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Lab 1 - Accessing and Preparing Data Steps

Microsoft power PI y Excel

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
377 views28 pages

Lab 1 - Accessing and Preparing Data Steps

Microsoft power PI y Excel

Uploaded by

Fernando Herrera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

7

Dashboard in a Day –
Accessing & Preparing Data
by Power BI Team, Microsoft

Version: 04.01.2020 Copyright 2020 Microsoft 1|Page


Maintained by: Microsoft Corporation
Contents
Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Data Set........................................................................................................................................................ 5
Power BI Desktop ............................................................................................................................................ 6
Power BI Desktop – Accessing Data............................................................................................................. 6
Power BI Desktop – Data Preparation ....................................................................................................... 16
References .........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Maintained by: Microsoft Corporation
Lab Prerequisites
Following prerequisites and setup must be complete for successful completion of the exercise:

• You must be connected to the internet.


• Signup for Power BI: Go to http://aka.ms/pbidiadtraining and sign up for Power BI with a business
email address. If you cannot sign up for Power BI, let the instructor know.
• If you have an existing account, please go to http://app.powerbi.com and Sign in using your
Power BI Account.
• At minimum, a computer with 2-cores and 4GB RAM running one of the following version of
Windows: Windows 8 / Windows Server 2008 R2, or later.
• Microsoft Power BI Desktop requires Internet Explorer 10 or greater.
• Verify if you have 32-bit or 64-bit operating system to decide if you need to install the 32-bit or 64-
bit applications.
o Search for computer on your PC, right click properties for your computer.
o You will be able to identify if your operating system is 64 or 32 bit based on “system type”
as shown below.

• Download the Power BI Content: Create a folder called DIAD on the C drive of your local machine.
Copy all contents from the folder called Dashboard in a Day Assets to the DIAD folder you just
created (C:\DIAD).
• Download and install Power BI Desktop using any one of the options listed below:
o If you have Windows 10, use Microsoft App Store to download and install Power BI Desktop
app.
o Download and install Microsoft Power BI Desktop from http://www.microsoft.com/en-
us/download/details.aspx?id=45331.
• Download and install Power BI Mobile App on your mobile device
o If you are using an Apple product download and install the Microsoft Power BI Mobile app
from the Apple store or this link https://apps.apple.com/us/app/microsoft-power-
bi/id929738808
o If you are using an Android product download and install the Microsoft Power BI Mobile app
from the Google Play store or this link
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.microsoft.powerbim

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Maintained by: Microsoft Corporation
Document Structure
This document and the documents that follow have two main sections:
• Power BI Desktop: This section highlights the features available in Power BI Desktop and walks the
user through the process of bringing in data from the data source, modeling and creating
visualizations.
• Power BI Service: This section highlights the features available in Power BI Service including the
ability to publish the Power BI Desktop model to the web, creating and sharing dashboard and Q &
A.

The document flow is in a table format. On the left panel are steps the user needs to follow and in the
right panel are screenshots to provide a visual aid for the users. In the screenshots, sections are
highlighted with red boxes to highlight the action/area user needs to focus on.

NOTE: This lab is using real anonymized data and is provided by ObviEnce LLC. Visit their site to learn
about their services: www.obvience.com .
This data is property of ObviEnce LLC and has been shared for the purpose of demonstrating Power BI
functionality with industry sample data. Any uses of this data must include this attribution to ObviEnce
LLC.

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Maintained by: Microsoft Corporation
Overview
Introduction
Today you will be learning various key features of the Power BI service. This is an introductory course
intended to teach how to author reports using Power BI Desktop, create operational dashboards and
share content via the Power BI Service.

Data Set
The dataset you will you use today is a sales and market share analysis. This type of analysis is very
common for the office of a Chief Marketing Officer (CMO). Unlike the office of the Chief Financial Officer
(CFO), a CMO is focused not only on company’s performance internally (how well do our products sell) but
also externally (how well do we do against the competing products).

The company, VanArsdel, manufactures expensive retail products that could be used for fun as well as
work and it sells them directly to consumers nationwide as well as in several other countries.

By the end of the class, you will build a report which will look like the screenshot below. Office of the CMO
can use this report to analyze VanArsdel’s performance.

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Power BI Desktop
Power BI Desktop – Accessing Data
In this section, you will import VanArsdel and its competitors USA sales data. Then you will import and merge sales
data from other countries.

Power BI Desktop - Get Data


Let’s start with looking at the data files.
The dataset contains sales data of
VanArsdel and other competitors. We
have 7 years of transaction data by day,
product and zip code for each
manufacturer. We are going to analyze
data from 7 countries.

USA sales data is in a csv file located in


/Data/USSales folder.

Sales of all other countries is in


/Data/InternationalSales folder. Each
country’s sales data is in a csv file in this
folder.

Product, Geography and Manufacturer


information is in an excel file in
/Data/USSales/bi_dimensions.xlsx.

1. Open
/Data/USSales/bi_dimensions.xlsx.
Notice the first sheet has Product
information. The sheet has a header and
product data is in a named table. Also
notice Category column has a bunch of
empty cells.

Manufacturer sheet has data laid out


across the sheet and with no column
headers and it has a couple of blank rows
and a note in row 7.

Geo sheet has geography information.


The first couple of rows has data details.
Actual data starts from row 4.

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We will start by connecting to data from
these different files and perform data
cleaning and transformation operations.

2. If you don’t have the Power BI


Desktop open, launch it now.
3. Select Already have a Power BI
Account? Sign in option.
4. Sign in using your Power BI
credentials.
5. Startup screen opens. Click on X on the
top right corner of the dialog to close
it.

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Let’s set up the locale to US English, to
make it convenient to go through the rest
of this lab.

6. From the left panel, select File ->


Options and settings -> Options.
7. In the left panel of Options dialog,
select Regional Settings.
8. From the Locale drop down select
English (United States).
9. Select OK to close the dialog.

First step is to load data to Power BI


Desktop. We will load USA Sales data
which is in comma separated value (CSV)
files.

10. From the ribbon, select Home -> Get


Data.
11. Select Text/CSV.

Note: Power BI Desktop has the


capability to connect to 100+ data
sources. We are using csv and excel data
files in this lab for simplicity.

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12. Browse to DIAD\Data\USSales folder
and select sales.csv.
13. Click Open.

Power BI detects the data type of each


column. There are options to detect the
data type based on the first 200 rows or
based on the entire dataset or not detect
it. Since our dataset is large and it will
take time and resources to scan the
complete data set, let’s leave the default
option of selecting dataset based on the
first 200 rows.
After completing your selection, you have
three options – Load, Edit or Cancel.
• Load, loads the data from the
source into Power BI Desktop for
you to start creating reports.
• Transform Data allows you to
perform data shaping operations
such as merging columns, adding
additional columns, changing data
types of columns as well as
bringing in additional data.
• Cancel gets you back to the main
canvas.

14. Click Transform Data as shown in the


screenshot. A new window opens.

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You should be in the Query Editor
window as shown in the screenshot to
the right. Query Editor is used to perform
data shaping operations. Notice the sales
file you connected to shows as a query in
the left panel. You see a preview of the
data in the center panel. Power BI
predicts data type of each field (based on
the first 200 rows) which is indicated next
to the column header. In the right panel,
steps that Query Editor performs are
recorded.

Note: You will be bringing in sales data


from other countries as well as
performing certain data shaping
operations.

15. Notice Power BI has set Zip field to


data type Whole Number. To ensure
that Zip codes which start with zero
don’t lose the leading zero, we will
format them as text. Highlight the
Zip column. From the ribbon, select
Home -> Data Type and update it to IMPORTANT!
Text.
Changing the
16. Change Column Type dialog opens. data type is a big
Select Replace Current button which deal to use later
overwrites Power BI’s predicted
datatype.
Now let’s get the data that is in excel
source file.

17. From the ribbon, select Home -> New


Source -> Excel.

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18. Browse to DIAD\Data\USSales folder
and select bi_dimensions.xlsx.

Navigator dialog opens.

19. Navigator dialog lists 3 sheets that


are in the excel workbook. It also lists
the Product named table. Select
product from the left panel and in
preview panel notice the first row is
the header. This is not part of the
data.
20. Unselect product from the left panel.
Select Product_Table. Notice this has
only the contents of the named table.
This is the data we need.

Note: Table names are differentiated


from Worksheet names by using different
icons.
21. From the left panel, select geo table.
In the preview panel notice the first
couple of rows are headers that are
not part of the data. We will remove
them shortly.
22. From the left panel, select
manufacturer. In the preview panel
notice the last couple of rows are
footers that are not part of the data.
We will remove them shortly.
23. Select Load. (Make sure the tables:
Product_Table, geo and
manufacturer are selected in the left
panel)
Notice all 3 sheets are added as queries
in the Query Editor.

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Power BI Desktop - Adding additional data
International subsidiaries have agreed to provide their sales data so that the company’s sales can be analyzed
together. You’ve created a folder where they each put their data.

To analyze all the data together you will


want to import the new data from each of
the subsidiaries and combine it with the
US Sales you loaded earlier.
You can load the files one at a time similar
to the US Sales but Power BI provides an
easier way to load all the files in a folder
together.

24. Click on the New Source drop down


in the Home menu tab of the Query
Editor.
25. Select More… as shown in the figure.

Get Data dialog opens.

26. In the Get Data dialog select Folder as


shown in the diagram.
27. Click Connect.

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Folder dialog opens.
28. Click Browse… button.
29. In the Browse for Folder dialog
navigate to the location where you
unzipped the class files.
30. Open the Data folder.
31. Select the InternationalSales folder.
32. Click OK (to close the Browse for
Folder dialog box).
33. Click OK (to close the Folder dialog
box).

Note: This approach will load all files in


the folder. This is useful when you have a
group that puts files on an ftp site each
month and you are not always sure of the
names of the files or the number of files.
All the files must be of the same file type
with columns in the same order.
Dialog displays the list of files in the
folder.

34. Since we want to combine data, click


Combine & Transform Data

Note: Date accessed, Date modified, and


Date created might be different compared
to the dates displayed in the screenshot.

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Combine Files dialog opens. By default,
Power BI again detects the data type
based on the first 200 rows.
Notice there is an option to select various
file Delimiters. The file we are working
with is Comma delimited, so let’s leave
Delimiter option as Comma.
There is also an option to select each
individual file in the folder (using Example
File dropdown) to validate the format of
the files.

35. Select OK.


You will be in the Query Editor window
with a new query called
InternationalSales.
36. If you do not see the Queries pane on
left, click on the > icon to expand.
37. If you do not see the Query Settings
pane on the right as shown in the
figure, click on View in the ribbon and
click Query Settings to see the pane.
38. Click on the Query InternationalSales.

Notice that column Zip is of type Whole


Number. Based on the first 200 rows
Power BI thinks Zip is of type Whole
Number. But zip code could be alpha
numeric in some countries or leading
zeros (similar to USA data). If we do not
change the data type, we will see an error
when we load the data shortly. So, let’s
change Zip to data type Text. IMPORTANT!
Changing the data
39. Highlight the Zip column and change type is a big deal
the Data Type to Text. to use later
40. Change Column Type dialog opens.
Select Replace Current button.

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In Queries panel, notice Transform File
from InternationalSales folder is created.
This contains the function used to load
each of the files in the folder.

If you compare InternationalSales and


sales table, you will see the
InternationalSales table contains two
new columns, Source.Name and Country.

41. We do not need Source.Name


column. Select Source.Name column.
From the ribbon, select Home ->
Remove Columns -> Remove
Columns.

42. Click on the drop down next to


Country column to see the unique
values.
43. You will only see Australia as shown
in the figure. By default, Power BI
only loads the first 1000 rows. Click
on Load more to validate you have
data from various countries included.

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You will see the countries, Australia,
Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico and
Nigeria.

44. Click OK.

Note: You can perform various types of


filters, sorting operations using the drop
down to verify the imported data.

Power BI Desktop – Data Preparation


In this section, we will explore methods to transform data in the data model. Transforming the data by renaming
tables, updating data types, and appending tables together ensures that the data is ready to be used for reporting.
In some instances, this means cleaning the data up so that similar sets of data are combined. In other instances,
groups of data are renamed so that they are more recognizable by end users and simplifies report writing.

Power BI Desktop - Renaming tables


The Query Editor window should appear
as shown in the diagram.
• If formula bar is disabled, you can turn
on the formula bar from the View
ribbon. This enables you to see the
“M” code generated by each click on
the ribbons.
• Select the options available on the
ribbon – Home, Transform, Add
Column and View to notice the
various features available.

1. Under Queries panel, minimize


Transform Files from InternationalSales
folder.
2. Select each query name in the Other
Queries section.
3. Rename them in the Query Settings ->
Properties section as shown below:

Initial Name Final Name


sales Sales
Product_Table Product

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geo Geography
manufacturer Manufacturer
InternationalSales International
Sales

Note: It is best practice to give descriptive


query names and column names. These
names are used in visuals and in Q&A
section, which is covered later in the lab.

Power BI Desktop – Filling empty values


Some of the data provided is not in the right format. Power BI provides extensive transformation capabilities to
clean and prepare the data to meet our needs. Let’s start with Product query. Notice that Category column has a lot
of null values. Hover over the green/gray bar (known as quality bar) below the column header. This allows you to
easily identify errors and empty values in your data previews. Looks like there are values in Category column only
when the value changes. We need to fill it down to have values in each row.

4. From the left panel, select Product


Query.
5. Select Category column.
6. From the ribbon select Transform -> Fill
-> Down.

Notice now all the null values are filled


with the appropriate Category values.

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Power BI Desktop – Splitting columns
In Product query, notice Product column. Looks like the product name and product segment are concatenated into
one field with a pipe (|) separator. Let’s split them into two columns. This will be useful when we build visuals, so
we can analyze based on both fields.

7. From the left panel, select Product


Query.
8. Select Product column.
9. From the ribbon select Home -> Split
Column -> By Delimiter. Split Column by
Delimiter dialog opens.
10. In the dialog, make sure Custom is
selected in the Select or enter delimiter
dropdown.
Note: Select or enter delimiter dropdown
has some of the standard delimiters like
comma, colon, etc.
11. Notice in the text area, there is a
hyphen (-). Power BI assumes we want to
split by hyphen. Remove hyphen symbol
and enter pipe symbol (|) as shown in the
screenshot.
12. Select OK.

Note: If the delimiter occurs multiple


times, Split at section provides option to
split only once (either left most or right
most) or the column can be split on each
occurrence of the delimiter.

In this scenario delimiter occurs only


once, hence Product column is split into 2
columns.

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Power BI Desktop – Renaming columns
Let’s rename the columns.
13. Select Product.1 column. Right click
next to the column name.
14. Select Rename from the selection
dialog.
15. Rename the field to Product.
16. Similarly rename Product.2 to
Segment.

Power BI Desktop – Using Column From Examples to split columns


In Product query, notice that the Price column has price and currency concatenated into one field. To do any
calculations we just need the numeric value. It will be good to split this field into two columns. We can use the split
feature like earlier or we can use Column From Examples. Column From Examples is handy in scenarios where the
pattern is more complex than a delimiter.

17. From the left panel, select Product


Query.
18. From the ribbon, select Add Column -
> Column From Examples -> From All
Columns.
19. In the first row of Column1 enter the
first Price value which is 412.13 and click
enter.
Notice as you enter, Power BI knows that
you want to split Price column. The
formula it uses is displayed as well.
20. Double click column header Text
After Delimiter to rename it.
21. Rename the column to MSRP.
22. Click OK to apply the changes.

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Notice MSRP field is of data type text. It
must be a decimal. Let’s change it.
23. Select ABC in MSRP column.
24. From the selection dialog, select Fixed
Decimal Number.

Notice all the steps we performed on the


Product query are being recorded under
APPLIED STEPS in the right panel.

Similarly, let’s create a currency column.


25. With Product query selected, from the
ribbon, select Add Column -> Column
From Examples -> From All Columns.
26. In the first row of Column1 enter the
first Currency value as USD and click enter
Notice as you enter, Power BI knows that
you want to split Price column. The
formula it uses is displayed as well.
27. Double click column header Text
Before Delimiter to rename it.
28. Rename the column to Currency.
29. Click OK to apply the changes.
Now that we have split Price into MSRP
and Currency columns, we don’t need
Price column. Let’s remove it.
30. From the left panel, select Product
Query.
31. Right click next to Price column.
32. Select Remove.

Power BI Desktop – Removing unwanted rows


In Geography query, notice that first two rows are informational. It is not part of the data. Similarly, in Manufacturer
query the last couple of rows are not part of the data. Let’s remove them so we have a clean dataset.

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33. In the left panel, select Geography
query.
34. From the ribbon, select Home ->
Remove Rows -> Remove Top Rows.
35. Remove Top Rows dialog opens. Enter
2 in the text box, since we want to
remove the top informational data row
and the blank 2nd row.
36. Select OK.

Notice the first row in Geography query


now is the column header. So let’s make it
a header.
37. With Geography query selected in the
left panel, from the ribbon select Home ->
Use First Row as Headers.
With that step Power BI predicts data
type of each field again
Notice column Zip was changed to data
type number. Let’s change it to text as we
did earlier. If we don’t we will see errors
when we load the data.
38. Select 123 next to Zip Column. From
the dialog, select Text.
39. Select Replace Current in the Change
Column Type dialog.
40. Remove 3 Bottom rows from
Manufacturer Query.

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Power BI Desktop – Transposing data
41. From the left panel, select
Manufacturer Query. Notice
ManufacturerID, Manufacturer and Logo
data is laid across in rows. And the header
is not useful. We need to transpose the
table to meet our needs.
42. From the ribbon select Transform ->
Transpose.

Notice this transposes the data into


columns. Now we need the first row to be
the header.
43. From the ribbon select Home -> Use
First Row as Headers.

Notice now Manufacturer table is laid out


the way we need it with a header and
values along columns.
Notice on the right panel under APPLIED
STEPS you will see the list of
transformations and steps that have been
applied.
You can navigate through each change
made to the data by clicking on the step.
Steps can also be deleted by clicking on
the X that appears to the left of the step.
The properties of each step can be
reviewed by clicking on the gear to the
right of the step.

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Power BI Desktop – Appending queries
To analyze the Sales of all countries, it is
convenient to have a single Sales table.
Hence you want to append all the rows
from International Sales to Sales.
44. Select Sales in the Queries window in
the left panel as shown in the figure.
45. From the ribbon select Home ->
Append Queries.
Append dialog opens. There is an option
to append Two tables or Three or more
tables. Leave Two tables selected since
we are appending just two tables.
46. Select International Sales from the
drop down and click OK.
You will now see a new column in the
Sales table called Country. Since
International Sales had the additional
column for Country, Power BI Desktop
added the column to the Sales table when
it loaded the values from International
Sales.
You see null values in the Country column
by default for the Sales table rows
because the column did not exist for the
table with USA data. We will add the
value “USA” as a data shaping operation.
47. From the ribbon select Add Column ->
Conditional Column.
48. In the Add Conditional Column dialog,
enter name of the column as
“CountryName”.
49. Select Country from the Column
Name dropdown.
50. Select equals from the Operator
dropdown.
51. Enter null in the Values text.
52. Enter USA in the Output text.
53. Select the dropdown under Else and
pick Select a column option.
54. Select Country from the column
dropdown.

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55. Click OK.
If Country equals null then the value is
USA else value is that of Country.
56. You will see the CountryName column
in the Query editor window.

The original Country column is only


required as a temporary column. It is
not required in the final table for
analysis and can be removed.
57. Right click on the Country column and
select Remove as shown in the figure.
We can now rename CountryName
column to Country.
58. Right click on the CountryName
column and rename to Country.
59. Using Home -> Data Type or by
selecting the data type next to the column
header, change the data type of the
Country column to type Text.
60. Using Home -> Data Type or by
selecting the data type next to the column
header, change the data type of the
Revenue column to type Fixed Decimal
Number since it is a currency field.
When the data is refreshed, it will process
through all the “Applied Steps” that you
have created.
The newly named Country column will
have names for all countries, including the
USA.
You can validate this by clicking on the
drop down next to Country column to see
the unique values.

61. At first, you will only see USA data.


Click on Load more to validate you have
data from all 7 countries.
62. Click OK to close this filter.

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Typically, when exploring data, we load a
subset of data. There are multiple ways to
do this. From the ribbon, select Home ->
Keep Rows -> Keep Top Rows OR Home -
> Keep Rows -> Keep Bottom Rows OR
Home -> Keep Rows -> Keep Range of
Rows. You can use any of these options to
filter down to a subset of data.
Our dataset has data from 2013 to 2019.
For our analysis we want to start with the
last 3 years of data (2017-2019). We don’t
know how many rows. We can filter by
year to get the subset.
63. Select the arrow next to Date in Sales
Query.
64. Select Date Filters -> In the Previous…
65. Filter Rows dialog opens. Enter 3 in
the text box next to is in the previous.
66. Select years from the dropdown.
67. Select OK.
Now that International Sales data is
appended to Sales, we don’t need the
International Sales table to load to the
data model. Let’s prevent International
Sales table from loading to the data
model.

68. From the Queries panel on the left,


select International Sales query.
69. Right click and select Enable Load.
This will disable loading International
Sales.

Note: The appropriate data from the


International Sales table will load into the
Sales table each time the model is
refreshed. By removing the International
Sales table, we are preventing duplicate
data from loading into the model and
increasing its file size. In some instances,
storing very large amounts of data affects
the data model performance.

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70. From the ribbon select View -> Query
Dependencies.

This opens Query Dependencies dialog.


The dialog shows the source of each of
the queries and dependencies. E.g. We
see that Sales query has a csv file source
and it has a dependency on International
Sales query. This is a useful self-document
that can be used to share knowledge with
your team members.

71. Select Close in the dialog.

Query Dependencies view can be zoomed


in and out as needed.
You have successfully completed import
and data shaping operations and are
ready to load the data into the Power BI
Desktop data model which allows you to
visualize the data.

72. Click on File -> Close & Apply.

All the data will be loaded in memory


within Power BI Desktop. You will see the
progress dialog with the number of rows
being loaded in each table as shown in
the Figure.

Note: It may take several minutes to load


all the tables.

73. Select File -> Save to save the file


after the data loading is complete. Name
the file as “MyFirstPowerBIModel”. Save
the file in \DIAD\Reports folder.

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References
Dashboard in a Day introduces you to some of the key functionalities available in Power BI. In the ribbon
of Power BI Desktop, the Help section has links to some great resources to help you as needed.

Here are a few more references that will help you with your next steps with Power BI.

Getting started: http://powerbi.com


Power BI Desktop: https://powerbi.microsoft.com/desktop
Power BI Mobile: https://powerbi.microsoft.com/mobile
Community site https://community.powerbi.com/
Power BI Getting started support page: https://support.powerbi.com/knowledgebase/articles/430814-
get-started-with-power-bi
Support site https://support.powerbi.com/
Feature requests https://ideas.powerbi.com/forums/265200-power-bi-ideas
Power BI edX course https://www.edx.org/course/analyzing-visualizing-data-power-bi-microsoft-dat207x-
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By using this demo/lab, you agree to the following terms:

The technology/functionality described in this demo/lab is provided by Microsoft Corporation for purposes of
obtaining your feedback and to provide you with a learning experience. You may only use the demo/lab to
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THIS DEMO/LAB PROVIDES CERTAIN SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY/PRODUCT FEATURES AND


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ABOVE. THE TECHNOLOGY/CONCEPTS REPRESENTED IN THIS DEMO/LAB MAY NOT REPRESENT
FULL FEATURE FUNCTIONALITY AND MAY NOT WORK THE WAY A FINAL VERSION MAY WORK.

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DISCLAIMER

This demo/lab contains only a portion of new features and enhancements in Microsoft Power BI. Some of
the features might change in future releases of the product. In this demo/lab, you will learn about some, but
not all, new features.

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Maintained by: Microsoft Corporation

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