Practice Problems: Integration by Parts (Solutions)

Written by Victoria Kala

[email protected]
November 25, 2014

The following are solutions to the Integration by Parts practice problems posted November 9.

1. ex sin xdx
R

Solution: Let u = sin x, dv = ex dx. Then du = cos xdx and v = ex . Then

Z Z
ex sin xdx = ex sin x − ex cos xdx

Now we need to use integration by parts on the second integral. Let u = cos x, dv = ex dx.
Then du = − sin xdx and v = ex . Then
Z Z
ex sin xdx = ex sin x − ex cos x − ex sin xdx

The right integral is the same as the one we started with! Move it over:
Z
2 ex sin xdx = ex sin x − ex cos x

And divide by 2: Z
1 x
ex sin xdx = (e sin x − ex cos x)
2
This is our final solution, so make sure to add your constant C:
Z
1
ex sin xdx = (ex sin x − ex cos x) + C
2


(sin−1 x)2 dx
R
2.
sin−1 x
Solution: Let u = (sin−1 x)2 , dv = dx. Then du = 2√
1−x2
dx, v = x. Then

2x sin−1 x
Z Z
(sin−1 x)2 dx = x(sin−1 x)2 − √ dx
1 − x2

We need to use a substitution on the last integral. Let w = sin−1 x. Then dw = √ 1

1−x2
dx
and x = sin w. Just looking at the last integral, we have:

2x sin−1 x
Z Z
√ dx = 2w sin wdw
1 − x2

1
 We can use integration by parts on this last integral by letting u = 2w and dv = sin wdw.
Tabular method makes it rather quick:
Z
2w sin wdw = 2w cos w + 2 sin w

At this point you can plug back in w:

Z
2w sin wdw = 2 sin−1 x cos (sin−1 x) + 2 sin (sin−1 x)

OR you can look at the triangle formed by our substitution for w. Since x =√sin w then the
hypotenuse will be 1, the opposite side will be x and the adjacent side will be 1 − x2 . Then
Z p
2w sin wdw = 2 1 − x2 sin−1 x + 2x

Either of these solutions is fine. So then our integral will look like either one of the solutions
below:
Z
(sin−1 x)2 dx = x(sin−1 x)2 − (2 sin−1 x cos (sin−1 x) + 2 sin (sin−1 x)) + C
Z p
(sin−1 x)2 dx = x(sin−1 x)2 − (2 1 − x2 sin−1 x + 2x) + C

x tan2 xdx
R
3.
Solution: Use the identity tan2 x = sec2 x − 1:
Z Z Z Z
2 2 2
x tan xdx = x(sec x − 1)dx = x sec xdx − xdx

The last integral is no problemo. The first integral we need to use integration by parts. Let
u = x, dv = sec2 x. Then du = dx, v = tan x, so:
Z Z
2
x sec xdx = x tan x − tan xdx

sin x
R R
You can rewrite the last integral as cos x dx and use the substitution w = cos x. tan xdx =
− ln | cos x|, so: Z
x sec2 xdx = x tan x + ln | cos x|

Plug that into the original integral:

Z
1
x tan2 xdx = x tan x + ln | cos x| − x2 + C
2


2
 R1
4. 0
t cosh tdt
Solution: This is quick with tabular method. Let u = t, dv = cosh t:
Z 1 1
t cosh tdt = t sinh t − cosh t = sinh(1) − cosh(1) + cosh(0)

0 0

You can leave your answer like this. If you want to evaluate it further, remember that
ex − e−x ex + e−x
sinh x = and cosh x = . Then we see that sinh(1) = 12 (e1 − e−1 ), cosh(1) =
2 2
1 1 −1
2 (e + e ), and cosh 0 = 1. Then
Z 1
1
t cosh tdt = sinh(1) − cosh(1) + cosh(0) = 1 −
0 e

z 3 ez dx
R
5.
Solution: Tabular is the way to go with this baby. Let u = z 3 , dv = ez dz. Then
Z
z 3 ez dx = z 3 ez − 3z 2 ez + 6zez − 6ez + C = ez (z 3 − 3z 2 + 6z − 6) + C

R √3
6. 1
arctan(1/x)dx
−dx
Solution: Let u = arctan(1/x), dv = dx. Then du = x2 +1 (using chain rule), v = x:
√ √
Z 3  √3 Z 3
x
arctan(1/x)dx = x arctan(1/x) + dx

1 1 1 x2 +1

The last integral you can use the substitution w = x2 + 1. Then:

√
Z 3
1  √3
2
arctan(1/x)dx = x arctan(1/x) + ln (x + 1)

1 2 1
√
√ √ 1 1 3π 1 π
= 3 arctan ( 3) + ln 4 − arctan (1) + ln 2 = + ln 2 −
2 2 3 2 4


R
7. cos x ln (sin x)dx
Solution: We first need to do a substitution. Let w = sin x, then dw = cos xdx:
Z Z
cos x ln (sin x)dx = ln wdw

3
 Next use integration by parts with u = ln w, dv = dw. Then du = w1 dw, v = w:
Z Z
ln wdw = w ln w − dw = w ln w − w

We need to plug back in w:

Z
cos x ln (sin x)dx = sin x ln(sin x) − sin x + C

R 2 (ln x)2
8. 1
dx
x3
You can do this problem a couple different ways. I will show you two solutions.
Solution I: First do the substitution w = ln x. Then dw = x1 dx and x = ew . Then
2 ln 2 ln 2
(ln x)2 w2
Z Z Z
dx = dw = w2 e−2w dw
1 x3 0 e2w 0

Tabular is easy on this guy:

Z ln 2
w2 −2w w −2w 1 −2w ln 2 e−2w
 
2 −2w 2 1 ln 2
w e dw = − e − e − e =− w +w+
2 2 4 2 2 0
 
0 0
 
1 3
=− (ln 2)2 + ln 2 +
8 2
1
Solution II: Start of with integration by parts. Let u = (ln x)2 , dv = 3 dx. Then du =
x
2 ln x 1
dx, v = − 2 :
x 2x Z 2 Z 2
(ln x)2 (ln x)2 2 ln x
3
dx = − 2 1
+ dx
1 x 2x 1 x3
1 1 1
Do integration by parts again. Let u = ln x, dv = 3 dx. Then du = dx, v = − 2 :
x x 2x
Z Z 2  
ln x ln x 2 1 ln x 1 2
dx = − + dx = − −
x3 2x2 1 1 2x
3 2x2 4x2 1
 

Plugging this into the original integral we get:

Z 2
(ln x)2 (ln x)2
   
ln x 1 2 1 2 1 2
dx = − − 2 − 2  = − 2 (ln x) + ln x +
x3 2x2 2x 4x 2x 2 1

1 1
 
1 3
=− (ln 2)2 + ln 2 +
8 2


4
 R √
9. cos xdx
√ 1 √
Solution: First do the substitution w = x. Then dw = √ dx ⇒ 2 xdw = dx ⇒ 2wdw =
2 x
dx:
√
Z Z
cos xdx = 2w cos wdw

Using tabular with u = 2w, dv = cos wdw we get:

Z
2w cos wdw = 2w sin w + 2 cos w + C

Plug back in w to get the final solution:

√ √ √ √
Z
cos xdx = 2 x sin x + 2 cos x + C

R √π
10. √ θ3 cos(θ2 )dθ
π/2

Note: There was a typo on the original, it should be dθ instead of dx.

R √π R √π
Solution: Rewrite: √ θ3 cos(θ2 )dθ = √ θ · θ2 cos(θ2 )dθ. Then use the substitution
π/2 π/2
w = θ2 , so we have dw = 2θdθ:
√
Z π Z π
1
√ θ3 cos(θ2 )dθ = w cos wdw
π/2 2 π/2

Tabular makes this easy with u = w, dv = cos wdw:

1 π
Z π
1 1 π
w cos wdw = (w sin w + cos w)  =− −

2 π/2 2 π/2 2 4

R
11. x ln(1 + x)dx
Solution: Use the substitution w = 1 + x. Then dw = dx and x = w − 1:
Z Z
x ln(1 + x)dx = (w − 1) ln wdw

1
Next use integration by parts with u = ln w, dv = (w − 1)dw. Then du = dw and v =
  w
1 2
w −w :
2 Z   Z  
1 2 1
(w − 1) ln wdw = w − w ln w − w − 1 dw
2 2

5
 The right integral is straightforward, so
Z  
1 2 1
(w − 1) ln wdw = w − w ln w − w2 + w + C
2 4
Next, plug back in w:
Z  
1 1
x ln(1 + x)dx = (1 + x)2 − (1 + x) ln (1 + x) − (1 + x)2 + 1 + x + C
2 4
This answer is fine. You can simplify it a bit more for kicks and giggles:
Z
1 1 1
x ln(1 + x)dx = (x2 − 1) ln (1 + x) − x2 + x + C
2 4 2


R
12. sin(ln x)dx
1
Solution: Use the substitution w = ln x. Then dw = dx ⇒ xdw = dx ⇒ ew dw = dx since
x
x = ew from our substitution. Then we have:
Z Z
sin(ln x)dx = ew sin wdw

This is the same as Problem #1, so

Z
1
ew sin wdw = (ew sin w − ew cos w) + C
2
Plug back in w: Z
1
sin(ln x)dx = (x sin (ln x) − x cos (ln x)) + C
2


√
x3 1 + x2 dx
R
13.
You can do this problem a couple different ways. I will show you two solutions.
Solution I: You can actually do this problem without using integration by parts. Use the
substitution w = 1 + x2 . Then dw = 2xdx and x2 = w − 1:
√
Z Z Z Z
p p 1 1
x3 1 + x2 dx = x · x2 1 + x2 dx = (w − 1) wdw = (w3/2 − w1/2 )dw
2 2
1 5/2 1 3/2 1 1
= w − w + C = (1 + x2 )5/2 − (1 + x2 )3/2 + C
5 3 5 3
Solution II: You can use integration by parts as well, but it is much more complicated. Rewrite
the integral: Z Z
p 1 2 p
x3 1 + x2 dx = x · 2x 1 + x2 dx
2

6
 √
Let u = 12 x2 , dv = 2x 1 + x2 dx. Then du = xdx, v = 23 (1 + x2 )3/2 (using a substitution on
dv): Z Z
1 2 p 1 2
x · 2x 1 + x2 dx = x2 (1 + x2 )3/2 − x(1 + x2 )3/2 dx
2 3 3
You can use a substitution on the last integral:
Z
1 2 p 1 2
x · 2x 1 + x2 dx = x2 (1 + x2 )3/2 − (1 + x2 )5/2 + C
2 3 15


14. Find the area between the given curves: y = x2 ln x, y = 4 ln x

Solution: We need to find when the two curves intersect, so set them equal to each other:
x2 ln x = 4 ln x ⇒ (x2 − 4) ln x = 0 ⇒ (x − 2)(x + 2) ln x = 0
The solutions to this equation are x = −2, 2, 1. But, x = −2 isn’t in our domain (since ln x
has the domain (0, ∞)), so we are going to toss that solution out. This means we are going
to integrate from x = 1 to x = 2. You can just guess which function is on the top or bottom:
Z 2 Z 2 Z 2
2
A= (top function − bottom function) dx = (4 ln x − x ln x)dx = (4 − x2 ) ln xdx
1 1 1
1
2
Using integration by parts, let u = ln x, dv = (4 − x )dx. Then du = = 4x − 31 x3 :
x dx, v
Z 2   2 Z 2  
2 1 3 1 2
(4 − x ) ln xdx = 4x − x ln x − 4 − x dx

1 3 1 1 3
  
1 1 2 16 29
= 4x − x3 ln x − 4x + x3  = ln 2 −
3 9 1 3 9


15. Use the method of cylindrical shells to the find the volume generated by rotating the region
bounded by the given curves about the specified axis: y = e−x , y = 0, x = −1, x = 0 about
x = 1.
Solution: Draw a picture of what is happening. Recall that the volume for a cylinder is
V = 2πRH. In this scenario, R = 1 − x and H = e−x (since H is the top function minus the
bottom function). x is going from -1 to 0:
Z 0
V = 2π(1 − x)e−x dx
−1

Using tabular is pretty quick with u = 1 − x, dv = e−x dx:

Z 0 0
2π(1 − x)e−x dx = 2πxe−x  = 2πe

−1 −1