमफ्रनंग तक का काम एिी
टे स्टक्नफ्रशयन का होता है ररपेयर िफ्रवाि में हम
कूफ्र ंग कॉइ और कंडें फ्रिंग कॉ में गे हुए
िेंिर की मुख्य िमस्या आती है
कंडें फ्रिंग कोय में कभी टें परे चर हाई होने के
कारण कटऑि होता है
कंडे निर कोय को िमय-िमय पर िाि करना
चाफ्रहए उिमें गे हुए िेंिर को भी िाि करना
चाफ्रहए क्योंफ्रक र्ू फ्रमट्टी के कारण चेंज िमस्या
हो िकती है इिफ्र ए इं डोर में गे हुए िें िर को
भी िाि करते रहना चाफ्रहए और हीटर िें िर को
भी िाि करते रहना चाफ्रहए ताफ्रक ओवर कूफ्र ंग
होने पर फ्रहटर फ्रडिॉस्ट कर िके इिफ्र ए दे खा
जाए तो कोड स्टोरे ज में ज्यादा िफ्रवाि और
मेंटेनेंि का काया नहीं होता है िमस्या आने पर ही
ज्यादा इिमें कुछ फ्रकया जा िकता है अन्यर्ा यह
अच्छे िे काम करता है
Cold storage is mainly used for long-term preservation
of food ingredients. Cold storage is of two types, plus
temperature and minus temperature. Plus
temperature is used for foods that require plus
temperature. And minus temperature cold storage is
used for foods that require temperature. Cold storage
is not only used for long-term preservation of foods,
but also in the Medicines chemical laboratory. In and
to the body to keep the organs safe and other uses
are cold storage which is done in both plus and minus.
We mainly have to understand that the main use of
cold storage is to maintain that temperature. What we
determine whether it is in plus or in minus is through
cold storage. We can achieve minimum to minimum
temperature. The installation process of cold storage
of plus temperature and minus temperature are the
same.

Refrigerant gas is also the same but

refrigerant gas can change as per the
requirement and according to the system. It
is mainly used as Franco L unit Indore and in
outdoor condensing train compressor all
separator high pressure low pressure
controller All types of sensors are used.
Refrigerant 404 is mainly used in cold
storage. Cold storage is manufactured by
professional fabricators. The seat used is
used by AC Technician Indoor unit. Installing
outdoor does wiring, charging gas i.e. from
start up to installation process and system,
commissioning work is done by AC
technician. The cutoff occurs due to the
temperature being high in the cuckoo.
The condenser cuckoo should be cleaned
periodically and the sensors in it should also
be cleaned as there may be a change
problem due to dusty soil, so the sensors in
the indoor should also be cleaned and the
heater sensors should be cleaned So that the
hitter can defrost when over cooling, so it is
seen that there is not much service and
maintenance work in cold storage, more can
be done in case of problems, otherwise it
works well.
 BY - MR.HVAC COACH
ANC HVAC OVERSEAS PVT LTD.
www.anchvacpvtltd.com
A NEW CAREER HVAC OVERSEAS PVT LTD