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Virtual Reality: Introduction To

The document introduces virtual instrumentation and data acquisition. It discusses analog and digital signals, data conversion, sampling rates, and common hardware devices. It provides an overview of LabVIEW, including the front panel, block diagram, loops, and controls. The objectives are to understand virtual instrumentation and data acquisition system design using graphical programming.

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Neo Tarun
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106 views14 pages

Virtual Reality: Introduction To

The document introduces virtual instrumentation and data acquisition. It discusses analog and digital signals, data conversion, sampling rates, and common hardware devices. It provides an overview of LabVIEW, including the front panel, block diagram, loops, and controls. The objectives are to understand virtual instrumentation and data acquisition system design using graphical programming.

Uploaded by

Neo Tarun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

11/28/2018

INTRODUCTION TO

Virtual Reality

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First Person Perspective (FPP)

Course outline
• EXPERIMENTATION THROUGH GRAPHICAL
PROGRAMMING: Introduction, the front
panel, the block diagram, data acquisition,
components of a DAQ system, DAQ hardware
configuration, DAQ assistant, analog I/O,
digital I/O, typical sensor interface examples.

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Learning objectives
• Be able to

– Appreciate the knowledge on virtual instrumentation

– Know the process of data acquisition

– Design a graphical programming language for smart home

and automation applications

DAQ
• Data acquisition involves measuring signals (from a real-world
physical system) from different sensors, and digitizing the
signals for storage, analysis and presentation.
• Data acquisition is the digitizing and processing of multiple
sensor or signal inputs for the purpose of monitoring, analyzing
and/or controlling systems and processes.

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What type of signals?


• Signal - Time-varying “quantities”
(voltage) which convey some sort of
information (ie. voltage that’s changing
over time)
Analog – continuous

Digital - discrete

Analog to Digital conversion


Converts analog signals into binary

Encoding - assigning a
Quantizing - breaking down analog value is a digital word or
set of finite states number to each state
and matching it to the
input signal
Example

Input analog signal :0-10 V


The number of possible states that the converter
can output is: Analog quantization size:
N=2n Q=(Vmax-Vmin)/N = (10V – 0V)/8 = 1.25V
where n is the number of bits in the AD converter
Example: For a 3 bit A/D converter, N=23=8.

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Output Discrete Voltage Output Output Binary


States Ranges (V) States Equivalent
0 0.00-1.25
0 000
1 1.25-2.50
1 001
2 2.50-3.75
2 010
3 3.75-5.00
3 011
4 5.00-6.25
4 100
5 6.25-7.50
5 101
6 7.50-8.75
6 110
7 8.75-10.0
7 111

Resolution
• Resolution (number of discrete values the converter

can produce) = Analog Quantization size (Q)

(Q) = (Vmax-Vmin)/ N

• Q = 1.25V, this is a high resolution. A lower

resolution would be if we used a 2-bit converter,

then the resolution would be 10/2^2 = 2.50V.

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Sampling Rate

Frequency at which ADC evaluates analog signal.


As we see in the second picture, evaluating the signal more often more
accurately depicts the ADC signal.

Signal conversion

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NI USB 6008

NI USB 6009

Input and Output ports

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labVIEW

(Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation


and Engineering Work bench)

Virtual Instrumentation (VI)


• To Test, Control and Design applications making
accurate analog and digital measurements.
• Using VI, can also control external hardware
devices from desktop computer and for displaying
unit.

User Interface-Display and Control

Processing Module Data Base


Interface

Sensor Module
Sensing (or
Transducer) Sensor Interface
Signal conditioning
A/D conversion

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LABVIEW-Introduction
• Lab VIEW is a graphical programming language (G) that
uses icons instead of lines of text to create applications.
• Lab VIEW Programs Are Called Virtual Instruments (VIs)
because their appearance and operation imitate physical
instruments like Volt meter, Digital Multi-meter.
• Lab VIEW contains a set of VIs and functions for acquiring ,
analyzing , displaying and storing data.
• It includes analysis functions for differential equations,
optimization, curve fitting, calculus, linear algebra, statistics
and so on.

User – Interface
• Front Panel
• Controls = Inputs
• Indicators = Outputs

Ctrl+T = Align panels

• Block Diagram
• Accompanying
“program” for front
panel
• Components “wired”
together

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VI Front Panel
Front Panel Icon
Toolbar

Boolean
Control Graph
Legend

Waveform
Graph

Plot Scale
Legend Legend

VI Block Diagram
Block
Diagram
Toolbar Divide
Function

SubVI

Graph
Terminal

Wire
Data

While Loop Numeric Timing Boolean Control


Structure Constant Function Terminal

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Controls and Functions Palettes


Controls Palette
(Front Panel Window)

Select View» Controls Palette or


right-click the front panel
workspace to display the
Controls palette.

Functions Palette
(Block Diagram Window)

Arithmetic, instrument I/O,Timing, and


data acquisition operations.

Status Toolbar

Run Button

Continuous Run Button Additional Buttons on


the Diagram Toolbar
Abort Execution

Pause/Continue Button Execution Highlighting


Button
Text Settings
Step Into Button
Align Objects
Step Over Button
Distribute Objects
Step Out Button
Reorder

Resize front panel


objects

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Types of Controls and


Indicators

Loops
• Nearly all programs involve some
sort of loop where all or sections of
the program must be repeated.

FOR Loop WHILE Loop

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NI – DAQmx

NI - DAQmx

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