Discrete

(Types of Proofs and Types of

MathematicsMCQ’s
Set) By
Muhammad Sohaib Yousaf
Types of
Proofs
•
Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not
odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square
of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove _________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀nP ((n) → ~(Q(n)))
Types of
Proofs
• Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then square of n is not
odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an odd integer” and Q(n) is “(square
of n) is not odd.” For direct proof we should prove _________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀nP ((n) → ~(Q(n)))
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of direct proof
Types of
Proofs
•
Which of the following can only be used in disproving the statements?
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Counter Example
d) Mathematical Induction
Types of
Proofs
• Which of the following can only be used in disproving the statements?
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Counter Example
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Counter examples cannot be used to prove results
Types of
Proofs
•
Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then sum of n with
some not odd number will not be odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an
odd integer” and Q(n) is “sum of n with some not odd number will
not be odd.” A proof by contraposition will be ________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀n(~Q ((n)) → ~(P(n)))
Types of
Proofs
• Let the statement be “If n is not an odd integer then sum of n with
some not odd number will not be odd.”, then if P(n) is “n is an not an
odd integer” and Q(n) is “sum of n with some not odd number will not
be odd.” A proof by contraposition will be ________
a) ∀nP ((n) → Q(n))
b) ∃nP ((n) → Q(n))
c) ∀n~(P ((n)) → Q(n))
d) ∀n(~Q ((n)) → ~(P(n)))
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Definition of proof by contraposition
Types of
Proofs
•
When to proof P→Q true, we proof P false, that type of proof is
known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
.
Types of
Proofs
• When to proof P→Q true, we proof P false, that type of proof is
known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of vacuous proof.
Types of
Proofs
• In proving √5 as irrational, we begin with assumption √5 is rational in
which type of proof?
a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: Definition of proof by contradiction.
Types of
Proofs
•
In proving √5 as irrational, we begin with assumption √5 is rational in
which type of proof?
a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Mathematical Induction
Types of
Proofs
•
A proof covering all the possible cases, such type of proofs are known
as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Exhaustive proof
Types of
Proofs
• A proof covering all the possible cases, such type of proofs are known
as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Proof by Contradiction
c) Vacuous proof
d) Exhaustive proof
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Definition of exhaustive proof.
Types of
Proofs
•
Which of the arguments is not valid in proving sum of two odd
number is not odd.
a) 3 + 3 = 6, hence true for all
b) 2n +1 + 2m +1 = 2(n+m+1) hence true for all
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
Types of
Proofs
• Which of the arguments is not valid in proving sum of two odd
number is not odd.
a) 3 + 3 = 6, hence true for all
b) 2n +1 + 2m +1 = 2(n+m+1) hence true for all
c) All of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Some examples are not valid in proving results
Types of
Proofs
•
A proof broken into distinct cases, where these cases cover all
prospects, such proofs are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Proof by cases
Types of
Proofs
• A proof broken into distinct cases, where these cases cover all
prospects, such proofs are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Vacuous proof
d) Proof by cases
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of proof by cases.
Types of
Proofs
•
A proof that p → q is true based on the fact that q is true, such proofs
are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Trivial proof
d) Proof by cases
Types of
Proofs
• A proof that p → q is true based on the fact that q is true, such proofs
are known as ___________
a) Direct proof
b) Contrapositive proofs
c) Trivial proof
d) Proof by cases
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Definition of trivial proof.
Types of
Proofs
•
A theorem used to prove other theorems is known as
_______________
a) Lemma
b) Corollary
c) Conjecture
d) None of the mentioned
Types of
Proofs
• A theorem used to prove other theorems is known as
_______________
a) Lemma
b) Corollary
c) Conjecture
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: Definition of lemma
Types of
Set
•
{x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________
a) Empty set
b) Non-empty set
c) Finite set
d) Non- empty and Finite set
Types of
Set
• {x: x is an integer neither positive nor negative} is ________
a) Empty set
b) Non-empty set
c) Finite set
d) Non- empty and Finite set
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Set = {0} non-empty and finite set
Types of
Set
•
{x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) None of the mentioned
Types of
Set
• {x: x is a real number between 1 and 2} is an ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: It is an infinite set as there are infinitely many real
number between any two different real numbers.
Types of
Set
•
Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form.
a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number}
b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer}
c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number}
d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number}
Types of
Set
• Write set {1, 5, 15, 25,…} in set-builder form.
a) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a real number}
b) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is a integer}
c) {x: either x=1 or x=5n, where n is an odd natural number}
d) {x: x=5n, where n is a natural number}
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Set should include 1 or an odd multiple of 5.
Types of
Set
•
Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5
Types of
Set
• Number of power set of {a, b}, where a and b are distinct elements.
a) 3
b) 4
c) 2
d) 5
View Answer
• Answer: b
Explanation: Power set of {a, b} = {∅, {a, b}, {a}, {b}}
Types of
Set
•
Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}?
a) {1, 2}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) All of the mentioned
Types of
Set
• Which of the following is subset of set {1, 2, 3, 4}?
a) {1, 2}
b) {1, 2, 3}
c) {1}
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: There are total 16 subsets.
Types of
Set
A = { ,{ },2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true?
• ∅∅
a) {{∅,{∅ }}
∈ A
b) {2} ∈A
c) ∅ ⊂A
d) 3 ⊂A
Types of
Set
• A = { ,{ },2,{2,∅},3}, which of the following is true?
∅∅
a) {{∅,{∅ }}
∈ A
b) {2} ∈A
c) ∅ ⊂A
d) 3 ⊂A
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: Empty set is a subset of every set
Types of
Set
•
Subset of the set A= { } is?
a) A
b) {}
c) ∅
d) All of the mentioned
Types of
Set
• Subset of the set A= { } is?
a) A
b) {}
c) ∅
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
• Answer: d
Explanation: Every set is subset of itself and Empty set is subset of
each set.
Types of
Set
• ∈
{x: x N and x is prime} then it is ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) Not a set
Types of
Set
• ∈
{x: x N and x is prime} then it is ________
a) Infinite set
b) Finite set
c) Empty set
d) Not a set
View Answer
• Answer: a
Explanation: There is no extreme prime, number of primes is infinite
Types of
Set
•
Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster
form.
a) {2, 3, 5}
b) {2, 3, 6}
c) {2, 3}
d) {∅}
Types of
Set
• Convert set {x: x is a positive prime number which divides 72} in roster
form.
a) {2, 3, 5}
b) {2, 3, 6}
c) {2, 3}
d) {∅}
View Answer
• Answer: c
Explanation: 2 and 3 are the divisors of 72 which are prime