Script For Mastectomy

When surgically treating patients for
cancer, a doctor’s primary goal

is to remove as much of the cancer as possible. While nonsurgical
options are available, they may prove to be less effective. For that
reason, if you have breast cancer, doctors may recommend a
modified radical mastectomy (MRM).
A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure that removes the entire

breast — including the skin, breast tissue, areola, and nipple — along
with most of your underarm lymph nodes. However, your chest
muscles are left intact.
The MRM procedure is a standard option for treating breast cancer.

Other surgical options include:
 simple or total mastectomy- This method removes

the whole breast, including the nipple, the colored ring around the
nipple (called the areola), and most of the overlying skin.
 radical mastectomy - procedure that removes the entire breast
— including the skin, breast tissue, areola, and nipple — along
with most of your underarm lymph nodes. However, your chest
muscles are left intact.
 partial mastectomy- is another name for a lumpectomy, a breast-
conserving surgery that only removes the part of the breast that has
cancer and a small rim around it to help prevent recurrence.
 nipple-sparing (subcutaneous mastectomy)- or subcutaneous
mastectomy, combines a skin-sparing mastectomy with
preservation of the nipple–areola complex (NAC), with the possibility
of intraoperative pathological assessment of adjacent tissue.
Paper basa
Who usually gets a modified radical

mastectomy?
3. People whose breast cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes who
decide to have a mastectomy may be recommended to have the MRM
procedure. MRM is also available for patients with any type of breast cancer
where there may be a reason to remove the axillary lymph nodes.
Complications: Paper basa
What to expect after surgery

Recovery times differ from one person to the next. Typically, people
remain in the hospital for one or two days. In some cases, your
doctor may recommend radiation therapy or chemotherapy following
your mastectomy procedure.
At home, it’s important to keep your surgical area clean and dry. You
will be given specific instructions on how to care for your wound site
and how to properly bathe. Pain is normal, but the amount of
discomfort you experience may vary. Your doctor may suggest pain
relievers, but only take what is prescribed. Some pain medications
can cause complications and slow your healing process.
Lymph node removal can cause your arm to feel stiff and sore. Your
doctor may recommend certain exercises or physical therapy to
increase movement and prevent swelling. Perform these exercises
slowly and regularly to prevent injury and complications.
If you begin to experience more discomfort or if you notice you are

healing at a slower pace, schedule a visit with your doctor.
Laboratory result basa sa papel
Medication read ppt

General anesthesia is a combination of medications that put you in a sleep-
like state before a surgery or other medical procedure. Under general
anesthesia, you don't feel pain because you're completely unconscious.
General anesthesia usually uses a combination of intravenous drugs and
inhaled gasses (anesthetics).
General anesthesia is more than just being asleep, though it will likely feel
that way to you. But the anesthetized brain doesn't respond to pain signals or
reflexes.
An anesthesiologist is a specially trained doctor who specializes in

anesthesia. While you're under anesthesia, the anesthesiologist monitors your
body's vital functions and manages your breathing.
In many hospitals, an anesthesiologist and a certified registered nurse

anesthetist (CRNA) work together during your procedure.
Why it's done

Your anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, along with your doctor, will
recommend the best anesthesia option for you based on the type of surgery
you are having, your overall health and your individual preferences. For
certain procedures, your team may recommend general anesthesia. These
include procedures that may:
 Take a long time

 Result in significant blood loss
 Expose you to a cold environment
 Affect your breathing (particularly chest or upper abdominal surgery)
Other forms of anesthesia, such as light sedation combined with local

anesthesia (for a small area) or regional anesthesia (for a larger part of your
body), may not be appropriate for more involved procedures.
Risks
General anesthesia is overall very safe; most people, even those with
significant health conditions, are able to undergo general anesthesia itself
without serious problems.
In fact, your risk of complications is more closely related to the type of
procedure you're undergoing and your general physical health, rather than to
the type of anesthesia.
Older adults, or those with serious medical problems, particularly those

undergoing more extensive procedures, may be at increased risk of
postoperative confusion, pneumonia, or even stroke and heart attack. Specific
conditions that can increase your risk of complications during surgery include:
 Smoking
 Seizures
 Obstructive sleep apnea
 Obesity
 High blood pressure
 Diabetes
 Stroke
 Other medical conditions involving your heart, lungs or kidneys
 Medications, such as aspirin, that can increase bleeding
 History of heavy alcohol use
 Drug allergies
 History of adverse reactions to anesthesia
These risks are more generally related to the surgery itself rather than the
anesthesia.
Anesthesia awareness
Estimates vary, but about 1 or 2 people in every 1,000 may be partially awake
during general anesthesia and experience what is called unintended
intraoperative awareness. It is even rarer to experience pain, but this can
occur as well.
Because of the muscle relaxants given before surgery, people are unable to
move or speak to let doctors know that they are awake or experiencing pain.
For some patients, this may cause long-term psychological problems, similar
to post-traumatic stress disorder.
This phenomenon is so rare that it's difficult to make clear connections. Some
factors that may be involved include:
 Emergency surgery
 Cesarean delivery
 Depression
 Use of certain medications
 Heart or lung problems
 Daily alcohol use
 Lower anesthesia doses than are necessary used during procedure
 Errors by the anesthesiologist, such as not monitoring the patient or not
measuring the amount of anesthesia in the patient's system throughout
the procedure
How you prepare

General anesthesia relaxes the muscles in your digestive tract and airway that
keep food and acid from passing from your stomach into your lungs. Always
follow your doctor's instructions about avoiding food and drink before surgery.
Fasting is usually necessary starting about six hours before your surgery. You
may be able to drink clear fluids until a few hours prior.
Your doctor may tell you to take some of your regular medications with a
small sip of water during your fasting time. Discuss your medications with your
doctor.
You may need to avoid some medications, such as aspirin and some other
over-the-counter blood thinners, for at least a week before your procedure.
These medications may cause complications during surgery.
Some vitamins and herbal remedies, such as ginseng, garlic, Ginkgo biloba,
St. John's wort, kava and others, may cause complications during surgery.
Discuss the types of dietary supplements you take with your doctor before
your surgery.
If you have diabetes, talk with your doctor about any changes to your
medications during the fasting period. Usually you won't take oral diabetes
medication the morning of your surgery. If you take insulin, your doctor may
recommend a reduced dose.
If you have sleep apnea, discuss your condition with your doctor. The
anesthesiologist or anesthetist will need to carefully monitor your breathing
during and after your surgery.
What you can expect

Before the procedure
Before you undergo general anesthesia, your anesthesiologist will talk with
you and may ask questions about:
 Your health history

 Your prescription medications, over-the-counter medications and
herbal supplements
 Allergies
 Your past experiences with anesthesia
This will help your anesthesiologist choose the medications that will be the
safest for you.
During the procedure
Your anesthesiologist usually delivers the anesthesia medications through an

intravenous line in your arm. Sometimes you may be given a gas that you
breathe from a mask. Children may prefer to go to sleep with a mask.
Once you're asleep, the anesthesiologist may insert a tube into your mouth
and down your windpipe. The tube ensures that you get enough oxygen and
protects your lungs from blood or other fluids, such as stomach fluids. You'll
be given muscle relaxants before doctors insert the tube to relax the muscles
in your windpipe.
Your doctor may use other options, such as a laryngeal airway mask, to help
manage your breathing during surgery.
Someone from the anesthesia care team monitors you continuously while you
sleep. He or she will adjust your medications, breathing, temperature, fluids
and blood pressure as needed. Any issues that occur during the surgery are
corrected with additional medications, fluids and, sometimes, blood
transfusions.
After the procedure
When the surgery is complete, the anesthesiologist reverses the medications

to wake you up. You'll slowly wake either in the operating room or the
recovery room. You'll probably feel groggy and a little confused when you first
wake. You may experience common side effects such as:
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Dry mouth
 Sore throat
 Muscle aches
 Itching
 Shivering
 Sleepiness
 Mild hoarseness
You may also experience other side effects after you awaken from
anesthesia, such as pain. Your anesthesia care team will ask you about your
pain and other side effects. Side effects depend on your individual condition
and the type of surgery. Your doctor may give you medications after your
procedure to reduce pain and nausea.

Script For Mastectomy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Script For Mastectomy

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Script For Mastectomy

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

When surgically treating patients for

cancer, a doctor’s primary goal

A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure that removes the entire

The MRM procedure is a standard option for treating breast cancer.

 simple or total mastectomy- This method removes

Who usually gets a modified radical

Complications: Paper basa

What to expect after surgery

If you begin to experience more discomfort or if you notice you are

Laboratory result basa sa papel

Medication read ppt

An anesthesiologist is a specially trained doctor who specializes in

In many hospitals, an anesthesiologist and a certified registered nurse

Why it's done

 Take a long time

Other forms of anesthesia, such as light sedation combined with local

Older adults, or those with serious medical problems, particularly those

How you prepare

What you can expect

 Your health history

During the procedure

Your anesthesiologist usually delivers the anesthesia medications through an

After the procedure

When the surgery is complete, the anesthesiologist reverses the medications

You might also like