Module

3 The Carbon Compounds

Overview

In the previous module, you have learned about how non-metals make chemical bonds by sharing
electrons from their outer shells to attain stable electronic configurations. This is also the process by
which every carbon compound or organic compound is formed. In this module, the lessons will be
about the uses and properties of common organic compounds like hydrocarbons, aldehydes and
ketones, carboxylic acids and alcohols.
In this module, you will be able to answer the following key questions:

What are organic compounds?

What are the important uses of organic compounds?

How are the carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?

In what ways are the properties of organic compounds related to their uses?

In your quest to answer the above thought provoking questions you will be able to:
 explain how the structure of carbon atom affects the types of bonds it forms
 recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds.

Before anything else, please answer the pre-assessment prepared for you.
Pre-Assessment: (MONDAY)

Write the letter of the correct answer.

____1. Which of the following statements best describe organic compounds?

a. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon and oxygen only
b. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living things
c. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen
d. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms only
____2. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
a. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds
b. By forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements
c. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements
d. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
____3. What is the maximum number of bonds can a carbon atom form?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
____4. Emmanuel Juan, a fisher man, went home with some of his catch and told his son to cook the
fish. But his son said, “father the stove ran out of fuel already”. Then his father told him to buy some
so that they could start cooking the fish. Which organic compound do you think the boy will buy?
a. kerosene c. lubricating oil
b. gasoline d. isopropyl alcohol
____5. Which of the following pairs of organic compounds is highly flammable?
a. gasoline, acetone c. lubricating oil, isopropyl alcohol
b. water, ethyl alcohol d. liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene
____6. Honey is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of her bicycle so that friction
will be minimized. Which of the following material do you think she is using?
a. vinegar c. kerosene
b. isopropyl alcohol d. lubricating oil
____7. A gasoline boy was being scolded by his store manager for smoking in the vicinity of the
gasoline station. Why do you think the manager scolded his
employee?
a. because gasoline is volatile c. because gasoline is viscous
b. because gasoline is flammable d. all of the above
____8. Joimee scratched herself when her arm bumped into the concrete post. What do you think
should she apply to make her bruises free from harmful germs?
a. formalin c. water
b. isopropyl alcohol d. acetone
____9. Which organic compound is used as a cleaning agent?
a. gasoline c. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
b. kerosene d. ethyl alcohol
____10. Which hydrocarbon compound has a triple bond in the molecule?
a. octane c. ethane
b. methane d. ethyne
____11. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon compound?
 a. 1 b. 2. c. 3 d. 4

____12. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure
belong?

a. alkane c. alkene
b. alkyne d. none of the above
____13. Ethene is a natural gas produced in plants, which acts as a natural ripening agent of fruits.
Which of the following organic compounds has the same ability to ripen fruits?
a. butane c. acetylene
b. propene d. pentyne
____14. Which alkane will most likely have a very low boiling point?
a. propane c. butane
b. pentane d. hexane
____15. What is the common use of methane?
a. disinfectant c. artificial ripening agent
b. fertilizer d. fuel
____16. Which are TRUE about the use of isopropyl alcohol?
I. cleaner III. Disinfectant
II. fuel IV. fertilizer
a. I and II only c. III and IV only
b. II and III only d. I and IV only
____17. Salvador has to remove the red paint in the paintbrush so that he could still use it again next
time. What organic compound should he use to remove the paint in the paintbrush?
a. acetic acid c. kerosene
b. lubricating oil d. formaldehyde

____18. Which of the following compounds is a carbonyl compound?

a. . c.

b. d. all of the above

____19. What organic compound is used by embalmers in treating human cadavers?
a. acetic acid c. methyl alcohol
b. formaldehyde d. acetone
____20. Which compound is an alcohol?
c.
a.

b. d.
Activity 1: Organic Compounds: Are they Useful? (TUESDAY)

Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element carbon. Organic
compounds contain carbon and hydrogen combined with other elements namely oxygen, nitrogen,
phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine) Ethyl alcohol, acetone,
gasoline, napthalene, acetic acid, vanillin, acetylene, and esters are just a few examples of many
useful organic compounds. These kinds of compounds are produced by plants and animals.
However, these carbon-containing compounds can also be produced artificially. There are also
organic compounds that are produced from petroleum: liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline,
lubricating oil and kerosene. These compounds have different uses in the community.
Many organic compounds are formed because of the special characteristics of the element carbon. A
carbon atom has four (4) valence electrons. This kind of atomic structure makes the carbon atom able
to form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can
also make many types of arrangements: single bond, double bond, and triple bond. With these
abilities of the carbon atoms, chemical bonds between carbon atoms and other elements can form
different kinds of compounds with short and long straight and branched chained structures such as
the following compounds.

Methane Isopropyl Alcohol Acetylene

Objective:
In this activity, you will be able to recognize the uses of common organic compounds.

Materials: (Use products that are available at your home)

paper and pen pentel pen manila paper

Labels or Pictures of the following products:

gasoline acetone kerosene acetic acid LPG ethanol

Procedure:
1) Use the labels/pictures of the materials to answer the following questions:

Complete the table about the uses of the compounds. Using a check mark, indicate the uses of the
compounds. You may have more than one check mark per sample depending on its use/s.
Table 1: Organic compounds and their uses
Organic Compounds
Gasoline Ethanol Acetone LPG kerosene Acetic
acid
Beverage
Food
Antiseptic
Uses
Fuel
Cleaner

Q1. What do you think are the characteristics of the materials which give their uses?
Q2. Why do you think these kinds of organic compounds are very important?

You just learned the important uses of common organic compounds that are commonly used. In the
next activity, you will learn about the properties of these common compounds that will help you to
appreciate their specific uses.

Use this space to answer the questions in this activity.

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2. ________________________________________________________________________
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Q3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the boiling
point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower? Explain your answer.
Q4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids? Q5. Why do you think
there are many hydrocarbon compounds?
Q6. What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses of gaseous
hydrocarbon compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?

1. ________________________________________________________________________
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2. ________________________________________________________________________
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3. ________________________________________________________________________
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QUIZ- THURSDAY
____1. Which are TRUE about organic compounds?
I. organic compounds contain calcium
IIorganic compounds contain carbon
III. organic compounds can be produced by living organisms
IV. organic compounds can be produced artificially
a. I, II and III only c. II and III only
b. I and III only d. II, III and IV only
____2. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
a. carbon atoms have strong attraction to other elements
b. carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms
c. carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon
d. none of the above
____3. How many types of bonds can a carbon atom form?
a. 1 c. 2
b. 3 d. 4
____4. Marcy’s car stopped at the middle of the road. She found out that her car has ran out of fuel.
Which compound must she buy?
a. kerosene c. lubricating oil
b. gasoline d. water
____5. Juan Victor’s grandmother was cooking their supper when she suddenly stopped and said,
“Oh, the tank is already empty!” Then her grandmother asked him to buy another tank. What did
Victor’s grandmother ask him to buy?
a. gasoline c. lubricating oil
b. water d. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
____6. Juan Miguel wants to protect his bicycle’s parts from rusting fast. Which of the following
material do you think will Miguel use?
a. vinegar c. kerosene
b. isopropyl alcohol d. lubricating oil
____7. Marcela told her grandson, Miguel, never to play with gasoline. Why do you think she does not
allow him to do it?
a. because gasoline is volatile c. because gasoline is viscous
b. because gasoline is flammable d. all of the above
____8. Emmanuel Juan cut his finger accidentally when he was cutting his nails. He has to apply
something on his wound so that it will not get infected. Which compounds should he use?
a. Formalin c. kerosene
b. isopropyl alcohol d. acetone
____9. Why is it important to know the properties of common liquid materials?
a. To know the uses of the liquids
b. To know possible danger from these kind of material
c. To know how these liquids affect people
d. all of the above
____10. Which hydrocarbon compound has a double bond in the molecule?
a. ethane c. propene
b. methane d. propyne
____11. How many types of bonds are there in the following hydrocarbon compound?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
____12. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure
belong?
a. alkaneC. c. alkene
b. alkyne D. d. none of the above
____13. Methane is a component of natural gas. What is the common use of methane?
a. disinfectant c. fuel
b. medicine d. cleaning agent
____14. What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbon compounds when the number of carbon
atoms increases?
a. remains the same c. increases
b. decreases d. increases then decreases
____15. What is the common use of ethyne?
a. disinfectant c. artificial ripening agent
b. fertilizer d. antibiotic