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qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ ;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo pxf“ n ] tTsfnLg k| d , ;]jf ug{ g;Sg] cf}“Nofpg'eof] .
;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf /fHo:t/af6 dGqLnufotsf pRrkb:yx¿n] g} ljb]zLsf] ;xof]udf geO{
/lrt ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ ljifos h'n;' df ‘/f]lxtnfO{ kmf“;L b]’ gf/f hgtfsf] ;xof]udf qmflGt ug{k' g{]
k| j rg sfo{ q md cgnfOg nufpg' lgGbgLo ePsf] cfjZostf cf}“Nofpg'x'“b} cWoIf
h'ddfkm{t ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . atfpg''eof] . lah'S5]n“ ] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{n] g]kfndf
g] k fn dhb' / ls;fg pxf“n] g]dlskfn] b]z / u/]sf] pkb|jn] g/fd|f] kl/0ffd
kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ hgtfsf] lgM:jfy{ ;]jf u/]sf] sf/0f Nofpg] atfpg'eof] .
-/f] l xt_ n] ‘eQmk' / sf08’df To;nfO{ /f]Sg] p2]Zon] if8\oGq ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbn]
k~rfotn] of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] ul/Psf] atfpg' x ' “ b } sDo' l g:6 g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfdf cfqmd0f
if8\oGq /r]sf] atfpg'xb“' } ;/hldg kf6L{lj?4sf if8\oGq a]nfot, ul//x] s f] cj:yfdf cd] l /sL
PstkmL{ ug'{ / lhNnf cbfntdf k| m fG;, ?;, hd{ g L, ;fd|fHojfbn] blIf0f Pl;ofdf o'4
d'2f gu/L ljz]if cbfntdf ul/g'
;+ljwfg / P]gsfg'gljk/Lt ePsf]
atfpg'eof] .
cd]l/sfnufotsf b]zx¿df klg
ePsf] k|:6\ofpg'eof] .
cWoIf lah'S5]“n] ljb]zL
yf]Kg NofPsf] Pd;L;L ;Demf}tf
kfl/t eP b]zsf] cj:yf uDeL/
x'g] rrf{ ug'x{ b“' } cWoIf lah'S5]n“ ]
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-b]z / hgtfdf ;dlk{t ljrf/k|wfg_
k~rfotn] g]dlskfsf g]tf– hf;'; / k~rx¿ g]kfnsf k|dv ' eGg'eof], æef/tn] xfd|f] v'6\6f
sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ o'4aGbLsf] h:tf] bnx¿df ePsf] sf/0f g} zf;s af“sL k[i7 !@ df jif{ @& c° ## !^ ebf} @)&
@)&&& , d·naf/ 1 Sept., 2020, Tuesday d"No ¿= !).–

æsd{rf/L – ;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ljleGg /fhgLlts ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ M /fHoåf/f

ljrf/wf/faf/] lzlIft agfpg' cfjZos 5Æ /lrt Ps c;kmn if8\oGq
eQmk' / . g] k fn dhb' /
ls;fg kf6L{nfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug{
kf6L{sf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿sf] 3/
b]vfO{ k|x/Låf/f kqmfp ug{ nufPsf]
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tTsfnLg k~rfotL Joj:yfn] pNn]v ug'x{ b“' } ;lrj ;'jfnn] tL ‘zq'sf] s'g} klg pkfoåf/f gi6 ug'{ ;j{yf gLlt;Ddt x'G5’
@)$% ;fn ebf}df /r]sf] ‘eQmk'/ hfnL km6fxfx¿ clxn] kfn}kfnf] k|Voft gLltzf:qL rf0fSosf] egfO xf] of] . pgn] cfkm\gf zq'nfO{
sf08’ sf] eT;{gf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/df uPsf g]sf, Pdfn], s'g} klg if8\oGq jf 5nsk6 u/L xTof ug'{ zf:q;Ddt x'g] cfkm\gf
qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;ª\3 eQmk'/ dfcf]jfbLleq 3';/] if8\oGqsf] gof“ gLltzf:qdf JofVof u/]sf 5g\ .
lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf ebf} ( tfgfafgf a'lg/x]sf] atfpg'eof] . tTsfnLg k~rfotL Joj:yfsf ;~rfnsx¿ lj/f]wLx¿nfO{
ut] cgnfOg k|jrg sfo{qmd eof] . pxf“n] kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x¿ bafpg h:tf];s ' } if8\oGq ug{ kl5 kb}g{ y] . k~rfotL Joj:yfnfO{
sf] l e8–!( dxfdf/L ljz]ifu/L dlxnf lbbLalxgLx¿n] lgb{nLo bfaL ul/P klg Tof] k~rx¿sf] Ps bnLo Joj:yf lyof] .
km} l n/x] s f] cj:yfdf hf/L k~rfotL /fHo:t/sf] bdg, w/ks8, k~rx¿n] h:tf];s ' } ck/fw u/]klg k~r vt dfkm x'GYof] eg]
lgif]wf1fsf lgod kfngf ub}{ 3/ tf]8kmf]8, k|x/L 3]/fdf ;h{ldg k~rfot Ot/x¿n] u/]sf hgkIfLo sfdnfO{ ;d]t ltgLx¿ ck/fw
cgnfOg dfWodaf6 ;f] sfo{qmd / k|x/L nf7Lrfh{, k|x/L vf]/leq 7fGy] . g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] clzlIft dhb'/ – ls;fgnfO{
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . cgnfOg g]tf / sfo{stf{dfly oftgf cflbsf] /fhg}lts¿kdf ;r]t / ;·l7t ub}{ cfkm\gf] xs clwsf/sf] nflu
sfo{qmddf b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfsf k|lt/f]w ug{ /ftel/ 6f]n6f]ndf aflx/} af]Ng l;sfpg', k|ltlqmofjfbL ;ª\3–;+:yfleq uP/ hgtfsf] ;]jf
;fy} ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnL klg kl/l:yltdf klg ;ª\3if{sf] d}bfgdf ;ª\3if{n] w]/} s'/f l;sfPsf] / ;' T g] , d;fn h' n ' ; nufot ug]{ gLlt lng' h:tf b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf u/]sf sfdnfO{ g}
;xefuL lyP . w]/} s'/f l;s]sf] rrf{ ug'{x'“b} kf6L{k|ltsf] ljZjf; cem uf9f ultljlwdfkm{t k|x/L bdgsf] k|lt/f]w tTsfnLg k~rx¿n] ck/fw 7fg] .
sfo{qmddf g]kfn dhb'/ dlxnfx¿ /fhgLlts¿kdf ;r]t agfPsf] atfpg'eof] . ub}{ kL8fnfO{ zlQmdf abNg] sfd kf6L{ k|ltalGwt cj:yfdf k~rfotsf] lj/f]wdf ljrf/ k|s6
ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg / ;·l7t x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . csf{ e'Qmef]uL s[i0fdfof ug'e{ Psf] pNn]v ug'e{ of] . ;lrj ug'{nfO{ ;d]t u}/sfg'gL dflgGYof] / ;hfosf] efuL x'g'kYof]{ .
lah'S5]n“ ] @)$% ;fnsf] sf08df pxf“n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] njh"n] lj/f]wLn] 3/–kl/jf/nfO{ ;'jfnn] sltko ljBfnosf d08n] To;a]nf /fhg}lts bnx¿ e"ldut¿kdf ;lqmo lyP . k~rfotsf]
dlxnfx¿n] k~rfotL ;/sf/n] ;dodf g]dlskfsf] ;·7g hxf“ – ql;t agfpg cg]s em"6f k|rf/ lzIfsx¿lj?4 ljBfyL{x¿sf] sIff lj/f]w ug]{ /fhg}lts sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ ljleGg cleof]u nufO{ b]zsf
lbPsf] b'Mvsf ;fy} c1fgtfsf] sf/0f hxf“ lyof], ToxL“ – ToxL“ bdg ePsf] u/]sf] :d/0f ug'x{ b“' } /fhgLlts 1fg alxisf/ cfGbf]ng;d]t ePsf] ljleGg h]ndf aGbL agfOPsf] lyof] .
klg yk b'Mv ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] x'gfn] ;f] sf08 zf]liftju{sf] / n]vk9 ghfGbf w]/} ;d:of atfpg'eof] . g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{n] lgjf{rgnfO{ hgtfsf] r]tgf:t/
atfpg'eof] . k| l tlglwTj ug] { /fhgLlts ef]Ug'k/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . k~rfotL ;/sf/sf] gfKg] Aof/f]ld6/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{ gLlt lnof] . c¿ a]nfeGbf
pxf“ n ] ljutaf6 l;s] / ljrf/wf/fdflysf] bdg ePsf] g]kfn qmflGtsf/L dlxnf g]dlskfdfly ePsf] bdgsf] lj/f]wdf lgjf{rgsf] a]nf hgtf a9L ;8sdf cfpg] x'b“ f lgjf{rgnfO{ pkof]u
clxn]sf] gof“ k':tfnfO{ ljBfnod} atfpg'eof] . ;ª\3 kf“rf“} eQmk'/ lhNnf ;Dd]ng jl/i7 sfg'gljb\, dfgjclwsf/jfbL, ub}{ k~rfotsf] lj/f]w ug]{ / hgtfnfO{ /fhg}lts¿kdf ;r]t kfg]{
ljleGg ljifosf] hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ ;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf tof/L ;ldltsf ;+of]hs ;[hgf kqsf/, ;dfh;]jL, k|fWofks, lzIfs cj;/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u¥of] . k~rfotL Joj:Yffleq} uP/ To;nfO{
/ To;sf] lglDt lzIfsx¿ cu|;/ sdnd}of“ ;'jfnn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ ;} “ h " s f] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] Psh'6 eP/ p7\ge' Psf] / pxf“x¿ sdhf]/ kfg{] kf6L{sf] gLlt lyof] Tof] . zflGtk"0f{ cj:yfdf lgjf{rg
x'gk' g]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . h:tf] bdgsf/L 36gf km]l/ km]l/ sfo{qmddf ;/:jtL l;ª\Vjfn, ;a}kl| t kf6L{ s[t1 ePsf] klg pNn]v alxisf/n] k|lts[ofjfbLx¿nfO{ ;xof]udfq} k'¥ofp“5 eg] k|ltlqmofjfbL
cWoIf lah'S5]“n] @)$% klg bf]xf]l/g ;lsg] ePsf]n] cfufdL b]ljsf bg]v," uª\uf j}B / Plngf ug'{eof] . ;+:yfleq uP/ hgtfsf] ;]jf ubf{ k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿sf] lgb|f e·
;fnsf] sf08df g]dlskfsf g]tf, lbgdf sfdbf/ hgtf ;hu x'gk' g]{ tfd|fsf/n] klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf x'G5 . To;}n] alxisf/eGbf lgjf{rgdf efu lnP/ hgtfsf] ;]jf
sfo{stf{ / ;dy{sx¿nfO{ /fHon] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ps]z sjf+n] e"sDksf] ug'{ lgs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ x'G5 . Psflt/ kb / k};fsf] nf]e b]vfP/
kf6L{sf /fd|f – /fd|f sfo{stf{x¿ laufg]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 eg] csf]l{ t/
k/flht b]zsf hgtfnfO{ h:t} x]nfxf]rf]
/ ckdfg u/]sf] :d/0f ug'x{ b“ ' } k|x/Ln]
ljleGg lhNnfdf ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] eT;{gf sf/0f kLl8t hgtfnfO{ /fxt ljt/0f
gu/L s'g} Iflt gePsfx¿nfO{ /fxt ljleGg em"6f d'2fdf km;fpg] klg plQs} vt/f x'G5 . ;fdGtjfb
;j{ ; fwf/0fnfO{ ckdfg ug' { atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] ju{ zq'kl| tsf] sfe| ] ljt/0f ul/Psf]n] clk|o 36gf ePsf] / k“h' LjfbnfO{ h/}bl] v pv]Ng lgjf{rgdf efu lng' cfjZos dfq
sfg'gljk/Lt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . 3[ 0 ff / abnfsf] efjgfnfO{ æ/fhgLlts / ;f+:s[lts atfpg'eof] . xf]Og ls ckl/xfo{ 5 eGg] xfd|} cg'ejn] b]vfPsf] 5 .
pxf“n] eGg'eof], æefiffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . kl/kSjtf gePsfx¿ cfkm\gf] hgtfn] x' n af6 arfP/ cfkm"nfO{ jfdkGyL bfaL ug]{ kf6L{x¿;d]t g]dlskfn] r'gfjnfO{
xltof/sf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug'{ unt ;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf JolQmut :jfy{df clnsltdfq k|x/Lsf] Eofgdf k'¥ofPsf x\of]hs " f] pkof]u u/]sf]df ‘k~rfotjfbL’, ‘/fhfjfbL’ h:tf cf/f]kx¿ nufp“y] .
xf] .Æ zf]ef k|wfgn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ n] gf]S;fg b]Vg]lalQs} ju{zq';“u k~rfotL zf;s / k|zf;gsf] h:tf];s ' } cf/f]kx¿ nufOP tfklg kf6L{n] n]lggjfbL gLltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
cWoIf lah' S 5] “ n ] ;+ / f dgdf slxNo} la;{g g;lsg] 3fp cfTd;dk{0f u5{g\ . ;f+:s[lts :t/ 3]/fdf d[To' x'g' if8\oGq g} ePsf] lbO/x\of] . /fli6«o k~rfotdf k~rfot kIfw/x¿ hlt;'s} ePklg
cd]l/sfdf h:tf] hftLo lje]b / 5f]8/] uPklg Tolta]nfsf] ;ª\3if{af6 gp7]sfx¿ hgcfGbf]ngdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ pxf“n] JoQm ug'e{ of] . g]dlskfsf Ps} ;b:on] klg k~rx¿n] u/]sf hglj/f]wL sfo{sf]
x]nfxf]rf] g]kfndf klg cg'ej ug]x{ ¿ w]/} s'/f l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] hLjg alnbfg ug{] ;lxbx¿ ;d]tn] g]dlskf sfe|]sf cWoIf e08fkmf]/ uy]{ . g]dlskfn] :yfgLob]lv /fli6«o :t/;Dd efu lnPsf]
ePsf] atfpg'xb“' } ;/sf/L sd{rf/L atfpg'eof] . hLjg v]/ kmfn]sf] 7fG5g\ .Æ s[i0fs'df/ j}Bsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] dfq xf]Og cGo kf6L{x¿nfO{ ;d]t lgjf{rgdf efu lnP/ hgtfsf]
/ ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] g]kfnL efiffsf] pxf“ n ] lxhf] b' M v lbg] g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf pQm sfo{qmddf g]dlskfsf j}slNks ;]jf ug'k{ g]{ af6f] b]vfOlbof] . g]dlskfsf hgk|ltlglwx¿n] eQmk'/
cltl/Qm g]kfndf af]lng] csf]{ Pp6f k~rx¿ g} cfh sfª\u;]| , Pdfn] / ;lrj Pjd\ k|ltlglw;ef ;b:o k|d] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gf/fo0faxfb'/ b'jfn, gu/ k~rfotaf6 k|sflzt x'g] dfl;s ‘k~rfot’df dfS;{, n]lgg,
efiff klg l;Sg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . dfcf]jfbL eP/ zf;gsf] j/k/ 3'Db} ;'jfnn] kf6L{sf] sfe|] lhNnf ;ldltsf] csf{ j} s lNks s] G b| L o ;b:o :tflng / dfcf]sf hLjgLx¿, dfS;{jfbL ;flxTox¿ k|sflzt uy]{ .
æTo;f] ubf{ ;/sf/L u/]sf] b]Vbf k|hftGq / u0ftGq cfof]hgfdf ePsf] @)$% ;fn ebf} s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfª, lzlIfsf ;Ltf To;}n] k~rx¿ g]dlskfsf hgk|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ‘/ftf k~rx¿’
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ hgtfn] ;xh} hgtfsf] lglDt cfOg;s]sf] cg'ej ( ut] k~rfotL /fHo:t/åf/f k|hfklt, 8f=xl/k|;fb dfgGw/, lq/Tg cyf{t\ k~rsf] cfj/0fdf cfPsf qmflGtsf/Lx¿ eGg] uy]{ .
:jLsfg]5 { g\Æ, pxf“n] eGg'eof] . x'g] atfpg'eof] . kf6L{lj?4 /lrPsf] if8\oGq ‘eQmk'/ dfgGw/, nIdL/fd Gx'5]k|wfg, lgjf{rgdf p7\g] x/]s sfo{stf{ ;fj{hlgs x'g] ePsf]n]
cWoIf lah' S 5] “ n ] ;] g f, g] d lskf eQmk' / lhNnf sf08’ sf] j]lagf/dfk{mt lj/f]w Pjd\ cf]dk|;fb dfgGw/ / tf/f Gof}kfg]n] k~rx¿nfO{ ‘lrGg’ ;lhnf] x'GYof] . To;}n] lgjf{rgdf efu lng]
sd{ r f/L, u' K tr/ ljefu / ;ldltsf ;b:o gf/fo0faxfb'/ eT;gf{ sfo{qmddf pQm egfO klg af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . ;fyLx¿ h]ndf hfg tof/ eP/ a:g'kYof]{ . h]n /fhg}lts sfo{stf{sf]
;'/IffsdL{nfO{ ljleGg /fhgLlts b'jfnn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] ;dodf /fVg'ePsf] xf] . sf7df8f} “ csf]{ 3/ eGg] ;f]Rg'kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . h]n hfg' s'g} klg /fhg}lts
ljrf/wf/faf/] lzlIft agfpg] e"ldut hLjgsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'xb“' } ;lrj ;' j fnn] :ki6 æ@)$% ebf} ( ut] k~rfotL sfo{stf{sf] lglDt ;fdfGo ljifo lyof] .
sfdnfO{ rfn' /fVg'kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'xb“' } ;ª\s6sf] a]nfdf g} zq' / ldqsf] kfg'e{ of]– æg]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg /fHo:t/af6 /lrPsf] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ /fhgLlt ;/n af6f] xf]Og . OlGhlgo/ / cfls{6S] 6n] sf]/s ] f]
pgLx¿ zf;s bnsf] rfs8Ldf dfq klxrfg x'g] atfpg'eof] . kf6L{ JolQmxTofdf ljZjf; ub}g{ . k~rfotL if8\oGq xf] . ‘eQmk'/ gS;fcg';f/ cufl8 a9\g] ljifo klg xf]Og . /fhgLltdf ljleGg
xf]Og, ;+ljwfg / P]g – sfg'gcg';f/ g]kfn qmflGtsf/L dlxnf dfS;{jfb JolQmxTof xf]Og . kf6L{sf sf08’ s} sf/0f k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] vfnsf if8\oGq, hfnem]n / 5nsk6 x'g] u5{g\ . k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n]
hgtfsf] ;]jfdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;ª\3sf sfo{stf{ zf]efnIdL uf];fO{n] cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5“] -/f]lxt_ cGTo ePsf] xf] .Æ /Rg] ;a} if8\oGqx¿ ;kmn klg x'b“ g} g\ . To:t} /fHo:t/af6 /lrPsf]
nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . k~rfot ;/sf/n] h]ndf k/]sfnfO{ nufot g] t f–sfo{ s tfx¿nfO{ pQm ljrf/ kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo t/ c;kmn Ps if8\oGq xf] — ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ .
g]kfn qmflGtsf/L dlxnf zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s tgfj lbPh:t} x\of]hd" fk{mt ‘e"sDk kLl8t’ nfO{ ;b:o ;'lgn k|hfkltn] g]dlskf k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] @)$% ;fnsf] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ u/]/ sf=
;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf cg'/fwf aflx/ /x]sf kl/jf/nfO{ klg slxNo} s'kg ljt/0f u/fOPsf] ljifo yfxf sf7df8f} “ lhNnf ;ldltsf] /f]lxt;“u} g]dlskfsf] ljrf/nfO{ ;dfKt kfg{ vf]h] . t/, ltgLx¿
yfkfdu/n] g]dlskfn] n]lggjfbL la;{g g;lsg] dfgl;s rf]6 lbPsf] 5}g . k~rfotL u'08fx¿n] g} cfof]hgfdf d·naf/ ePsf] ‘eQmk'/ ;kmn ePgg\ . JolQm d5{, ljrf/nfO{ s;}n] rfx]/ klg ;dfKt kfg{
l;4fGtcg';f/ k~rfotL r'gfjsf] atfpg'eof] . x\of]hn" fO{ ;fª\3flts xdnf u/]sf sf08’ sf] eT;{gf sfo{qmddf JoQm ;Sb}g . k~rx¿n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ df Pp6f uf]nLn] b'Oj{ 6f lzsf/
pkof]u u/L hgtfsf] ;]jf u/]sf],] sfo{qmddf ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ / c:ktfn k'¥ofPsf t/ pkrf/ ug'e{ Psf] xf] . ug{ vf]h] – klxnf], s0f{ x\of]hs " f] xTof ug'{ . pgL klxn] g]dlskfs}
e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w u/]sf], ef/tLo sf e'Qmef]uL gf/fo0fb]jL ;'jfnn] gu/L xTof u/]sf x'g\ . k~rfotn] pxf“n] hgtfsf /fhgLlts sfo{stf{ lyP . bf];f| ,] x\of]hs " f] xTofdf g]dlskfsf g]tf sfo{stf{nfO{
lj:tf/jfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] g]dlskf ;d"n gi6 xf];\ egL sfdgf x\of]hn" fO{ ‘anLsf] af]sf’ agfO{ xfd|f] bnlj?4 k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] ug{] km;fpg' . g]dlskfnfO{ bafP/ cGo k~rfotlj/f]wLnfO{ klg t;f{pg'
lj/f]w u/]sf] l/;df k~rx¿n] ug]{ dflg; / /fhgLlts bnsf] kf6L{lj?4 b]zel/ bdg u/]sf] xf] . ljleGgvfn] if8\oGqsf] lj?4 sfg'gL k~rx¿sf] leqL p2]Zo lyof] .
g]dlskfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug{ ‘eQmk'/ clxn] klg s'g} sdL gePsf] o;sf/0f ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ k~rfotL / u} / sfg' g L ;ª\ 3 if{ ug' { k g] { To; sf08df sf= /f]lxtnufot ^& hgf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿nfO{
sf08’sf] if8\ o Gq /r] s f] atfpg'eof] . /fHo:t/sf] if8\oGq g} xf] .Æ cfjZostf cf}N“ ofpg'eof] . Hofg d'2f rnfOof] . d'ns ' L P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !# -s_
atfpg'eof] . csf{ e'Qmef]uL /fh]Zj/L k~rfotsf hfnL jl/i7 jlsn, /fhgLlt1, bf];f| k] 6s ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ df k|of]u eof] . klxnf]k6s /fd/fhf
pxf“n] cf}krfl/s lzIff k|hfkltn] ;ª\3if{ g} hgtfsf] km6fxfx¿n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] dfgj clwsf/jfbLx¿n] k~rfotL l;+xn] l;+xb/af/, cGgk"0f{ xf]6nnufotsf 7fp“df ad k8\sfPkl5
gePsf dlxnfx¿n] k| l ts" n kf7zfnf ePsf]n] Tolta]nfsf] if8\oGqnuQ} ebf} ( ut] /flt g} af“sL k[i7 !@ df af“sL k[i7 !! df
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JolQmjfbn] ;of}“ vt/gfs
;fdflhs /f]ux¿
b]zsf] eljio laufg]{ g]sf, To;kl5 g]skf ¤
pTkGg u5{ . JolQmjfb k|HHjn
;dfhjfbsf] s7f]/ zq' xf] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] eljio laufg]{ sf] – ;/sf/df g] s kfsf] gLlt g] s f, /fhkf, 9fsyf]k ug{ cd]l/sL clwsf/Lx¿n] ‘lrlgof“
qmflGtsf/Ln] To;nfO{ cGTo sf] x'g\ < o;sf] 5nkmn / ax; lsg ;'? /fk|kfeGbf km/s 5}g . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf efO/;’ / ‘pxfg efO/;’ egL rLglj?4
gug]{ < o;sf] ;f]emf] hjfkm ;/sf/df uPsf g]skfnfO{ ‘efOsfª\u]|;’ klg elgG5 . g]sf, ljZjnfO{ pS;fPsf lyP . rLgn] oL ;a}
xf] lr ldGx ug{k} 5{ . kf6L{ / ltgsf g]tfx¿ g} x'g\ . /fhkf, /fk|kfx¿ ‘g]skf’ nfO{ v08g ug]{ qmddf em" 6 sf] v08g ub} { sf] l e8–!( efO/;
-leotgfdL hgg]tf_ g]kfnL sfª\u]|;sf g]tfx¿ cfkm"nfO{ n]V5g\ / eG5g\– ædfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb / /f]syfd ug{ ;kmntf k|fKt u¥of] . cd]l/sf,
vf“6L k|hftGqjfbL bfjL u5{g\ . lj;+ @))& dfcf]jfbeGbf 7"nf] JolQmsf] :jtGqtf / cfk;L a|flhn, ef/tnufot k'“hLjfbL /fhgLlts
;fnb]lv g]kfnL sfª\u;|] n] ;Qf/f]x0f u/]sf] efOrf/f xf] .Æ kf}8]nn] klg o;nfO{ cfkm\gf] g]t[Tj ePsf b]zdf sf]le8–!( ;ª\qmd0f
;DkfbsLo xf] . lj;+ @)!% ;fnsf] cfdr'gfjdf g]sfn]
b'Ol{ txfO dt k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] t/ ;/sf/
n]vdf bf]xf]¥ofPsf 5g\ .
k'h“ Ljfbn] ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTo u¥of] t/
/f]syfddf ;kmntf ldn]sf] 5}g . g]kfndf
klg efOsfª\u;|] ‘g]skf’ sf] ;/sf/ sf]le8–
l6sfpg ;s]g . tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb|n] lj;+ @–# ;o jif{sf] k'h“ Ljfbdf dhb'/ju{dfly yk !( /f]syfddf ;kmn ePg . clxn] sf7df8f}“

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zf]if0f / bdg eof] . ‘k'h“ Ljfbsf] pTyfg, ljsf;
/ ktgsf] lgod’ sf] ¿kdf dfS;{jfbsf] hGd
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ju{;ª\3if{ x'G5 . o;sf/0f, dfS;{jfbn] ju{ljxLg
pkTosfd} ;d'bfodf ;ª\qmd0f km}ln“bf] 5 .
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cfOtaf/ Ps lbgdf &* xhf/ &*! ef/tLo

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nfdf] ;do ;Qfsf] afu8f]/ ;dfPsf] xf] .
g]sfleq k6s – k6s ;efklt bfjL ug]{
/fdrGb| kf}8]n klg x'g\ . pgn] oxL ebf}
cfbz{ ;dfh l;h{gf u5{ . dfS;{jfb g}
dfgjtfjfb xf] . dfS;{jfb / JolQmsf] :jtGqtf
tyf cfk;L efOrf/f leGg xf]Og . o; cy{df
kf} 8 ] n n] dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf; qmd /
hgtf ;ª\ q mldt eP . 8] 9 dlxgfcl3
cd] l /sfdf &* xhf/ @(( eGbf a9L
;ª\qmldt ePsf lyP . g]sfsf] ;/sf/n]
ef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldf aGb u/]g, clxn]sf]
g]kfndf s]xL k|rf/dfWod / s]xL JolQmx¿ ‘o'jf g]tT[ j’
x'gk' g{] af/] a/f]a/ rrf{ u5{g\ . o;df s]xL dg;fo b]lvG5 – Ps, !) ut] ‘sflGtk'/’ b}lgssf] ‘ljZj ;Eotf dfS;{jfbsf] uxg cWoog ug'{ cfjZos 5 . g]skf ;/sf/n] klg u/]g . o;sf/0f, g]sf
lx“8b\ } 5, kfOnf d]6b\ } 5’ n]vdf u'gf;f] u/]– ;fdGtjfbsf] cGTo / u0ftGqsf] 3f]if0ff / g]skf bfh'efO g} x'g\ .
jt{dfg g]tT[ j c;Ifd, cof]Uo / ;do ;fGble{s ePg ¤ bf];f| ,] æg]kfn / g]kfnLsf] eljio s:tf] / s'g g} hgtGq xf]Og . g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{df ;+ljwfg;efsf] a]nf hflt, gZn, efiff,
jt{dfg g]tT[ jeGbf cfpg] gof“ cyjf o'jf g]tT[ j tLg j6} b[li6sf]0fn] af6f]af6 cufl8 a9fpg] egL 5nkmn, ax; g t g]sf ;dfhjfbL / k|hftGqjfbL xf], g If]qsf] cfwf/df /fHo k'gM ;+/rgf ug]{ k|:tfj
pko'Qm / of]Uo 5 / t];f| ,] gof“ g]tT[ j j}rfl/s¿kn] o'u ;'xfp“bf] / / rrf{ lsg ;'? gug]{ <Æ g] s kf sDo' l g:6 xf] . g] s kfsf] Jojxf/ g]sf, Pdfn], Pdfcf]jfbL, h;kf, /fk|kfs} xf] .
;fGble{s x'g]5 . kf}8n] lj;+ @)$^ ;fnotf pkk|d / cf} “ N ofp“ b } kf} 8 ] n n] csf] { u' g f;f] u/] – ;Dk"0f{ dw]; Ps k|bz ] agfpg] k|:tfjdf oL
dflysf cg'dfg / egfOnfO{ ;flat ug{ xfdL P]ltxfl;s k6s – k6s dGqL ePsf x'g\ t/ g]kfn / æk~rfotsfndf hltklg :jtGqtfsf] kx/]bf/ kf6L{sf] dw];sf ;a} ;f+;bx¿ Ps b]lvPsf
k[i7e"lddf hfg' cfjZos 5 . a]nfotL k'h “ LjfbL qmflGt x'ge' Gbf g]kfnLsf] eljio s:tf] / s'g af6f]af6 cufl8 aGg g;s]sf] g]skf ljsf; ah]6 sfo{stf{sf] w]/} 36gf 5g\ . blnt, d'l:nd, dw];L
a9fpg] egL 5nkmn, ax; / rrf{ ug'k{ g]{ k]jf agfpg]dfq u5{ .Æ o;sf] hjfkm klg df]rf{h:tf hflt / If]qsf] cfwf/df kf6L{leq
klxn] qmfdj]nnfO{ s;n] g]tT[ jdf Nofof] < s] pgnfO{ s'g} bnsf] l:yltdf ev{ / k' u ] . kf} 8 ] n g] s fleq :ki6 5 – lj;+= @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gotf ;·7g agfpg] klg oL kf6L{x¿ g} x'g\ .
s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt jf ;Dd]ngn] NofPsf] lyof] < ‘;dfhjfb’ sf] klg ax; u5{g\ . tL ;a} g]sfn] To:t} u/]sf] xf], efOsfª\u;|] ‘g]skf’ n] kf}8n] n] g]sfleq klg o:tf df]rf{ sfod u/]sf
cd]l/sL :jtGqtf cfGbf]ngdf hfh{ jfl;·6gnfO{ o'jf ;Dem]/ ‘xfjf’ ePsf] k'li6 eof] . g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] ug{] sfd klg To:t} x'g' :jfefljs 5 . lyP . kf}8]nsf] kf6L{ g]sfleq dfgjLo
s] pgsf] kf6L{sf Ho]i7 g]tfx¿n] d'lQm;ª\3if{sf] g]tT[ j k|bfg u/]sf eljio sf]g{ g;s]sf g]sf / ltgsf g]tfx¿sf] cd]l/sfdf sfnf hfltsf hh{ km\nf]o8 :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] k|Tofe"lt 5}g eg]
lyP < cf}lrTo g} ;lsPsf] xf] / < x'g t kf}8n] jf / g]kfndf ?s'dsf blnt gj/fh ljssf] xTof efOsfª\u;]| g]skfleq dfgjLo :jtGqtf /
k|mfG;]nL /fHo qmflGtsf Hofsf]ljG;, lh/f]]lG8; / cGo g]sfsf] ;dfhjfb cd]l/sf / o'/f]ksf] h:tf] k|;· hf]8s ] f kf}8n] n] To:tf] s'g} 36gf pNn]v ;dfgtf vf]h/] sxf“ kfOG5 < clVtof/nfO{
af3 / afv|fnfO{ Pp6} vf]/df y'Gg] xf] . s]xL gu/L rLg, pQ/ sf]l/of / ?;sf] /fHo;Qf g} O;f/fdf sfd ug{ ;'?af6} afWo kfg{] g]sf
Snax¿nfO{ gof“ k':tf / o'jf g]tT[ j eg]/ s] Ho]i7 g]tfx¿n] lhDd]jf/L lbgcl3 ;dfrf/ dfWoddf kf}8n] sf] ;DklQ lje]bsf/L atfP . pQ/ sf]l/ofsf] cf}krfl/s ;/sf/ xf] . g]sfsf dGqLx¿ g} e|i6frf/df
lbPsf lyP < !$ ca{ ¿k}of“ s;/L k'Uof] eGg] k|Zg;d]t gfd ‘k|hftflGqs hgu0ftGq sf]l/of’ xf] . k/]sf x'g\ . o;sf/0f, of] b]zsf] a]ltly ;'?
To:t} hd{gLsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ng / kl5 sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] p7]sf] lyof] . kGw|–aL; jif{cl3 g]sfsf g]tf k6s – k6s dGqL eO;s]sf kf}8n] n] g]kfnsf] ug]{ ;/sf/ g]sfs} xf] . To;df kf}8]nsf]
:yfkgf ug{ s] k'/fgf g]tfx¿n] dfS;{ / P“uN] ;nfO{ o'jf eg]/ g]tT[ j z]/axfb'/ b]pjfsf] 5f]/fn] a'af -b]pjf_ n] s"6gLlts ;DaGw ePsf] ldq b]zsf] cf}krfl/s klg k|z:t bf]if e]l6G5 . g]sfsf] unt af6f]
;'Dk]sf lyP < ‘gof“ /fOg ;dfrf/’ k|sfzgsf] lglDt s'g} k'/fgf] sfo{stf{nfO{ k};f lbP/ xftdf lng] atfPsf] gfd ;Daf]wg gu/L o; cufl8 klg ‘pQ/ ;dfpg] Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL klg bf]ifL g} x'g\ .
g]tT[ jn] dfS;{–P“uN] ;nfO{ lgo'lQm jf dgf]lgt u/]sf] lyof] < ;+;f/df ;dfrf/ dfWoddfkm{t ;fj{hlgs ePsf] sf]l/of’ egL ;+;b\df ;d]t af]n]sf lyP . ljZj ;Eotf cufl8 g} a9\5 . o;nfO{
lyof] . g]sfsf] ;dfhjfb o:t} xf] . clxn] sf]le8–!( efO/;sf] k'vf{ utjif{sf] aa{/tftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg vf]Hg]x¿ If0fe/d}
dhb'/ju{sf] /fHo;Qf jf ;dfhjfb :yfkgf ug]{ / To;kl5 ju{ljxLg g]skfsf] ;dfhjfb klg p:t} 5 . cfly{s ;]K6]Da/df cd]l/sfsf] xjfO{ 6fk'df b]vfk/]sf] ;dfKt x'g5 ] g\ . ef/tsf] lxGb' kmf;LjfbL df]bL
/ /fHoljxLg ;fDojfbL ;dfh;Dd dfgj hfltnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] ;dfgtfljgfsf] k|hftGq e"m6 xf] . lyof] . To;a] n f cd] l /sL clwsf/Lx¿n] ;/sf/ / cd]l/sfsf] hfltjfbL Pjd\ kmf;LjfbL
p2]Zo /fv]/ ljZj sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf] ‘sDo'lg:6 3f]if0ffkq’ clxn] g]sf, /fhkf, /fk|kfh:tf kf6L{x¿ ;fdfGo ?3fvf]sL egL j]jf:tf u/]sf lyP . 6«Dk ;/sf/sf] cfo' nfdf] 5}g . g]kfndf
k|sflzt ubf{ dfS;{ / P“uN] ; #) / @* jif{sf lyP . ;Qf;Lg g]skf -Pdfn] +dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{ utjif{sf] cS6f]a/sf] dWodf rLgsf] pxfgdf klg @%) jif{otf a9]sf] v; cxª\sf/jfbL
?;L qmflGtsf] lglDt gof“ ljrf/ lbg] klqsf ‘lkmlnª\uf]’ ‘sDo'lg:6’ egL lj/f]w u5{g\ . xf] ‘g]skf’ ePsf] v]ns"bdf efu lng uPsf cd]l/sLx¿n] ;/sf/sf] klg cfo' nfdf] x'g]5}g .
-O:qmf_ sf] k|sfzg ubf{ n]lggsf] pd]/ #) jif{sf] lyof] eg] ‘;ª\3if{’ gfdsf] ‘sDo'lg:6/’ xf] t/ sfdsf] xf]Og . rLgdf of] efO/; km}nfPsf lyP . of] oyfy{nfO{ @)&& ebf} !%
eGg] cvaf/ k|sflzt ubf{ :tflngsf] pd]/ @! jif{sf] lyof] . kf7s :tDe
lkm8]n Sof:6«fn] ] So'jfnfO{ ;+/f cd]l/sL ;dy{s ;Qfaf6 d'Qm
u/L ;dfhjfbsf] hu xfNbf pgsf] pd]/ ## jif{sf] lyof] eg] r]
Uj]ef/fsf] pd]/ #! jif{sf] lyof] . af]lnleofdf ‘r]sf] 8fo/L’ ljkIfLn]
sAhf ubf{ / pgsf] xTof x'b“ f pgsf] pd]/ #( jif{sf] lyof] .
z'qm df}sf gkfP;Ddsf Odfgbf/x¿ ¤
k' “ h Ljfbsf] 5fof e| i 6frf/ ;/sf/L ;DklQ JolQmsf] xftdf clVtof/ eG5, ædlGqkl/ifb\n] ;+ z f] w g ug{ ;+ ; b\ s f] bf] ; | f ]
jt{ d fg g] k fnsf] ;Gbe{ d f pTkfbgsf ;fwgdfly ;'Dkbf clws n]gb]g ePsf] 5 . u/]sf lg0f{odf 5fglag ug]{ xfd|f] clwj]zg -@)&%_ df ljw]os
hgcfGbf]ngkl5 k|f| Kt k|hftGq / u0ftGqkl5sf zf;s bnsf JolQmsf] k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg' o;df ;/sf/ k|d'vb]lv dGqL, clwsf/ If]qleq kb}{g .Æ k]z eof] . ljw]osdf j+zhsf]
g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿df b]zsf] d'Vo ;d:of xn ug{] geO{ g]tT[ jdf k' “ h Ljfb xf] . k' “ h Ljfbdf ;lrj, kbflwsf/L / dflyNnf g]dlskf e|i6frf/lj/f]wL kf6L{ gful/s x'g cfdf jf a'af Ps
a:g] b[li6sf]0f knfPsf] 5 . x/]s ;fn af9L–klx/f]af6 b'Mv x'g] b]z, k'“hLkltju{sf] xftdf cy{tGq sd{rf/L;Dd lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . g] d lskfsf cu| h x¿n] j+zhsf] g]kfnL gful/s x'gk' g]{
s[lif / pBf]u pTkfbg Wj:t ePsf] b]z, k|jl] zsf pQL0f{ gx'b“ } ljb]z /x]sf] x'G5 . ;/sf/n] agfpg] @)$^ ;fnsf] @)!( ;fnb]lv g} e|i6frf/sf] pNn]v 5 . of] k|fjwfgn] nfvf}“
x/]s P]g sfg'g k'h“ Lkltju{sf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 e|i6frf/sf bh{gf}“ lj/f]wdf cfGbf]ng rnfPsf lyP . ljb]zL efGhf–efGhLx¿n] j+zhsf]
hfg] /x/ af]Sg]sf] b]z, /fd|f] hLp jf alni7 o'jf a]nfotL / ef/tLo sf08x¿ aflx/ cfP . t/, tTsfnLg eQmk'/ gu/ k~rfotdf gful/stf kfpg] ePsfn]
lxtdf x' G 5 . To;} n ] eGg]
;]gfdf hfg] b]z xf] g]kfn . klZrd g]kfnsf sfd u/Lvfg] pd]/sf Psfwafx] s s;} n fO{ sf/afxL ePsf e|i6frf/sf] e08fkmf]/ u/L g]dlskfn] ;'?b]lv g} lj/f]w
ul/G5, k' “ h LjfbL ;/sf/
emG8} PsltxfO ef/tdf ‘b/jfg, s'NnL / lkpg’ x'g,] v'nf ;Ldfaf6 k'h“ Lkltju{sf] ;~rfns ;ldlt ul/Pg . o;f] x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f hgtfnfO{ lj/f] w df p7fPsf] hgfof] . o;cl3 @)^# df
ck/fw, gSsnL dn, ld;fj6 vfBj:t' cfoft x'g,] 5f]/Lx¿ ef/t / xf] . k'“hLjfbn] Jofks sfdbf/ /fHo;+ o Gqdf k' U g] ;a} s f] Oltxf; 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf gful/stf P]g agfp“bf hGdsf]
cGo b]zsf j]Zofnodf a]lrg] h:tf cgluGtL ;d:of 5g\ . t/, hgtfsf] lxt gug]{ ePsf]n] sfn{ ldlneut g} xf] . pvfg g} 5, ePsf] e| i 6frf/sf] lj/f] w df cfwf/df gful/stf lbg gx'g]
vf]O t ;/sf/df uPsf gof“ g]tT[ j jf dGqLx¿n] ;d:of ;dfwfg dfS;{n] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] ‘sfn] sfn] ldn]/ vfp“m efn] ¤’ @)@%–@^ ;fndf eQmk'/df 7"n} kIfdf g]dlskfsf] Ps dtdfq
ug{ ;s]sf] < cfjZostf cf}N“ ofpg'ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ;+;b\df cfGbf]ng ePsf] lyof] . e|i6frf/L k/]sf] lyof] . ;f] k|fjwfgn] ;f7L
d'v kmf]//] } eGg] xf] eg], t'ngfTds¿kn] ;'hftf sf]O/fnf / ljZjsf w] / } b] z df k' u ] s f] g] k fn dhb' / ls;fg d+un]rfnfO{ ls;fgs} 5f]/f egL nfv ef/tLon] g]kfnL gful/stf
k'h “ Ljfbdf cfwfl/t cy{tGq 5 . kf6L{afx]s ;a} /fhg}lts kf6L{x¿ g] d lskfsf sfo{ s tf{ x ¿n] kfPsf] tYof° ;fj{hlgs eof] .
k|sfz sf]O/fnfs} kfnfdf cg]s kf;kf]6,{ ;'8fg 3f]6fnfh:tf sf08x¿
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] ;Qfdf k'u] . o;aLr g]dlskfnfO{ 5f8]gg\ . /fk;df lht]/ uPsf b]znfO{ lkmhLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v
eP, /fdrGb| kf}8n] / lbn]Gb| a8" t'ngfTds¿kn] To;a]nf o'jf klg ;Qfdf hfg cg'/f]w ePsf] s0f{ x\of]h" k~rfotL ;/sf/sf] u/fpg] o:tf] sfg'g lgdf{0f ug{
k| : tfjgfdf ;dfhjfbpGd' v
lyP– ltnf7L / nfnf–k§Ldf ef/tn] g]kfnsf] v]t–v]tdf gof“ ;Ldf n]lvPklg cfh;Ddsf ;/sf/n] ;'lgPs} xf] . t/, ‘kmf]x/ kfgLdf cfly{s n]gb]gdf km;]kl5 kf6L{af6 g]dlskfafx]ssf ;a} 7"nf–;fgf
:tDex¿ uf8]/ b]z ldRbf ;efd'v s] x]//] a;] < To;a]nf Toxf“sf] k' “ h LjfbL cy{ ahf/nfO{ g' x fP/ rf] v f] eOGg’ lgsflnP . tTsfnLg bn Ps eP . g]dlskfsf] of]
k|dv ' lhNnf clwsf/L klZrd g]kfnsf Ps r6f}t lyP, lbn]Gb| a8" cª\ u fn] s f 5g\ . g] k fnsf] eGg] g] d lskfsf] :ki6 gLlt k|ltlglw;efsf ;b:ox¿ ljgf]b b"/bzL{ sbdsf] k|z;+ f ug'k{ g]d{ f
klZrdaf6 g]tf eO{ cfPsf x'g\ . pgn] slxNo} lnlDkofw'/f, sfnfkfgL cfly{s ljsf;sf] nflu l5d]sL b] z eQm hgtfnfO{ yfxf 5 . zfxL, eQmaxfb'/ /f]sfof cfly{s o'j/fh uf}tdn] ‘;a} bn Ps} x'g’\
/ lnk'ns ] af/] ;bgdf / dGqL x'b“ f cfjZos sbd rfn]sf] aflx/ b] z x¿n] agfOlbPsf pBf] u k'h
“ LjfbL Joj:yfdf kb / k};fsf] n]gb]gs} sf/0f sf/afxLdf k/]sf eGg' cNk1fg xf] . -gful/s
cfPg . sfª\u;]| L o'jf g]tf uR5]bf/, v8\sf, z]/axfb'/ cfkm}n] klg snsf/vfgf;d] t 3f6fsf] nflu cfly{s n]gb]g x'g] ePsf]n] x'g\ . kf6L{sf x/]s sfo{stf{n] b}lgs, !@ ebf}, @)&&_ ;fy},
e|i6frf/sf cg]s sf08eGbf s] sfd b]vfP < Pdfn]+Pdfcf]jfbL axfgfdf Pskl5 csf] { u/L e| i 6frf/ 5fofhlQs} x' G 5 . cfly{s g}ltstf u'dfPkl5 sf/afxL ;f] l eot ;dfhjfbsf] /Ifs
lghLs/0f ug'{ o;sf] pbfx/0f e|i6frf/sf] 5fglag ug]{ lgsfo ef]Ug'k5{ . ;/sf/n] ug]{ k|To]s :tflngsf] ljifodf ;d]t ;f] n]vdf
-g]skf_ sf o'jf g]tfx¿ 3gZofd e';fn, of]uz ] e§/fO{, efg'eQm clVtof/ b' ? kof] u cg' ; Gwfg e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w ;bg / ;8sdf kmf;LjfbL zf;s lx6n/;“ u
xf] . of] sfdsf] yfngL g]kfnL
9sfnx¿n] abgfdLafx]s s] sdfP < ;'?df w]/k} 6s dGqL ag]sf sfª\u]|;n] u¥of] eg] k5\ofpg] cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;/sf/s} ug]{ kf6L{ g]dlskf xf] . of] Oltxf; :tflngsf] t'ngf u/] . k'h“ LjfbL
x[boz lqkf7Ln] ;':tf glhs eP/ klg c¿sf] sfg aGg'afx]s s] sfd Pdfn] / dfcf] j fbLn] l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm x'g] ub{5g\ . hfg]ae' m]sf s]xL a'l4hLjL eG5g\, ;f]r / ljrf/n] u|l;t To:tf
u/] < ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿df ;efg]tx[ ¿ g} o'jf eP/ s] eof] < cg'ej ul//x] s f 5g\ . pBf] u x¿ cfkm"nfO{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf JolQmnfO{ æ;a} pxL 8\ofªsf] d'nf ¤ t/, a'l4hLjLx¿n] ;fj{ef}ldstf /Iff
/ hfgsf/L gePsf o'jf / dlxnfx¿nfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ sfd lb“bf c1fgtf lghLs/0f ubf{ 3f6fdf uPsf] g} e|i6frf/ 5fglag u/L h]ndf g]dlskf xf]Og ¤Æ / e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]wdf hlt;'s}
/ cg'ejxLgtfsf] sf/0f y/Ly/Lsf bnfn / ljrf}lnofsf v]nf}gf axfgfafhL ul/of] . pBf]udf sf]Rg cK7of/f] x'g] eP/} xf]nf gful/stfsf] ;jfndf snd rnfP klg ‘df} s f
ag]sf] s'/fsf] ;fIfL ;f/f g]kfnL 5g\ . c¿sf] xfxfdf nfUg'eGbf ePsf] e| i 6frf/sf] 5fglag 5fglagsf] gf6s /lrG5 . t/, g] d lskf gkfP;Ddsf Odfgbf/’ eg]df
cfkm\gf] l:ylt cfsng ug'{ plrt xf]nf ¤ gu/L sld;g vfgs} nflu pGd' l Qm lbg] sfd eO/xG5 . gful/stf P]g @)^# nfO{ km/s gknf{ ¤
!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020)
ljrf/ #

lhNnfsf ;a} gu/kflnsfsf nflu PsLs[t cfO;f]n;] gsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5

-eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf k|dv
' ;'lgn k|hfklt;“u gf]an
] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/L /f]syfddf
eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] kl5Nnf] cj:yfdf u/]sf ultljlwx¿af/] ‘>lds’ ;fKtflxs / ædhb'/’ b}lgsn] lnPsf] cGtjf{tf{ k|:t't 5 – ;+=_
sf7df8f}“ pkTosfnufot eQmk'/ lhNnfdf lnO{ ;fy / ;xof]u ub}{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . d[To' ePsf ljj/0f;lxt b}lgs x'g] dfOlsªn]
kl5Nnf lbgx¿df sf] l e8–!( sf] l e8–!( ;ª\ q md0f /f] s yfdsf] nflu hgtfnfO{ yk ;r]t kfg]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . of] ;“u}
;ª\ q mldtx¿sf] ;ª\ V of a9\ b f] 5 . xfn eQmk'/ k|j]z ug]{ gfsfdf ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf 6f]n6f]ndf ls6gf;s cf}ifwL -Snf]l/g_ 5g]{ sfd
eQmk' / gkfdf sf] l e8–!( sf] ;ª\ q md0fsf] s'/f klg p7]sf] lyof] lg ¤ lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf] 5 eg] 6f]n—6f]ndf /x]sf ;fa'g
cj:yf s] s:tf] /x]sf] 5 < xf], sf]le8sf] ;ª\qmd0f a9\b} uPkl5 aflx/af6 kfgLsf] Joj:yfn] xft w'g] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb“b}
olta]nf sf]le8–!( sf] ;ª\qmd0f b]ze/ eQmk'/ gu/ k|jz ] ug]{ gfsfx¿df sd{rf/L v6fP/ cfPsf] 5 .
e';sf] cfuf]em}“ km}ln/x]sf] 5 . lbgsf] xhf/eGbf nut ;°ng ug]{ sfo{ ul/of] . gu/ k|jz ] ug]{ !# sf]le8–!( z°f nfu]sf jf :jf:Yo;“u
a9Ldf ;ª\qmd0fsf] k'l:6 x'b“ } 5 eg] 3gf a:tL ePsf] j6f k|dv ' gfsfx¿df lnOPsf] nutn] eQmk'/df ;DalGwt s' g } ;d:of b] l vPsf la/fdLx¿sf]
sf7df8f}“ pkTosf ;ª\qmd0fsf] s]Gb| alg/x]sf] 5 . /fd]5fk, afun'ª, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, sfe|], nflu eQmk' / gkfn] s;/L ;] j f k| b fg ub} {
zlgaf/;Dddf pkTosfdf dfq $ xhf/ (&% hgfdf cf]vn9'ªu\ f, bf]nvf, ;nf{xL, /f}tx6, l;/fxf, k;f{, cfO/x]sf] 5 <
;ª\ q md0f k' l i6 eO;s] s f] 5 . gu/kflnsfsf x'Dnf / ef/taf6 ;d]t /f]huf/L / :jf:Yo hf“rsf] sf] l e8sf] z°f nfu] s f jf c¿ s' g }
hgk|ltlglwx¿ cf—cfkm\gf] If]qleq a;f]af; ug]{ qmddf b}lgs ;of}s “ f] ;ª\Vofdf cfpg] u/]sf] b]vfof] . :jf:Yo;“u ;DalGwt ;d:of b]lvPdf tTsfn ;]jf
hgtfdf ;ª\qmd0f gkm}lnof];\ egL ;ts{tfk"js { sfd ;Ldf gfsf s8f ub}{ nfg] qmddf sltkonfO{ lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] u/L @ hgf 8fS6/x¿ 8f= afns[i0f
ul//x]sf 5g\ . ljkb\sf] avt hlt;'s} sfd u/]klg klg k7fOPsf] 5 . ;ª\ q md0f /f] S g aflx/sf rf“u'ef/L / 8f= ljj]s af]o\h"nfO{ k/fdz{ ;]jfsf]
Tof] kof{Kt x'b“ g} . To;}n] hgtfsf] ;]jfdf cxf]/fq dflg;x¿sf] k"/} cfjthfjt /f]Sg] k|of;sf] ¿kdf nflu tf]lsPsf] 5 . c:ktfndf tTsfn k'Ug ;d:of
vl6/x]sf hgk|ltlglwx¿ g} cfnf]rgfsf] kfq klg Tof] sfd ;'? ul/Psf] xf] . lgif]wf1f hf/L u/]kl5 kg]{ la/fdLx¿nfO{ of] ;]jfn] 7"nf] d2t ldn]sf]
;'lgn k|hfklt, k|dv
'
alg/x]sf 5g\ . Tof] ;d:of b]lvPg . gu/jf;Lx¿sf] egfO 5 . To;sf ;fy} hg:jf:Yo
eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] gu/leqsf sf]le8 sf7df8f}“ pkTosfdf rNg] 5f]6f] b'/Lsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] Odh]{G;L ;]jf / cf]kL8L ;]jfnfO{ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] ljkb\ Joj:yfkg
;ª\qmldtx¿sf] nflu Sjf/]lG6gsf] Joj:yfkg ;jf/L;fwg cfjfudg klg aGb ug{ ] lg0f{ o lg/Gt/tf lb“b} cfPsf] 5 . ;ldltn] dxfdf/L /f] s yfdsf] nflu s:tf]
s] s;/L ub}{ cfPsf] 5 < ug'{eof] lg xf]Og < eQmk' / gu/kflnsfn] cfkm\ g f] 5' § } e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 < o;df ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6
g] k fn ;/sf/n] ljb] z df a;] s f eQmk'/af6 pkTosfleq ;of}s “ f uf8Lx¿ rNg] cfO;f]n];g jf8{sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 jf 5}g s] s:tf] ;xof]u kfp“b} cfpg'ePsf] 5 <
gful/sx¿nfO{ g]kfn kmsf{pg] lg0f{o u/]kl5 eQmk'/ u5{g\ . lgif]wf1f hf/L ug'c{ l3 gu/kflnsfn] ?6 < cfO;f]n];g :yfkgfsf] nflu s] s:tf] kxn ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL Psn clwsf/ ;+ljwfgn]
kms{g rfxg] gful/sx¿nfO{ cgnfOg kmf/fd eg{ g+= !, & / ( sf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx¿;“u a}7s ul//xg' e Psf] 5 < :yfgLo txnfO{ lbPsf] 5 eg] Tof] ;femf clwsf/ ;"rLdf
;"rgf hf/L u¥of] . ;of}s “ f] ;ª\Vofdf g]kfn kms{g u/L ;Dk"0f{ uf8L /f]Sg] lg0f{o u¥of] . Ps 7fp“sf clxn] ; Dd eQmk' / gu/kflnsfn] 5' § } klg ;dfj]z 5 . clwsf+z :yfgLo txx¿n] ljkb\
rfxg] gful/sx¿n] kmf/fd e/] . To;sf] cfwf/df hgtf csf]{ 7fp“df cfjthfjt ugf{n] ;ª\qmd0f a9\g] cfO;f]n];gsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5}g . lhNnfsf ;a} Joj:yfkg P]g agfO{ sfof{Gjog ul//x]sf 5g\ . sf]le8–
gu/kflnsfn] xf]6n Sjf/]lG6g, 3/ Sjf/]lG6g / ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ of] lg0f{o ul/Psf] xf] . gu/kflnsfsf nflu PsLs[t cfO;f]n];gsf] Joj:yf !( klg ljkb\ g} xf] t/ ;/sf/n] o;nfO{ k|sf]k Joj:yfkg
gu/kflnsfsf] 5'66\ } Sjf/]lG6gsf] Joj:yf u¥of] . aGb ljBfnox¿af/] eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] ul/Psf] 5 . vl/kf6Ll:yt ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] eg]sf] 5 . h] xf];\ clxn] km}ln“b} uPsf] sf]le8sf] ;ª\qmd0f
clxn];Dd xf]6ndf ## hgf, gkfsf] Sjf/]lG6gdf s] ;f]r]sf] 5 < tflnd s] G b| d f @ ;o zo\ o fsf] cfO;f] n ] ; g lgoGq0f s'g} Ps txn] ;Dej x'g] b]lv“bg} . o;y{,
$) hgf / 3/ Sjf/]lG6gdf ## hgf u/L !)^ hgf ;/sf/L sfof{no, ljBfno, sn]hx¿ labf 5'§ofOPsf] 5 eg] eQmk'/ c:ktfnnfO{ sf]le8 ;Dk"0f{¿kn] lgoGq0f ug{ ;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo tLg}
Sjf/]lG6gdf al;;s]sf 5g\ eg] ljb]zaf6 cfpg] 3f]if0ff gu/]sf] cj:yfdf lgif]wf1f nfu' ug'{ cufl8 c:ktfndf ?kfGt/0f u/L Toxf“ nIf0f b]lvPsf !% txsf] ;dGjofTds e"ldsf ckl/xfo{ 5 . ;dGjoljgf
qmd;“u} of] ;ª\Vof a9\b} hfg]5 . o;sf] nflu gu/kflnsfn] k7g ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ / gb]lvPsf !) u/L @% zo\ofsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] cf—cfkm\gf] tl/sfn] sfd u/]sf] v08df ;ª\qmd0f
gu/kflnsfn] xf]lN8ª ;]G6/, Sjf/]lG6g / ;Dk"0f{ ljBfnodf lzIfsx¿sf nflu kf7\ o k' : ts;“ u 5 . eQmk'/ c:ktfn k|fb]lzs c:ktfn ePsf]n] lgoGq0faflx/ hfg] vt/f a9\b} hfg] ;Defjgf 5 .
/]vb]v ugf{sf nflu ( hgf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yf klg ;DalGwt lstfa tyf ;flxTox¿ cWoog ug]{ / kL;Lcf/ k/LIf0fsf] d]l;g Joj:yfkgsf] nflu a]nd} f o;af/] Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfjZos 5 .
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . To;af/] 5nkmn ug]{, lzIfsx¿nfO{ ljBfnoaf6} k|b]zsf] :jf:YodGqL;“u 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5 . ;ª\qmldtx¿k|lt ;dfhn] g/fd|f] Jojxf/
;f+ : s[ l ts Pjd\ P] l txfl;s gu/ eQmk' / sf] k| l jlwsf] k| l zIf0f lbg] / cleefjsx¿nfO{ pxf“n] l5§} g} d]l;g eQmk'/ c:ktfndf h8fg ul/ u/]sf] eGg] u'gf;f]k|lt oxf“ s] eGg'x'G5 <
ljleGg ;dodf dgfOg] oxf“sf rf8kj{x¿af/] sf]/f]gf;DaGwL hgr]tgf km}nfpg ;Gb]zx¿ k7fpg lbg] cfZjf;g lbg'ePsf] 5 . ljleGg 7fp“df sf]/f]gf ;ª\qmldt :jf:YosdL{ /
eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] s;/L hgtfnfO{ cg'/f]w tyf ljBfno sn]h jl/kl/ ;/;kmfO ug{ lgb]z { g sf]le8–!( ;ª\qmd0f ePsf JolQmx¿sf] cGo ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ g/fd|f] Jojxf/ u/]sf ;dfrf/x¿
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 < lbof] . To;/L g} gu/kflnsfåf/f ;~rflnt sG6\ o fs 6« ] l ;ª sltsf] k| e fjsf/L¿kdf xfdLn] klg k9]sf 5f}“ . of] /fd|f] s'/f xf]Og . :jf:YosdL{x¿
eQmk'/ ;f+:s[lts gu/ xf] . oxf“ x/]s dlxgf sn]hx¿df cgnfOg sIff ;~rfng tyf k/LIff;d]t eO/x]sf] 5 < la/fdLsf] ;]jfdf lg/Gt/ vl6O/xg'ePsf] 5 . xfdL la/fdL
s' g } g s' g } rf8kj{ x ¿ eO{ g} /xG5g\ . cgnfOgaf6} lnOof] . o;n] lgif]wf1faLr klg eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfleq xfn;Dd %) hgfeGbf ePdf hfg] 7fp“ eg]s} c:ktfn xf] . pxf“x¿n] sfd
gu/kflnsfn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿l;t 5nkmn u/L sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] k9fOn] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x]sf] a9L ;ª\qmldtx¿ eO;s]sf 5g\ eg] ltgsf] ;Dks{df ug'e{ Pg eg] la/fdLsf] pkrf/ s;n] u5{ < pxf“x¿nfO{
la:sf hfqf, ufO{hfqf, dftftLy{ cf}“;L, uf]s0f{ cf}“;L, 5 . cfPsf # ;oeGbf a9Lsf] ;ª\Vofdf sG6\ofs 6«l] ;ªsf] ljleGg sf/0faf6 ;ª\qmd0f x'g;S5 . :jf:YosdL{x¿
b]jfnL k"hfh:tf rf8kj{x¿nfO{ cf}krfl/stfdf dfq} ns8fpgsf] ;dodf ;j{ ; fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . clxn];Dd ;'?df kf]lhl6e sf/f]gflj?4 klxnf] kª\lQmdf a;]/ n8\g] n8fs"x¿ x'gx' G' 5 .
;Lldt ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] eg] k~rbfg, u'“nf kj{, 3/d} a:g / dflg;sf] eL8ef8 x' g glbg b]lvPsf kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox¿d} kf]lhl6e b]lvPsf pxf“x¿nfO{ t emg\ ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ . To;/L g} c¿
oGofFk' G xLh:tf kj{ x ¿ :ylut u¥of] . ;a} gu/kflnsfn] ;r]tgf ultljlw s;/L cufl8 5g\ . kL;Lcf/ k/LIf0fsf] l/kf]6{ l9nf] cfPsf sf/0f gful/sx¿ klg cfkm"n] rfx]/ sf]xL ;ª\qmldt x'g] xf]Og .
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿l;t 5nkmn u/]/ lg0f{o lng] u/]sf] a9fO/x]sf] 5 < sltko ;ª\qmldtx¿n] c¿nfO{ ;fg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf pxf“x¿sf] dgf]an a9fpg] sfd ;a}af6 x'gk' 5{ .
sf/0f gu/kflnsfsf x/]s lg0f{osf] k|efjsf/L x/]s lbg kmf]x/ ;°ng;“u} sf]le8–!( af/] w]/} 5 . o;y{, g]kfn ;/sf/n] g} ;a} 7fp“df cfjZos hgk|ltlglw, sd{rf/L / ;a} 5/—l5d]sn] klg
sfof{ G jog ePsf] 5 . gu/jf;Lx¿n] ] ;r]tgfsf ;Gb]zx¿ 6f]n—6f]ndf u'l~h/x]sf hgzlQm;lxt kL;Lcf/ k/LIf0f d]l;gsf] Joj:yf ;ª\qmldtx¿nfO{ cf—cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 ;xof]u u/f}“ / sf]le8–
gu/kflnsfsf x/]s lg0f{onfO{ ;sf/fTds¿kdf x'G5g\ . g]kfn / g]kfnaflx/ ePsf ;ª\qmldt tyf ug{ l9nfO ug'{x'Gg . !( nfO{ ;d'bfodf dxfdf/Lsf] ¿kdf km}ng gb]cf}“ ¤

lj;+ @)$% sf] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’

sf] lj/f]w tyf eT;{gf sfo{qmd of] jif{
h'd a}7s / cGo pkfo ckgfO{ ;DkGg
ul/P . sfo{qmd ce}m rfn' 5g\ . lhNnf–
æeQmk'/ sf08Æ / o'jfsf s]xL lh1f;f ;xeflutf cfhsf] rf;f]sf] ljifo xf] .
;ª\ 3 if{ s f tLg df] r f{
g] k fn dhb' / ls;fg kf6L{ s f]
Oltxf;df @)$% ebf} ( sf] 36gf /
lhNnfsf va/x¿ cfpg] qmd klg hf/L oz/fh To;kl5sf] k~rfotL bdgn] csNkgLo
g} 5 . tL sfo{qmddf ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] k|bz{gL, v'nf ;ef, e]nf, cGt/lqmof, kmnbfoL ePsf] cg'ej ul/of] . e'Qmef]uL, ls < klxnfeGbf ;dfhdf nf]eLkfkLsf] sDkg Nofof] eGg' ;fob clto'lQm gxf]nf
qmddf lu/Çtf/ x'g'ePsf / e"ldut uf]i7L cfof]hgf ul/Gy] . ebf} ( s} kLl8t / ;ª\3if{df k|ToIf xf]ldPsfx¿sf ;ª\Vof al9;Sof], Tof] g} b'Mvsf] sf/0f ¤ sf/0f, kf6L{ x]8Sjf6{/dfly xdnf rNb}
x'ge' Psf g]tf–sfo{stf{x¿n] cf–cfkm\gf ;]/f]km]/f]df To; sf08;“u ;DalGwt ljrf/n] k~rfotL Joj:yf / k|ltlqmofjfbL aGnf ls < klxnfh:t} 7"nf–7"nf ljåfgn] lyof] . cWoIf sf= /f]lxt :jod\ kqmfp
cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . k|x/Låf/f lbOPsf] k':ts, a'nl] 6g, ljz]iff° cflb k|sfzg ju{sf] s'¿k t:jL/ pbf·f] kf/]sf] w]/n} ] s] ca klg cfkt\ljkt\df ;fy b]nfg\ < kg'{eof] . hgtfåf/f lgjf{lrtx¿nfO{
qm"/ oftgfaf/] ;hLj 9·df atfpg'eof] . klg ul/P . sf08df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] dx;'; u/] . if8\oGq s] xf] / if8\oGq klxnf t k~rfot ;a}sf] ;femf zq' lyof] lu/Çtf/ u/L kf6L{sf] hg;Dks{sf] h/f]
si6k" 0 f{ e" l dut hLjg / ljåfg, dfgj clwsf/sdL{ , kqsf/, s;/L x'G5 eGg]af/] oyfy{ pbfx/0f;lxt / cGo /fhgLlts bnn] ;ª\3if{df ;fy sf6\g] / /fHo;“usf] ;+jfbsf] ;Defjgf
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿;“u ePsf ;ª\3if{af/] jlsnx¿k|lt ljutdf wGojfb 1fkg atfOgfn] gof“ k':tfsf lglDt lzIffk|b lbP, clxn] kl/l:ylt leGg eO;s]sf]n] g} cGTo ug]{ sfd eO;s]sf] lyof] .
j0f{ g ug' { e of] . kLl8t kl/jf/sf ;df/f]xx¿ klg eP . ag]sf] klg ;f“rf] xf] . k|ljlw–d}qL sfo{qmd g]dlskfnfO{ clxn]sf] kl/j]zdf ;fy k~rfotsf] Gjf/fgb]lvsf] an g]dlskfsf]
;b:ox¿n] cg' e jsf k[ i 7x¿ of] jif{ sf]le8 dxfdf/Lsf sf/0f x'gfn] gof“ k':tfn] ;d]t cle¿lrk"js { b]nfg\ < cflb –cflb ;jfn o'jf, ljBfyL{af6 bdgdf vr{ x'“b} lyof] . k~rfot bf];|f]
kN6fpg'eof] . hgtfsf zq'x¿n] lbPsf sfo{qmdx¿ a]Un} 9·df ;DkGg ul/P . ;xeflutf hgfPsf] ] of ltgLx¿nfO{ ;'lgP . ljBfyL{x¿ eGb} lyP – Toltv]/ /ht hoGtLsf] dxf–pT;j dgfpg]
dfgl;s oftgf, ljleGg lsl;dsf 3/–3/d} a;L cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] pkof]u cfslif{t t'NofPsf] c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsGg . k|c, lzIfsx¿nfO{ g} 5fgL – 5fgL lsg dgl:yltdf k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . lblUjho
xdnfaf/] dfld{s syf–Joyf ;'gfpg'eof] . u/L ebf} ( sf] sfnf] lbgsf] eT;{gf ;DkGg gof“ k' : tfsf s] x L lh1f;f ;dfltof] < lzIfs, k| c h:tf k|fKt u/]em}“ k~rfotL ;fdGtjfbLx¿
Zj]t cftª\ssf] t:jL/ ;a};fd' /fVg'eof] . ul/Psf] of] g} klxnf]k6s xf] . ljut sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL gof“ k':tfsf a'emSs8x¿n] g} lsg af]nL km]/] < lsg pT;j dgfp“b} lyP . d08n]x¿sf] v';Lsf]
sltn] k~rfotL lg/ª\sz ' tf / To;sf] #)–#! jif{df of] vfnsf] c;fdfGo pT;'s ljBfyL{–o'jfx¿af6 pd]/cg';f/sf ;ª\3if{sf] d}bfg Tofu] < ls;fg, dlxnf, s'g} ;Ldf /x]g . d08n] /fh ;'? eof] .
cGToaf/] ljZn]if0f ug'{eof] . if8\oGqsf kl/l:ylt slxNo} cfPsf] lyPg . w]/}n] s]xL lh1f;f cleJoQm x'g' cGoyf dfGg o'jf, ljBfyL{n] eg] ;fxl;s¿kdf ;ª\3if{ g] d lskfn] eg] tLg df] r f{ a f6
gfnLa]nLaf/] 5nkmn ug'e{ of] . ;fy}, To; cjZo gf}nf] cg'ej u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;lsGg“ . xfd|f a'af–cfdf, xh'/a'af– u/] lg < Toltv]/sf] dlxnf cu|;/tfsf] k~rfotlj¿4 ;ª\3if{ ;'¿ u¥of] M h]nleq,
sf08df cGofodf k/]sf hgtfsf] kIf ;fdflhs ;~hfn, l6eLdfkm{ t klg xh'/cfdfx¿nfO{ Toltv]/ g]kfnL efiff t'ngfdf clxn]sf] sdhf]/ 5 ls ;an < h]naflx/ of hg:t/ / s]xL ;dokZrft\
lng] ljåfg, kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/sdL{, k|;f/0f ul/gfn] yk Jofkstf kfPsf] af]Ng gcfpg'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] < g]kfnL s'g s'g If]qdf ;an aGof] < k|ljlwsf] ef/t k|jf;af6 . g]dlskfn] g ;ª\3if{
sfg'gj]Qfx¿k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ul/of] . cg'ej ul/of] . xhf/f}“ xhf/ >f]tf of efiff gcfPs}n] b'Mv kfpg'ePsf] / w]/} ljsf; eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df To; 36gfaf/] yfNg cndn u¥of] g t ljnDa g} u¥of] .
tLg bzskZrft\ klg ;xof]uLx¿k|lt bz{sn] 3/d} a;L sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf x]kfO ;xg'k/]sf] xf] < g]kfnL efiff ghfg]/ j[Qlrq lgdf{0f u/]/ e|dnfO{ lrg]{ sfo{ h] n leq k| h ftGqsf] kIfdf,
;Ddfg JoQm ug'{ / cg'ul| xt x'g' pRr hgfpg kfpg' n fO{ ;sf/fTds g} b'Mv kfPsf] olb xf] eg] ax'bnkl5 ePklg ug{ gof“ k':tfnfO{ lsg xf}:ofOPg < oL lg/ª\ s ' z tGqlj¿4 cfjfh p7fpg
;+:s[ltsf] Bf]ts xf] eGg] rrf{ klg rNof] . dfGg' k 5{ . ljutdf To; sf08af/] l;sfpg] r]i6f eof] ls ePg < clxn] c:jfefljs gnfUg] k|Zgsf] lrQa'em\bf] yfNof] . k~rfotL k|zf;gsf] lgd{d oftgf
of] jif{ s f] sfo{ q mdaf/] yfxf;d]t gkfPsf, e|d kfn]/ a;]sf, To:tf] if8\oGq eof] eg] xfdL;“u s] lrh hjfkm lbP/ gof“ k':tfnfO{ xf};nf lbg', ;x“b} ljrf/, l;4fGt, Gofosf lglDt
g]dlskfn] #!–#@ jif{bl] v ebf} ( Jo:ttfsf sf/0f To; sf08af/] ulx/fOdf geP/ b'Mv kfp“5f}“ xf]nf < cª\uh]| L efiffdf dfu{lgb]z{ ug'{ lgZro klg cu|h k':tfsf] lg/Gt/ ;ª\ 3 if{ cufl8 a9fof] .
sf] sfnf] lbgnfO{ x/]s jif{ lg/Gt/ :d/0f k'u]/ a'em\g gkfPsf, lh1f;' lszf]/– sdhf]/ eP/ b'Mv kfp“5f}“ ls < 7fp“ lhDd]jf/L xf] . o'jf k':tfsf] /fhgLlts h]nleqaf6 /fhgLlts Pstfsf] ;Gb]z
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ljutsf jif{df h'n'; lszf]/L cflbsf lglDt sfo{qmd cem a9L glrg]/eGbf klg dfG5] glrg]/ b'Mv kfp“5f}“ r]tgf, ;ª\3if{zLntf, ;fdflhs ultljlwdf af“sL k[i7 ( df
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afª\uf] l6ª\uf] af6f]df lx“8\5 . if8\oGqx¿af6 lng'kg]{ lzIffaf/]

dlxnf Psh'6 eP
/fhgLlt u'nfkmsf] cf]5o\ fg xf]Og,
vf]nfsf] au/df lx“8g\ ' xf], t/af/sf]
wf/df lx“8\g' xf] .Æ Tolta]nf
yk rrf{ cfjZos 5 . ljBdfg
k'h
'“ LjfbL Joj:yfsf] km/s wf/df
lx“8g\ ' gbLsf] ljkl/t wf/df lx“8g\ '
/fhgLlts sfo{stf{x¿n] jf:tjd} hlQs} xf] . xfd| f ] pRr / sfo{ s tf{ ;d] t nfO{ k~r sof}“ dlxnf 3fOt] eP . PstkmL{
vf]nfsf] au/df lx“8] . cToGt ;+jb] gzLntf, xf]lzof/L tyf tof/L ;/sf/n] lu/km\tf/ u/L eQmk'/df ;h{ldgsf] lj¿4df dlxnfx¿n]
sl7g ;do ;fdgf u/] . cem a9L cfjZos 5 . ;Gqf;sf] jftf/0f km}nfof] . xg' d fg3f6b] l v uf] N d9L x' “ b }
tTsfnLg ;dodf tTsfnLg ;dodf eQmk' / sf 6f] n 6f] n df /fdem'k8L;Dd lj/f]w k|bz{g ub}{
g]dlskflj?4 k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] dlxnfx¿n] lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsf k~rfotL ;dy{sx¿sf] cTofrf/ lj/f]w;ef klg u/] .
k|wfgdGqLb]lv dxfk~rx¿;Dd a]hf]8sf] lyof] . P]ltxfl;s dlxnf b]lvof] eg] ;of}“ lgbf]{if dflg; /fHo:t/af6 /lrPsf]
;[hgf ;}h
“ ," ;+of]hs, hgtfsf g] t f sfo{ s tf{ d fly h'n';, dzfn h''n';, ;h{ldgdf lagfsf/0f kqmfp k/] . s} o f} “ if8\oGqsf] lj/f]wdf dlxnfx¿n]
g]qmfd;ª\3, kmf;Lsf] dfu ub}{ ;8sdf pqg' ul/Psf] wf“wnLlj?4sf] cfjfhsf lgbf]{if ljBfyL{sf] k9fO 5'6\of] . k6s–k6s df}g h'n';, d;fn
eQmk'/ lhNnf ;ldlt ;+;f/s} lgldQ cgf}7f] 36gf sf/0f ;Tosf] ljhosf] lbg slt sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ hfuL/af6 h'n;' lgsfNg'sf ;fy} ;efx¿ klg
lyof] . nf;dfly k~rn] u/]sf] glhlsPsf] lyof] . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ lgsflnof] . b}lgs sfddf uO{ k]6 u/] . o; 36gfaf6 xfdLn] hlt
ju{zq'lj?4 86]/ n8]sf] /fhgLlt lgs[i6 vfnsf] lyof] . sf] 36gfqmdsf] ¿k/]vfaf/] vf]h kfNg' k g] { hgtfsf] hghLjg b'Mv / lk8f ef]Ug' k¥of] Tolt g}
ulj{ { n f] Oltxf; 5, xfd| f ] . t/, Tof] /fhgLlt p;}sf lglDt cg';Gwfg u/L ;TotYo phfu/ sdnd}of“ ;'jfn, pkfWoIf,
ju{zq';u“ lsdfy{ gem'sL ljhoL k|To"Tkfbs aGof] . ug'x{ g' ] jl/i7 clwjQmf, sfg'gljb\, etfe'· kfl/of] . czQm, Ho]i7 xfdLnfO{ b/f] / ;ª\ul7t agfof] .
g]qmfd;ª\3, s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt gful/s, afnaRrf / dlxnfx¿ o;n] ubf{ zq'sf] cufl8 x6]/
ag]sf] Oltxf;, xfd|f] . k~rfotL Hofg df/]sf] em"6f d'2fdf kqsf/, dfgj clwsf/sdL{x¿,
/fHo:t/n] if8\oGqk"js { g]dlskfsf] ^& hgf kqmfp kg'{ePsf] lyof] . a'l4hLjLx¿nfO{ klg cfh xfdL ;xf/fljxLg eP . dlxnfx¿n] s'g} xf]Og 86]/ n8\g] abnfsf] efjgf
t]hf]aw ug{ /r]sf] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sltn] si6k" 0 f{ h] n hLjg :d/0f u5f}“{ . To; ;xof]usf lglDt @)$% ebf} ( ut] eQmk'/ sfddf aflx/ lg:s“bf d08n]x¿sf] hfu[ t eof] . ;ª\ u l7t¿kdf
cyf{t\ efb| ( -sfnf] lbg_ ToxL ef]Ug'eof], slt e"ldut x'ge' of], pxf“x¿k|lt pRr ;Ddfg JoQm sf08sf] qmddf ePsf cTofrf/nfO{ ceb| Jojxf/ / cgfjZos 8/ dlxnfx¿ cufl8 a9\ g d2t
ju{ ; ª\ 3 if{ s f] Pp6f l;nl;nf sltn] k|jf;af6 ;ª\3if{ ug{'eof] . u5f{}“ . ;lDem“ b f cfh klg dlxnfx¿ qf; ;xg' k ¥of] . lagfk' h L{ ldNof] . r' n f] – rf} s f] d f l;ldt
lyof] . e"ldut /xL kf6L{sf] sfd ug{ ;xh gof“ k':tfn] ls t k9]/ ls cfqmf]l] zt x'G5g\ . zf]lift kLl8t k|x/Lx¿n] /ftL 3/sf] 9f]sf kmf]8L dlxnfx¿ tTsfnLg hfnL
b]z / sfdbf/ hgtfsf] lyPg . eQmk'/ aGbLu[xdf kl/0ft ;'g]/ ljut yfxf kfPsf x'g\ . hgtfsf] lglDt ;ª\3if{ ub},{ b]z / vfgtnf;sf] gfddf 3/df ePsf d' 2 flj¿4 ;8sdf pq] .
lgM:jfy{ ;] j f ug] { ljrf/ / eof] . oftgf u[x aGof] . xfd|f gn]lvPsf cg'ej ;'Gg af“sL 5 . hgtfk|lt ;dlk{t /x]sf] g]kfn ;fdfg n} h fg] / nfg gx' g ] sf7df8f} “ ; Dd k' u ] / jlsn,
l;4fGtlj?4 k~rfotL cu|hx¿sf] z/L/df ahfl/Psf] n]lvg h?/L 5 . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ tTsfnLg ;fdfgx¿ tf]8kmf]8 u/] . k|x/Lsf] kqsf/nufot a'l4hLjLx¿aLrdf
;fdGtjfbLx¿sf] k|xf/ lyof], Tof] . a'6, af“;, n¶Lsf 8fdx¿ cem} jf:tljstf plhNofpg] xfd| f k~rfotL ;/sf/sf] lglDt kmnfd] cTofrf/n] hgtf 3/df ;'Tg cfkm\gf] ;d:of /fVg cu|;/ eP .
g]kfnsf] ls;fg cfGbf]ng tyf lgn} 5g\, lsnfsf 3fpx¿ el/Psf] k|sflzt k':tsx¿ cfpg] k':tfsf Ro"/f ;flat ePsf] lbg g} ebf} ( ;Sb}gy] . kmn:j¿k hfnL d' 2 flj¿4
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ Ift\ljIft\ 5}g, s/]G6sf em6\sfx¿ tfh} lglDt klg Oltxf; a'em\ g] dxŒjk"0f{ ut] xf] . ;f] e mf, l;wf hgtfdfly pxf“x¿af6 klg ;lqmo ;xof]u
agfpg] s'lT;t clek|fon] ul/Psf] 5g\ . em"6 gaf]ns] } sf/0f, kf6L{kl| t b:tfj]h x'g\ . @)$% ;fn ebf} % ut] ePsf] cTofrf/lj¿4 dlxnfx¿ ldNof] . pxf“x¿sf] ;xof]uk|lt
xdnf lyof] , Tof] . ;Rrf Odfgbf/ ePs} sf/0f lgd{d oftgf @)$% ;fndf uPsf] b'Oj{ 6f uPsf] e"sDkn] eQmk'/df w]/} Psh" 6 eP . xfdL dlxnfx¿ cfh klg xfdL s[ t 1 5f} “ .
b]zeQmnfO{ ;dfKt kf/L ljb]zL :jLsf/]sf cu|hx¿sf cg'ejaf6 e"sDkn] xfd|f] uf}/j 9fNg ;s]g, hgwgsf] Iflt ePsf] lyof] . cfkm\gf] 3/sf] ;'/Iffsf] lglDt dlxgf}“ hgcfGbf]ngn] k~rfotL Joj:yf
zlQmsf] bnfnL ug] { x ¿sf] pmhf{ a6'Ng h?/L 5 . xfd|f] cf:yf eTsfpg ;s]g . ;Rrf e"sDksf] ljkQLsf] df}sf 5f]kL lbg;Dd /flt 3/aflx/ cfuf] afn]/ ;dfKt eO{ ax'bn k'gM :yfkgf
xflnd'xfnL sfod ug{ /lrPsf] xfs'k6f;L nufpg] ls;fg / Odfgbf/ kf6L{ sfo{stf{x¿sf] k~rfotL ;/sf/n] Pshgf hfu} a:of}“ . /fHo cftª\saf6 eof] . @)$& j}zfv % ut] ax'bn
if8\oGq lyof], Tof] . dlxnfx¿dfly ul/Psf] b'Jo{jxf/, ljZjf; 8udufPg . ljrf/ / JolQmnfO{ ‘alnsf] af]sf]’ agfO{ b'Mvdf k/]sf kLl8t dlxnfx¿ ;/sf/n] hfnL d' 2 f vf/] h
cfh klg To:t} if8\oGq ltgn] ef]us ] f dfgl;s tgfjsf] l;4fGtdf lr/f k/] g . a? To;sf] nf;dfly /fhgLlt u¥of], Pscfk;df glhs eP/ ;xof]uL ul/lbof] .
gbf]xf]l/Pnf eGg ;Sg] l:ylt 5}g . n]vfhf]vf g} 5}g . cToGt k|lts"n k~rfotL Joj:yf cfk}m 9Nof], g] d lskfnfO{ ;d" n gi6 ug] { ag]sf] If0f ce"tk"j{ lyof] . b]zsf] jt{dfg l:yltsf]
ax'bn k'gM :yfkgfkl5 tL k~rx¿ kl/l:yltsf] ;fdgf ug]{ / ;ª\3if{sf] cfo{3f6 k'Uof] . hgtfn] ax'bnLo if8\ o Gq u¥of] . tTsfnLg /fHosf] tkm{af6 @)$% d"Nofª\sg ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfn
clwsf+z sfª\u;]| k;], Pdfn] l5/] . d}bfgdf pqg] sf= zf]efx¿sf] k|hftGq kfP . cfh klg g]dlskf k|wfgdGqL dl/rdfg l;+xnufot c;f]h ! ut] zlgaf/ Pstlkm{ dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{lj¿4 cem}
clxn] g]skfleq k~rx¿ 5g\, cg'ej gof“ k':tfsf lglDt pmhf{sf] hgtfsf] k| h ftGqsf lglDt /fli6«o k~rfotsf cWoIf gj/fh ;h{ldg eof] . jf:tljs 36gf klg To:tf 36gf jf if8\oGq
k~rfotL dfgl;stfsf sDo'lg:6 slxNo} g;'Sg] ;|ft] xf] . cg'ejsf ;ª\3if{/t 5 . xfd|f] ju{;ª\3if{
d's'G8f]wf/Lx¿ 5g\ / tL gof“ s]xL k[i7x¿ cfh o; sfo{qmddf hf/L 5 . ;'jb] L;d]t ‘/f]lxtnfO{ kmf“;L b]’ egL aSg cfO/x]sf lbbL–alxgLx¿nfO{ gbf] x f] l /Pnf eGg ;lsGg .
lsl;dn] abnf lng rfxG5g\ . k|:t't x'g5
] . h:t} kl/l:yltdf klg -‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] eT;{gfdf lgn{Hhtfk"j{s ;8sdf cf]ln{P . k|x/Ln] 3]/f xfn]/ ;h{ldgdf o;sf/0f, xfdLn] ;bf ;r]t /
‘eQmk'/ sf08’ km/s 9ª\un] ljrlnt gagL ckdfgsf] Tof] ut efb| ( ut] g]kfn qmflGtsf/L tTsfnLg g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg ;xefuL x' g lbPg . k| x /Lsf] ;ª\ul7t x'g'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . o:tf
bf]xf]l/g ;Sg]k|lt xfdL ;r]t sfnv08lj?4 pRr cfTdan;lxt dlxnf ;ª\3 kf“rf}“ eQmk'/ lhNnf ;ª\u7gsf >4]o cWoIfnufot cTofrf/n] ;Ldf gf£of] . k|x/Ln] sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ub}{ gof“
x'g}k5{ . n8\g,] ;ª\3if{ ug]{ cu|hx¿nfO{ xfdL ;Dd]ng tof/L ;ldltaf6 cfof]lht ^& hgf g] t f sfo{ s tf{ d fly ;h{ l dgdf efu lng cfPsf k' : tfnfO{ ljutsf] b' M v /
sf=/f] l xt eGg' x ' G 5 – cfh ;lDem/x]sf 5f}“ . k|jrg sfo{qmddf k|:t't dGtJosf] k~rfot ;/sf/n] Hofg d'2f dlxnfx¿dfly nf7L k|xf/ u¥of] . si6x¿af/] atfp“b} zq'x¿k|lt
æ/fhgLlt ;/n /]vfdf lx“8\b}g, cfh ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ h:tf ;f/ – ;+=_ nufof] . ;of}“ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtf 3D;f3D;Ldf k|x/Lsf] nf7L k|xf/n] ;r]t /xg l;sfpg' h¿/L 5 .

sfvdf ^ dlxgfsf] 5f]/f] lyof]– lbg'x'GYof] . k~rfotL bdgsf] k|lt/f]w

ljHj]n . b]z / hgtfsf] Odfgbf/Lk"j{s
;]jfdf nfu]sf cfkm\gf >Ldfg\ -k|]d
;'jfn_ tTsfnLg eQmk'/ gu/ k~rfot
eQmk'/ sf08 M lgbf]i{ fnfO{ bdg / k|lt/f]wsf] Hjfnf ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] Tolta]nf dnfO{ v]tdf
sfd ug]{ hf“u/ klg ePg t/ gu/L
;'v} lyPg .
j8f g+= ( df bf];|f] k6s j8fWoIfdf ql;t / kLl8t j8f g+= ( sf hgtf k|x/Lsf] a'6sf] cfjfh / ?vf] Jojxf/n] lbg laTb} uPkl5 pxf“ e]if abn]/
hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt k]|d ;'jfnnufot 5'df u0f]zsf] ‘Ifdf k"hf’ df lyP . xfdL kLl8t lyof}“ . oL ;a} bdgdf oxf“sf v]tsf] 3/df k'Ug'eof] . Toxf“ a:g' klg
kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x¿sf] cg'xf/ cfkm\gf] >Ldfg\nufot :yfgLo kf6L{sf hfnL km6fxfx¿s} xft /x]sf] yfxf kfof}“ . vt/f b]lvPkl5 km]l/ pxf“ stf hfg'eof]
b]Vg kfOPsf] lyPg . k~rfotL bdg;“u} ;fyLx¿ ToxL ‘Ifdf k'hf’df a:g'ePsf] aflx/ hfnL km6fxf / k~rx¿n] yfx} ePg . 5f]/L ;hgf cln a'e\mg]
:yfgLo hfnL km6fxfx¿sf] b'Jo{jxf/ yfxf kfP“ . x\of]h"nfO{ 3'dfOPsf] af/] yk xNnf rnfP, ænf]Ug] ;dfTg ;lsPg eg] eO;s]sL lyO{ . p;sf] k|Zg clxn] klg
Pskl5 csf]{ ylkPsf] lyof] . k~r / yfxf ePg . >LdtLnfO{ eP klg k|x/Ln] ;dfT5, h]ndf ;DemG5', æafaf lsg 3/df a:g'xG' g <Æ
hfnL km6fxfsf] ckdfg ;x\o lyPg . ef]lnkN6 d]/L cfdf s[i0fb]jL sf]h" nu]/ 5fnf sf9\5 / g'gr's nufp“5 ¤Æ xfd|f] ;+:sf/cg';f/ 5f]/L ;hgfsf]
cfh klg dgdf k|Zg p7\5 – Odfgsf] rf]5]“af6 xfd|f] 3/ Aof;Ldf cfOk'Ug'eof] d cfdfsL PSnL 5f]/L, cfdfnfO{ d]/f] a]nljjfx ug'{kg]{ eof] . /flt glrlgg]
/fhgLlt ug]{x¿dfly ckdfg / b'Jo{jxf/ / eGg'eof], æx\of]h"nfO{ df/]sf] em"6f ;'tf{n] ;tfof] . 6f]nsf xfd|f ;fyLx¿sf] e]ifdf pxf“ 5f]/Lsf] ‘sGofbfg’sf] lgldQ
lsg < dgnfO{ alnof] agfp“y]“ — of] cf/f]k nufO{ kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ;xof]udf xfdL dg b/f] agfP/ zq';u“ 5f] 6 f] ;dosf] nflu a] n ljjfx:yn
sfn/fqL kSs} ;dfKt x' g ] 5 , x/] s lah'S5]“ -/f]lxt_ nufot w]/}nfO{ k|x/Ln] n8\g tof/ eP/ a:of}“ . k'Ug'eof] .
lbgsf] laxfg ;"o{ pbfPh:t} . kqmfp u¥of] . HjfO“sf] va/ s] 5 <Æ 3/ tf]8kmf]8 ul/Psf]n] slxn] kf6L, aL; dlxgf g} lj/f]wL / k~rx¿n]
g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg ;ª\u7g - Tolta]nf pxf“ k|eft dfljdf laxfg slxn] dfOtL t slxn] s;}sf] 3/df xfdL xfd|f] ;'/fsL lnO/x]sf lyP . eQmk'/
xfn kf6L{_ ;“u hf]l8Psf w]/–} w]/n} ] b'Mv k9fpg' klg x' G Yof] . laxfg pxf“ af; a:Yof] . k|x/L bdgsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ sf08sf] a]nf zq' / ldq lrGg d2t
kfPsf lyP . em"6f d'2fdf h]n kg'{ePsf, lgl:s;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . kf6L{sf s]xL gf/fo0fb]jL ;'jfn 6f]n –6f]ndf ;a} lbbLalxgL – bfh'e' fOx¿ ldNof] . Tolta]nf kf6L{s} andf k9\g]
e" l dut x' g ' e Psf, k| x /Lsf] oftgf ;fyLx¿ klg pxf“ s f] va/ a' e m\ g 3/ cufl8 g} ;'Tg] qmd ;'? eof] . zq'sf] n]Vg] cj;/ kfPsfx¿;d]t kf6L{sf]
ef]Ug'ePsf y'k|} g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿ cfpg'eof] . laxfg pxf“ aflx/ hfg' / lyof] . ToxL /flt k|x/L 3/df vfgtnf;L bdgnfO{ k|lt/f]w u/]sf] ;Dem“bf sltv]/ lj/f] w df sfuh u/L zq' s f] ;] j fdf
x' g ' x ' G Yof] . xfdL ;a} s f kl/jf/hg k|x/L cfOk'Ug' Ps–b'O{ ldg]6sf] dfq ug{ cfP . aflx/af6 cfjfh ;'lgof], æk|]d l;/fgL leHYof] kQ} x'GgYof] . km]l/ ;fx;sf nfu] s f] b] l vof] . k~rx¿n] æltd| f ]
/fhgLlt;“u} ;fdflhs / dfgl;s oftgf km/s lyof] . h:tf];'s} k|lts"n l:yltnfO{ ;'jfnsf] 3/ oxL xf] .Æ ;fy dg xn'·f] kfy“]{ . pxf“ -nf]Ug]_ nufot >Ldfg\nfO{ Pp6f ;fgf] x:tfIf/dfq ug'{
ef]Ub} lyof}“ . sfdbf/ju{sf ljz]ifu/L ;fdgf ug]{ b/f] dg agfP/ 3/ a:of}“ . k|x/L 9f]sf kmf]8]/ 3/leq l5/] . kf6L{sf slt g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿ stf eGg" k|x/Ln] vf]Hb}g, o;/L b'Mv lb“b}gÆ
dlxnfx¿ sl7g ;do sf6\b} lyP . efb| !) ut] x\ o f] h " s f] zjofqfdf ;f;" cfdf rGb|dfof / ;;'/f xl/eQm x'g'x'GYof] st}af6 ;"rgf kfOPsf] lyPg . eGg k7fP . o:tf] hfnL s'/f hfnL
sltko lbbL alxgLsf] kL8f ;'Gbf, b]Vbf k~rx¿n] ‘/f]lxtnfO{ kmf“;L b]’ eGg] gf/f ;'jfn v]tsf] 3/df ;'Tg'x'GYof] . b'O{ gGb k| x /L y' g fdf kg' { e Psf g] t f / km6fxf / k~rx¿n] em" 6 f d' 2 fdf
clxn] klg cfqmf]z k}bf x'G5 . Tolta]nf nufPsf] d}n] yfxf kfP“ . o;/L eQmk'/ /fds]z/L, nIdLs]z/Lsf ;fy 5f]/L sfo{stf{x¿;“u klg ;lhnf] e]63f6 x'g km;fOPsf ;a}h;f] kl/jf/hgnfO{ eGg
hfnL km6fxflj?4 ;ª\3if{ eof]] . b]z / sf08nfO{ k~rfotL ;/sf/n] xfd| f ] ;hgf b'O{ 5f]/f ;'lgn / ljHj]n af]sL lbOPg . sl/a # dlxgfkl5 pxf“ st} EofPsf lyP . kf6L{ g]tf, sfo{stf{ /
hgtfsf] ;]jfdf nfu]sf] g]dls;+lj?4 kf6L{lj?4 k|ltzf]wsf] d'2f agfof] . xfdL l:ylt ;fdgf ug{ tof/ eP/ a:of}“ . e"ldut a:g'ePsf] va/ kfP“ . e"ldutd} eQmk'/sf k"/} hgtfdfly bdg eO/x]sf]
k~rfotL ;/sf/ / To;sf dltof/x¿sf] ef]lnkN6 d dfOtL rf]5]“ uP“ . / k|x/Ln] ;f]Wof], æk|d] ;'jfn vf]O <Æ d}n] Pslbg e] 6 eof] . cg' x f/ kx] “ n f] , a]nf zq'sf] u'lnof]df nfUg] xf]Og lg8/
Tolt cdfgjLo k|xf/ x'g] ;f]lrPsf] klg bfO;“u eg]“, æd ot} dfOtL a:5' .Æ yfxf 5}g eg]“ . æltdL >LdtL eP/ yfxf b'AnfPh:tf] s:tf] s:tf] nfUof] ¤ pxf“n] eP/ ;fdgf ug{] c7f]6 u/]“ . cGttM
lyPg . efph"n] eGg'eof], ægfgL k~rx¿ ot} 5}g eGg kfOG5, kSs} yfxf 5, vf]O stf eGg'eof], æzq'sf] s'/f ;'Gg' x'b“ g} , xfdL d'2f vf/]h eof] . t/, ;dfhsf hfnL,
v]tdf v';f{gL l6Kg] a]nf lyof] . b'Mv lbg cfpnfg\ a? 3/d} kms{g" .Æ uof] <Æ, k|x/L s/fP . æcx“, dnfO{ t lgbf]i{ f xf},“ 8/fpg' kb{g} , hfnL km6fxfx¿sf] :jfyL{ / km6fxfx¿n] clxn] klg
@)$% ;fn efb| ( ut] v]tdf v';f{gL efph"sf] jrgn] dgdf clnslt lr;f] yfx} 5}g, stf hfg'eof] s]xL yfxf 5}gÆ, k/fho lglZrt 5 . To;kl5 k~rfotL kf6L{ l j?4 nf~5gf nufpg 5f] 8 ] s f
l6k]/ d 3/ kms{“b} lyP“ . Tolta]nf xfdL k:of] . pxf“sf] /fhgLlts r]tgfcg';f/ d}n] hjfkm kmsf{P“ . k|x/Ln] l5d]sLsf] bdgsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ yk ;fx; a6'n]“ . 5} g g\ . 5nsk6 u/L ;DklQ
Jof;Ldf a:Yof}“ . Aof;L 6f]n gk'Ub} Tof] :jfefljs klg lyof] . zq'sf] ;fdgf 3/df ;d]t ;a}lt/ vf]h] . xfdL ;'t]sf] Tof] lbgkl5 pxf“ stf hfg'eof], stf s'DNofpg]x¿af6 ;f]emf;Lwf hgtf clxn]
sf:g] d f ufO“ u ' O “ ;' l gof] , æe" s Dk ug{] ;fx; lnP/ d Aof;L 3/} kms]{“ . cf]5o\ fg ldnfpg EofPsL lyOg“ . k|x/LnfO{ a:g'eof] s]xL yfxf ePg . klg 7luPsf / kLl8t 5g\ .
kLl8tnfO{ vfBfGg ljt/0fdf wf“wnL d]/L cfdf klg ;“u} a:g cfpg'ePsf] nfUof] pxf“ -nf]Ug]_ ev{/ p7]/ hfg'eof] . k~rfotL bdgsf] k|lt/f]w ug{ -@)&& efb| ( ut] ePsf] eQmk'/
u/]sf x\of]h"nfO{ 3'dfOof] .Æ Tof] ;'g]b]lv lyof] . 3/aflx/sf] kf6Ldf k|x/L b]v]/ pgLx¿ Pscfk;df s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf] kf6L{ s f lbbLalxgLx¿;“ u lgoldt sf08 sfnf] lbgsf] lj/f]w Pjd\ eT;{gf
dgdf cg]s s'/f v]Ng yfNof] – s] s:tf] cfdf /fte/ ;'Tg'ePg . d lbgel/ ;'g]“, æk|]d ;'jfn ev{/ efu]sf] /}5 ¤Æ ;Dks{df a:of}“ . kf6L{sf lbbLalxgLx¿n] sfo{ q mddf JoQm dGtJo / alxgL
36gf 36\of] < Tolta]nf kmf]g / df]afOn otfplt u/]sf] / aRrf ;fgf] ePsf]n] xfdL lgbf]{if xf}“ lsg efUg'k5{, xfdLn] dnfO{ ;/hldgsf]] 36gf, em"6f d'2flj?4 ;'lgtf;“usf] yk s'/fsfgLsf] cfwf/df–
lyPg . kf“r lbgcl3 uPsf] e"sDkaf6 lgbfP“ . lem;ld;] laxfg x'g yfn]sf] g]kfnefiffdf hjfkm kmsf{of}“ . Tolta]nf cfGbf] n gsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L ;+=_
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sfg'g M xfdL ;a}sf] ;/f]sf/ sdLsdhf]/Lsf sf/0fn] dfq} klg

e|i6frf/ a9]sf] eg] kSs} xf]Og .

e|i6frf/sf nflu ;/sf/ ¤ P] g sfg' g t ‘c¿nfO{

lgoGq0f ug]{ ;/sf/sf] xltof/’
dfq} xf] . tL P]g sfg'g s;sf]
lxtdf agfpg] u/] s f] 5 <
cfk\mgfnfO{ 7]Ssf / sld;g, ;Qf /x]sf] pQm k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v JolQmn] To:tf] kb wf/0f u/]sf] :yfgLo ;/sf/ afx]ssf cGo
;/sf/sf] lgot cyf{t\ ;/sf/df
/ lgo'lQm lbgd} w]/} ;do latfO/ ul/Psf] 5 . ldltn] ^) lbgleq / x/]s cfly{s :yfgLo ;/sf/sf
uPsf bnx¿n] s:tf] /fhgLlts
x]sf] 5 . e|i6frf/ a9\g'sf] sf/s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] ^) hgk|ltlglwx¿sf nflu of] sfg'gL
Joj:yf / s;sf] kmfObfsf] nflu
hfkfgsf k|wfgdGqL cf]a]n] tŒjx¿df e|i6frf/LnfO{ sf/afxL lbgleq cfkm\ g f] / cfkm\ g f] Joj:yf ‘dfuL vfg] ef“8f]’, r'gfjL
sfd ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ < eGg] s'/f
cfkmgf] c:j:ytfsf sf/0f gx'g', /fhgLlts ;+/If0f kfpg', kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] vr{ c;'Ng] cj;/ x'g] u/]sf]
/fdk|;fb k|hfklt dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .
/fhLgfdf lbP . g] k fndf eg] r'gfjdf w]/} k};f vr{ ug'{ /x]sf] >f]t jf lg:;f ;lxtsf] ljj/0f kfOG5 .
d'¶Le/sf bnfn 7]s]bf/,
of] ;ftf klg g] k fn k|wfgdGqL cf]nL c:j:y x'“bfx'“b} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k]z ug'{kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf 5 . 7] s ] b f/d} q L sfg' g
t:s/, s/5nL ug]{ Jofkf/Lx¿sf
;/sf/n] lgo'lQm ug{] s]xL kbsf klg k|wfgdGqL kbdf 5g\ . of] t/, cWoog t/, Jojxf/df of] sfg' g L ;f] x L lgod (& sf]
k};f lnP/ zf;s bnx¿n] r'gfj
nflu ljjflbt kfqx¿ r'g]sf] rrf{ klg clxn] Jofks aGb} 5 . k|ltj]bgcg';f/ pQ/bftfx¿dWo] Joj:yfsf] kfngf lgs} lkmtnf] x'g] pklgod ( df pkef]Qmf ;ldlt
lht]sfn], r'gfj lht]kl5 ltg}
ljifon] rrf{ kfof] . :yfgLo ;/sf/df e| i 6frf/ @ k| l tztn] dfq} clVtof/ u/] s f] 5 . o;sf b' O { j6f jf nfeu| f xL ;d' b foaf6
Jofkf/Lsf O;f/fdf tL Jofkf/Lsf
æ;d[ l 4sf] gf/f nfPsf] ‘ufp“ – ufp“df l;+xb/af/’ b' ? kof] u cg' ; Gwfg cfof] u df dxŒjk"0f{ sf/0f 5g\ . ;/sf/L ;~rflnt x'g] lgdf{0f sfo{df
klg ‘;/bf/’ lj:tf/jfbL tyf
cf]nL ;/sf/n] ;DwL Nofof]Æ sf] gf/fn] hgtfsf] ;/sf/ xf]Og, ph'/L ug]{ u/]sf] / af“sL (* sd{rf/Lsf] ;DklQ a9]sf] jf nf]8/, PS;fe]6/, /f]n/, 8f]h/,
;fd|fHojfbLx¿sf] lxtdf sfd ug{
eGg]b]lv cf]nL ;/sf/sf dGqL e|i6frf/Lx¿ ufp“– ufp“ k'u]sf] k| l tztn] clxn] ; Dd ph' / L 36]sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ s'g} k|fjwfg u|]8/ lj6'ldg l8l:6«Ao'6/h:tf
ltgLx¿n] eg] a df] l hdsf] P] g
O{Zj/ kf]v/]nsf] ‘6\ofª\sLdf k};f’ ;a}n] cg'ej ub}}{ 5g\ . gu/]sf] kfOof] . gx'g' / s'g cg'kftdf a9]sf] x]eL d]l;g k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] 5}g
sfg' g agfpg] u/] s fn] g}
;Ddsf] s'/fn] rrf{ kfof] . tfklg clVtof/ b' ? kof] u gLltd} ;d:of ;DklQnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotf lbg] egL ‘rf]/nfO{ rf}tf/L, ;fw'nfO{
e|i6frf/ a9]sf] / Jofks hgtfn]
z'qmaf/ ltg} ;DwL pk]Gb| sf]O/ cg';Gwfg cfof]un] ut @)&^ e| i 6frf/ lgjf/0f P] g eGg] lgod gx' g ' ;fy} ;'nL’ eGg] pvfg h:t} agfOlbPsf]
emg\ emg\ b' M v kfPsf x' g \ .
fnfnfO{ /fli6«o jfl0fHo a}°sf] k'; @* ut] :yfgLo txdf x'g] @)%( sf] bkmf # n] 3'; lng] ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf k|efjsf/L kfOG5 .
k'“hLjfbL b]z g]kfndf e|i6frf/
cWoIfdf lgo'lQm ul/of] . pgsf] e|i6frf/;DaGwL cWoog k|ltj]bg lbg]nfO{ ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf gx' g ' . kf/bzL{ / Odfgbf/Lk"j{s
/f]Sg xf]Og, e|i6frf/ ug{ ;/sf/
of] ;ftf}“ ;/sf/L lgo'lQm /x]5 ¤ k| s flzt u¥of] . k| l tj] b g u/]sf] kfOG5 . h;df Ps s/f]8 To;}u/L ;fj{hlgs vl/b sfd ug] { pkef] Q mf ;ldlt /
u7g x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
Gofofnodf GofofwLz cWoog ubf{ ‘b"wsf] ;fIfL la/fnf]’ ¿k}of“eGbf a9L hlt;'s} ePklg lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] lgod *@ :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ pQm Joj:yf
To;}n] k'“hLjfbL Joj:yf
lgo' l Qm klg k| f oh;f] o:t} eg] e m} “ ;/sf/s} efua08fdf cf7 jif{b]lv bz jif{;Dd s}b x'g] df ;f] e m} jftf{ a f6 @) nfv cK7]/f] 5 eg] sfd gu/L k};f
Jofks hgtf / b] z sf]
ljjflbt aGg] u/]sf] 5 . 1fgsf] lgo'lQm kfPsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] Joj:yf 5 . To;}n] 3'; lng] / ¿k}of“;Ddsf] k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/b vfg] e|i6frf/L tyf 7]Ssfk§fsf
;fj{ef}ldstf /Iffsf] nflu eGbf
s]Gb| ljZjljBfnox¿, /fhb"t, lgb]{zgadf]lhd pQm k|ltj]bg lbg] b'j} kIfnfO{ w]/} /sd 3'; ug{ # j6f k| : tfj eP k' U g] Jofkf/L / ljrf}lnofx¿sf nflu
klg cfkm\gf] ‘dflns’ sf] :jfy{
ljleGg ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿df ag]sf] k|:6 b]lvG5 . lng k|f]T;fxg x'g] b]lvG5 . cyf{t\ sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . t/, kmfObfhgs 5 .
k"/f ug{sf nflu sfd ug]{ Joj:yf
x'g] lgo'lQm ;QfkIf / k|ltkIfsf] :yfgLo tx -:yfgLo sddfq ;hfosf] sfg' g L s'g lsl;dsf] dfWodaf6 ;"rgf ;fy} , :yfgLo ;/sf/
ePsf]n] ;f]xLadf]lhd P]g sfg'g
efua08fdf x'g] u/]sf] ;~rf/ ;/sf/_ df 3'; lng], cltl/Qm Joj:yfd} sdhf] / L /x] s f] k|sflzt ug{] eGg]af/] pNn]v ;~rfng P]g @)&$ df :yfgLo
th'{df x'g] ub{5 . ctM o;sf]
dfWoddf tYo;lxt cfPs} xf] . /sdsf] dfu ug]{, ;fdflhs tyf b] l vG5 . gx'“bf klg e|i6frf/ a9\g] u/]sf] txdf of] h gf 5gf] 6 sf] :ki6
lj/f]wdf Jofks hgtf juL{o /
&) s/f]8 sf08sf sf/0f ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] b'?kof]u To;}n] g]dlskfsf ;f+;b kfOG5 . dfkb08 gx'g', of]hgf th{'dfb]lv
/fhg}lts¿kdf ;r]t / ;·l7t
/fhLgfdf lbg afWo cf] n L ug] { , sfddf l9nfO ug] { , k]d| ;'jfnn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/} ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod sfof{ G jog;Dd Jofks
eO{ e|i6frf/sf nflu aGg] ;/sf/
;/sf/sf k" j { d GqL uf] s ' n ;fj{hlgs sf]ifsf] b'?kof]u ug]{, ePklg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo x'g] (& df Ps s/f]8 ¿k}of“;Ddsf] hg;xeflutf ;'lglZrt gx'g' klg
/ k'“hLjfbL /fHo;Qfsf lj?4
af“:sf]6f klg cfkm"nfO{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Ln] clwsf/sf] b'?kof]u Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ hf]8bf/ dfu ub}{ nfut cg'dfg ePsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ e|i6frf/ a9\g'sf] sf/0f aGg]
;ª\ 3 if{ ug' { cfjZos 5 .
k|ltj]bgn] rf]VofPsf] bfjL ub}{ ug]{, cgfjZos sfuhft dfUg], cfpg'ePsf] 5 . pkef]Qmf ;ldlt jf nfeu|fxL u/]sf] b]lvG5 .
e| i 6frf/Lx¿nfO{ cfhLjg
5g\ . /fd|/L ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L tyf To:t} ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf %) ;d'bfoaf6 u/fpg ;lsg] sfg'gL e| i 6frf/sf nflu ;/sf/ ¤ sf/fjf;b]lv ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
sf]/f]gf dxfdf/Lsf ;dodf k|ltlqmof glbg], ;dodf sfof{no df ;DklQ ljj/0f;DaGwL Joj:yf k|fjwfg 5 . ;/sf/n] e| i 6frf/
u/]/ d[To'b08;Ddsf] ;hfo x'g]
;d] t hgtfsf] hLjgnfO{ gcfpg] , cfPklg s' ; L{ d f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . h;cg' ; f/ ‘kf/bzL{tfsf] 6fk'’ eg]/ lgoGq0fsf nflu agfPsf oL dfly
Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .
k|fyldstfdf g/fvL ;/sf/n] ga:g]h:tf e|i6frf/sf :j¿kx¿ ;fj{ h lgs kb wf/0f u/] s f] lrlgg] eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf h:tf] pNn] l vt P] g sfg' g df /x] s f
!# efb| @)&&

efb| ( -eQmk'/ sf08_ af6 kf7 l;Sg' h?/L 5 .

sfG5f
k5fl8 /Kkm' e/]sf] ‘kf]ln:6/’ sf] kfOG6, ;fy h'n;' ;lxbu]6af6 jL/ c:ktfn–ef]6flx6L x'b“ } cf1fkfns eP/ 3/af6 :s"n, :s"naf6 3/ uYof},“{ u/fO pgLx¿nfO{ kr]g . xfd|f] cfb]z gdfGg] eg]/
s'lxgfdf Kjfn k/]sf] ;6{ nufP/ xfQL5fk rKkn /Tgkfs{ s] k'uY] of] afuahf/tkm{sf] s'gfaf6 Ps cGt nfUb}gYof}“ . lsgeg], xfdLdfly k~rx¿sf] xfdLdfly cfqmd0f eof] . xfdLnfO{ k'/fg} 9ª\un]
k8\sfp“b} ;fyLx¿;“u xtf/–xtf/ ‘Ujfl6nf’ k'Ubf x'n dflg;n] ‘k~rfotL Joj:yf d'bf{jfb ¤’, ‘ax'bnLo s8f lgu/fgL x'GYof] . zf]if0f ug{ vf]lhof] . xfdLn] k|ltjfb u¥of}“ . xfdLn]
o'4 lht]em}“ nfUYof] . lsgeg], cufl8 k'Ug] JolQmx¿ Joj:yf lhGbfjfb ¤’ eGb} h'n;' dfly 9'ªu\ f a;f{pg Tolta]nf eQmk'/df ‘/f]lxt’ gfdsf] lgs} rrf{ s'6fO vfof}“, abnfdf s'6\of}“ klg ¤
6«ssf] x'8 -5t_ df r9\g kfOGYof] . 5tdf a:g yfn] . h'n'; PsfPs ltt/lat/ eof] . Psl5g t lyof] . k~rx¿n] ufp“df ‘/f]lxt’ sf] af/]df cg]s ldlt 7\ o fSs} ofb ePg . ;DejtM
kfp“bfsf] cfgGb / km'lt{ a]Un} x'GYof] . l9nf] cfpg]x¿ xfdL klg htfaf6 9'·f cfof] pt} kmls{P/ k|ltsf/df xNnf lkm“hfPsf lyP . ‘/f]lxt Hofgdf/f xf]’, ‘p;n] @)%@÷)%# ;fnlt/ x'gk' 5{, d g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg
5td'lg vf“lbP/ a:g'kYof]{ . tn a:g]x¿n] aflx/sf] plqof}“ . ufp“s} Pshgf sfsf cfP/ ‘ltdL km'Rr]x¿ dfG5] df5{’ ‘pm vt/gfs 5’, ‘p;sf] ;ª\u7gn] kf6L{ 5flnªsf] kf6L{ cWoIfsf] ;Dks{df k'u“] . Pslbg
b[Zo /fd|/L b]Vg kfpGgy] . o:tf] x'nbª\ufdf s] u/]/ a:of, nf} lx“8 ¤’ eGb} x\of]hn" fO{ df¥of]’, ‘5ftfn] 3f]r/] , An]8n] lr/]/ g'g pxf“n] cfbz{ cfhfb :s"ndf ePsf] sfo{qmddf
g]kfnsf] emG8f, ufp“ k~rfotsf] Aofg/ / kfv'/f ;dft]/ jL/ c:ktfntkm{ kmsf{P/ ;lxbu]6 v';f{gL bNof]’, ‘gfs, sfg, uf]Ko cª\u sf6]/ df¥of]’ n}hfg'eof] . ;+of]un] pQm lbg sfo{qmddf k|d'v
afhf ufhf cfO;s]kl5 6«s cufl8 a9\of] . 6«sdf k'¥ofP . clg cfPs} 6«sdf a:of}“ . h:tf aa{/ / qm'/ lrq0f ug]{ u/L k|rf/ uy]{ . Tof] cltly g]dlskfsf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ -/f]lxt_
dfG5] sf]rfsf]r u/]/ a:y] . k~rx¿n] tTsfnLg 6«sdf a;]kl5 xfdLn] tL sfsf;“u ;f]Wof}“ k|rf/n] ;f/f 6f]njf;Ldf ‘/f]lxt’ Hofgdf/f, qm'/ x'gx' G' Yof] . sf= /f]lxtnfO{ d}n] klxnf]kN6 ToxL“ b]vs
] f]
/fhfsf] hGdf]T;j dgfpg b]zsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 æsfsf ltgLx¿n] h'n;' df lsg 9'ªu\ f xfg]sf] < clg cfk/flws k|jl[ Qsf] JolQm eGg] 5fk k/]sf] lyof] . x' “ .
sf7df8f}“sf] 6'“l8v]ndf dfG5] hDdf ug]{ k/Dk/f tL 9'ªu\ f xfGg]x¿ sf] x'g\ <Æ sfsfn] æltgLx¿ xfdLn] ‘/f]lxt’ nfO{ slxNo} b]v]sf lyPgf}“ . :s'n] hLjgdf sNkgf u/]sf] ‘8/nfUbf], chª\u’
lyof] . ufp“ k~rfotsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ / sd{rf/L k~rfotL Joj:yf 9fNgnfO{ 9' ª \ u f xfGg] ‘/f]lxt’ sf] kmf]6f] klg b]vs ] f lyPgf}“ . k~rx¿sf] sf] dfG5]eGbf 7\ofSs} ljk/Lt xf]rf] sb, ;fgf]
t clgjfo{ g} x'Gy] . hf] hf] /fheQm lyP tL ;a} cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿ x'gÆ\ eg]/ hjfkm lbg'eof] . xfdLn] s'/f ;'g/] dgdgdf ‘/f]lxt’ sf] lrq sf]Yof}“{ . ‘xft lhp8fn ePsf] ;fwf/0f dflg;h:t} ¤ d t Psl5g
hfGy] . xfdL eg] 6«s r9\g] /x/n] sf7df8f}“ k'UYof}“ . hLjgdf klxnf]kN6 ‘cfGbf]ng’ sf] af/]df ;'gs ] f lyof}“ . kfv'/f 7"nf] ePsf], 8/nfUbf], chª\usf] JolQm’, ‘g/fd|f] cndndf k/]“ . xf]Og ls h:tf] klg nfUof] . kl5
To;a]nf #÷$ sIffd} /fhf/fgLsf jL/ufyf, cfGbf]ng eg]sf] o:tf] x'b“ f]/x]5 eGg] klxnf]kN6 b]Vof}“ . dfG5]’ / ‘/f]lxt’sf] ;ª\u7g klg To:t} xf]nf eGg] dgdg} xf“;“] – k~rx¿sf] k|efjn] lbdfudf s:tf]
dxfgtfaf/] k9fO x'GYof] . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] j}1flgs t/, xfdLnfO{ k~rfotL Joj:yf 9fn]/ s] x'g] xf], s] nfUbYof] . oxL sf/0f :s"n cjlwe/ xfdL ‘/f]lxt’ lrq sf]g{ k'u]5' sf= /f]lxtsf] eg]/ ¤
lzIff, /fhg}lts qmflGtsf af/] t xfdL cglj1 g} gx'g] xf], s]xL yfxf lyPg . sf] ;Dks{df slxNo} cfPgf}“ . k~rx¿n] xfd|f] To; sfo{qmddf pxf“n] sfdbf/ju{sf] kIfdf
lyof}“ . ‘uf]kL s[i0f sf]’ eGg]h:tf ;'uf /6fOsf] k9fOn] ;f“em 3/ k'Uof}“ . ;f“em cfGbf]ngsf/Laf6 8/ lbdfunfO{ dHhfn] e'6]sf lyP . JoQm ug'e{ Psf] ljrf/, /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLltsf]
xfd|f] dgdf /fhf/fgL dxfg\ x'g\ eGg] kg'{ / dxfg\ b]vfpg / ;ts{ u/fpg k~rx¿ 3/ 3/df @)$^ ;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 b]zdf ax'bn af/]df ug'e{ Psf] ;l6s ljZn]if0f, b]zelQmk"0f{ dGtJo,
/fhf/fgLsf] cg'xf/ Ps emns x]g]{ OR5f /fVg' klg cfOk'u] . plta]nf xfd|f] 6f]n k"/} k~rx¿sf] sAhfdf cfof] . k~rfotL Joj:yf lrxfgdf eid eO;s]sf] e|i6frf/lj?4 lbg'ePsf] egfOaf6 cToGt k|efljt
:jefljs} lyof] . lyof] . s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] k|efj lyPg . 6f]ns} lyof] . ;dfhdf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿n] v'n/] eP“ . zfob, Tof] lbg g} g]dlskfsf] ;ª\u7gdf
‘xfd|f] /fhf xfd|f] b]z k|f0feGbf Kof/f] 5 ¤’, 6f7faf7fn] ufp“k~rfot klg rnfPsf lyP . ufp“df ultljlw ug{ yfn] . s]xL jif{ lat]kl5 lxhf]sf k~rx¿ cfa4 x'g] d]/f] k|f/De laGb' lyof] .
‘>L % a8fdxf/fhlw/fh cd/ /x"g\ ¤’, ‘>L % k9]nv ] s
] fx¿ 5“b} lyPgg\ eGbf klg x'GYof] . r'gfjsf] ‘d/]sf] nf;af6 pl5l§Psf] plkof“’ h:t} pl5l§P/ plta] n f k~rx¿n] ‘/f] l xt’ sf] pl5tf]
a8fdxf/fgL cd/ /x"g\ ¤’, ‘k~rfotL Joj:yf lhGbfjfb a]nf Pshgf k~rn] htf eGof] pt} ;a}sf] dt ljleGg /fhgLlts bndf cf>o lng k'u] . ca, rfxGy] . tTsfnLg g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg ;ª\u7gnfO{
¤’ eGg] h:tf gf/f k~rx¿n] tof/ kf/]sf x'Gy] . hfGYof] . /fhg}lts r]tgf s;}df lyPg . h;df pgLx¿ ‘ho g]kfn’ sf] gf/f nufp“b} sfª\u;]| ag], t h/}b]lv pv]n]/ kmfNg vf]h]sf] @)$% ;fnsf]
af6f]el/ ToxL gf/f nufp“b} 6«s cufl8 a9\Yof] . lyof], pm k~rx¿sf] 8/n] r'k a:Yof] . sf]xL ‘nfn;nfd sfd/]8’ eGb} d'¶L s;]/ Pdfn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ cWoogkl5 1ft x'G5 . ax'bnk5fl8
ljleGg ufp“, gu/af6 cfPsf To:tf 6«sx¿sf] nfOg xfdL Psb'Oh { gf $÷% sIffb]lv g} eQmk'/ ag] . kf6L{ 7"nf] agfpg] gfp“df sfª\u;]| , Pdfn] klg sfª\u;]| , Pdfn]nufotsf bnx¿n] klg g]dlskfnfO{
af6f] e l/ b] l vGYof] . xfdL 5tdf a;] / To:t} gu/df k9\g hfGYof}“ . To;sf/0f, k~rx¿nfO{ lxhf]sf zq' k~rx¿nfO{ k/d ldq agfpg]tkm{ zq'tfk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug{ 5f]8s ] f 5}gg\ . clxn] klg
b[ Z ofjnf] s g uYof} { “ . sf] 6 ] Z j/b] l v dLgejg– xfdLb]lv 8/ /x]5 . b}lgsh;f] k~rx¿ xfd|f] 3/df nfu] . s:tf] crDd ¤ h;sf] lj?4 ;ª\3if{ u¥of] ufp“ufp“df g]dlskf ;fgf] kf6L{, Hofk"sf] kf6L{, ufp“
afg]Zj/lt/ t hfd} x'GYof] . xfdL ToxL hfd, ToxL a'em\g cfp“y] . ;fg} ePklg cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿;“u pxL k/d ldq, pg} g]tf ¤ clg p:t} sfd ax'bnLo gx] g ] { kf6L{ eg] / b' i k| r f/ ug{ kl5 kb} { g g\ .
sf]nfxn, ToxL eL8 b]v/] dVv kYof},“{ /dfp“Yof}“ . nfUnf eGg] zª\sf pgLx¿df /x]5 . ‘af6f]df krf{ k|hftGqdf klg ¤ g]dlskflj?4 tL bnx¿ clxn]klg Ps x'G5g\ .
;lxbu]6df k'Ubf xhf/f}“ dflg;n] ;8s kmfn]sf] /x]5 eg] gl6Kg"’, ‘krf{ l6k]sf] b]Vof] eg] k'/fgf k~rx¿n] 6f]n6f]ndf sfª\u;]| , Pdfn]sf] e| i 6frf/df r' n ' { D d 8' a ] s fx¿nfO{ g] d lskfsf]
9fls;s]sf x'Gy] . h'n'; ToxL“af6 ;'? x'GYof] . cf– k'ln;n] ;dft]/ y'G5’, ‘:s"n hfg", a]ns ' f st} guO{ gfdn] km]l/ lgoGq0f ug{ vf]h] . pgLx¿ hxf“ uof], lgisnª\s ¿k lrQ a'em\b}g . o;y{, g]dlskfsf
cfkm\gf] ufp“ k~rfotsf] Aofg/k5fl8 nfOg s;]/ v'?Ss 3/ cfpg"’ eg]/ xfdLnfO{ ;Demfp“y] . xfdL ToxL“ hfg'kg],{ pgLx¿n] h] u/]klg xfdLn] dfGg'kg]{ g]tf sfo{stf{x¿dfly km]l/ klg if8\oGq gxf]nf eGg
afhfufhf tyf ljleGg ;f+:s[lts emf“sLsf ;fy cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿sf] af/]df gfgfef“tLsf unt s'/f s'/f xfdLnfO{ lrQ a'em]g . xfdLn] km/s ljrf/ ;lsGg . efb| ( -eQmk'/ sf08_ af6 kf7 l;Sg'
h'n;' df ;xefuL ePsf] ;Demgf 5 . a8f] pT;fxsf xfd|f] lbdfudf el/lbGy] . To;}n] xfdL pgLx¿sf] /fVof}“ . k'/fgf k~r g x'g–\ xfd|f] km/s egfO / h?/L 5 .
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cGt/f{li^«o ba' ^

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!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020)

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pgLx¿n] g} hfP/df uf]/fx¿sf] zf;g
l6sfPsf lyP .Æ
So'jfsf ;'?sf ;}lgs lrlsT;sx¿–! clk|msL ljb|f]xL g]tfx¿n] Pp6f
sfnf ;d'bfo / csf]{ sfnf ;d'bfoaLr
leGgtf 5' 6 \ o fpg g;Sg] hfltjfbL
lzIff oxL xf] .Æ sf] h"g @& df ;QfljKnjsf] k|of; x'b“ f So' j fnL ;] g fs} cfwf/df sfa| n n] zf;sx¿sf] sdhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fpg]
Nofl6g cd]l/sfsf b]zx¿df eGbf So'jfnLx¿ Toxf“sf] ;/sf/sf] /Iffdf kLPcfO{hL;Ldf cfkm\gf] sdfG8 sfod of]hgf agfP . hfP/sf qmflGtsf/Lx¿n]
km/s clk|msL b]zx¿df u'l/Nnf o'4k|lt pleP . zlQmn] eGbf s"6gLlts¿kdf /fv]sf lyP . So'jfnLx¿afx]s c¿ ljb]zL So'jfnfO{ sfnf ;d'bfosf ;xof]uLx¿
ljdlt /fVg] s'g} :yflkt sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ Wo]on] l/:s'P6n] ;}lgs ;xfotf /f]Sg] Tof] Pp6f pkfo k7fpg cfu|x u/] . sfnf ;d'bfos}
alg;s]sf] lyPg . So'jfsf] sDtLdf cfkm\gf] 6f]nLsf Ps hgf lrlsT;snfO{ klg lyof] . lugL la;fpdf ;} l gs dflg; cfP cd] l /sL / o' / f] k ] n L
8g lkm6\h PsltxfO hg;ª\ V of clk| m sL d" n sf To;sf] lhDd]jf/L lbP . ;fgf] ;ª\Vofdf ;Nnfxsf/ / lzIfssf] ¿kdf u'Ktr/x¿n] So'jfnLx¿nfO{ cnUu lrGg
ePsf]n] So'jfnL g]tfx¿ k|zfGt dxf;fu/ cfPsf So'jfnLx¿sf] b[9tf b]v/] ljb|fx] Lx¿ So'jfnLx¿n] v]ns ] f] e"ldsf lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ ;Sb} g y] . sfa| n n] So' j fnL
So'jfn] ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf gf3]/ clk|msf hfg'kg]{ lgisif{df k'u] . kl5 x6] . h'nfO{ ^ df Tof] ljb|f]x ;dfKt lyof] . ;g\ !(&@ df Sof:6«f] clk|msfsf] clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ ‘clk| m sLx¿;“ u }
klxnf] k6s clk|msf k7fPsf] ;}lgs clk| m sfdf ;fsf/ ePsf] cfzf eof] . Ps hgf s·f]nL gful/sn] Hofg e|d0fdf lg:s] . Tolta]nf clk|msfdf Zj]t ldl;g;Sg] sfnf] /·sf k| f ljlws’
lrlsT;sx¿sf] 6f]nL uf]Ko lyof] . So'jf ;+/f cd]l/sfn] So'jfnfO{ PSNofpg] u'dfP . zf;glj?4 ;kmntfk"js { nl8/x]sf] Pp6} k7fOlbg cfu|x u/] . s'g} klg ljb]zL
;/sf/sf] ;aeGbf pRr txnfO{ dfq nuftf/ k|of; ul//x\of] . tyflk, ;g\ So' j fnLx¿n] rf“ 8 } g} s·f] d f dfq zlQm kLPcfO{hL;L lyof] . ;+nUgtf c:jLsf/ ug]{ kLPcfO{hL;Lsf]
To;af/] yfxf lyof] . jf:tjdf PSsfO;f}“ !(^$ ;Dddf clk|msL b]zx¿ cNh]l/of, cfkm\gf] sfd Pp6f u'6af6 csf]{ u'6nfO{ Tolta]nf So'jfn] cª\uf]nf, Sofd?g, gLltcg' ; f/ klg sfnf ;d' b fosf
ztfAbLsf] ;'?;Dd klg of] s'/f ;fj{hlgs OlhK6, 3fgf, lugL, dfnL, df]/f]Ssf] / hf]ufpg'd} ;Lldt ePsf] e]p kfP . oxL OSj]6f]l/on lugL, tfGhflgof / ;DejtM So'jfnLx¿sf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] .
ul/Psf] lyPg . tfGhflgofdf So'jfsf b"tfjf; :yfkgf s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ l/:s'P6n] s·f]af6 c¿ b]zx¿df klg s]xL e"ldsf v]ns ] f] lkm8]nn] 8]/s ] nfO{ hfP/df r];u“ }
;a–;xf/f If]qdf Tolta]nf ePsf eO;s]sf lyP . ;g\ !(^! sf] hgj/Ldf So'jfnLx¿ kmls{g' g} plrt x'g] ;'emfj lyof] . tyflk, of] n]v d'VotM hfP/, uPsf l;kfxLdWo] cfkm"nfO{ pko'Qm nfUg]
;ª\3if{df ;fd]n aGg So'jfnfO{ cg]sf}“ df]O;] ;f]Da]sf ;fyLx¿n] n'dD' afsf] xTof lbP . rf“8} g} So'jfnLx¿ Toxf“af6 s·f], lugL la;fpdf dfq s]lGb|t /xg]5 . l;kfxL 5fGg cfu|x ubf{ pgn] ‘h:tf];s ' }
sf/0fn] cfslif{t u/]sf] lyof] . klxnf] u/] . ;g\ !(^$ df n'd'Dafsf ;fyLx¿ kms] { . b' O { jif{ k l5 Pp6f ;kmn So'jfn] d'VotM tL b]zx¿df g} sfd u/]sf] k|lts"ntfdf sfd ug{;Sg], :jod\;j] L /
sf/0f, Tolta]nf ;+;f/e/ hgcfGbf]ngsf] ‘b ;fDaf;’ -l;+x_ n] u'l/Nnf ;ª\3if{ yfngL ;QfljKnjn] df:;fDaf 8]la6sf] ;/sf/ lyof] . clk| m sfdf So' j fnL sfnf /·sf] ;]gf’ k7fpg eg]sf lyP .
pef/ p7]sf] lyof] . ;+/f cd]l/sL gful/s u/] . ‘b ;fDaf;’ x¿sf] ;ª\3if{df alnof] ckb:y u¥of] . lrlsT;sx¿sf] cg'ej hfP/, s·f], lugL clk|msf hfg'cl3sf] tflnd lzlj/df ;a}
clwsf/ cfGbf]ngdf leotgfd o'4sf] qmflGtsf/L ;fdYo{ lyof] / To;n] ;/sf/L lugL la;fpdf kf]r'{unlj?4sf] la;fpsf ;fy} tfGhflgofdf kl/rflnt l;kfxLx¿ sfnf ;d'bfosf] b]vk] l5 dfq
lj/f]w ug]{ nfvf}“ hgtf klg ;fd]n ePsf kmf}hnfO{ cfR5'cfR5' agfof] . ljb|f]x eg] s·f]sf] kl/l:ylteGbf lgs} ;} l gs lrlsT;sx¿;“ u sf] lj:t[ t Tolta]nf s·f]df sfd u/]sf 8f=/f]l8«uf],
lyP . ;g\ !(^) sf] h"g dlxgfdf hfP/n] ;g\ !(^$ sf] l8;]Da/df r]n] km/s lyof] . ;+/f cd]l/sL u'Ktr/ cGtjf{tf{df cfwfl/t eP/ of] n]v tof/ cNef/]h sfa|f; jf 8f= h'lnog cNef/]h
a]lNhodaf6 :jtGqtf xfl;n u¥of] . cNh]l/of, 3fgf, s·f], lugL, dfnL, a]lgg, k| l tj] b gn] ;d] t lugL la;fpnfO{ ul/Psf] xf] . Anfsf]n] cfkm\gf] cfufdL uGtJo clk|msf
hglk|o k]l6«; n'd'Daf Toxf“sf k|yd tfGhflgof / OlhK6sf] tLg dlxgf nfdf] ‘clk|msfsf] ;aeGbf ;kmn d'lQm o'4’ egL uf] / f lrlsT;s, sfnf l;kfxL ePsf] e]p kfPsf lyP .
k|wfgdGqL ag] . ;g\ !(^@ df k|mfG;]nL ofqf u/] . clk| m sfdf qmflGtsf/L pNn]v u/]sf] lyof] . ;g\ !(^% df clk|msfdf hfg] clwsf+z So'jfnL Tolta]nf clk|msfdf hfg hxfhdf
pklgj]zjfbdfly /fli6«o d'lQm df]rf{n] ultljlwsf] g]tT[ j cfkm}n] ug]{ ;f]rsf ;fy cfkm\gf] clk|msf e|d0fsf] qmddf r]n] lugL lrlsT;sx¿ uf] / f ;d' b fosf lyP . ofqf ug]{ So'jfnLx¿n] lgs} km/s vfnsf]
ljho xfl;n u¥of] . ljhokl5 cxd]b r]n] pko'Qm /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug'{sf tyf s]k e]8{ :jtGqtf clk|msL kf6L{ - t/, l;kfxLx¿ eg] clwsf+ z sfnf cg'ej u/]sf lyP . 8f=cNef/]h sfa|f;
a]g a]Nnf cNh]l/ofsf k|yd /fi6«klt ag] . ;fy} ;f] If] q sf :jtGqtf kf] r ' { u fnL efiffcg' ; f/ ;ª\ I f] k df ;d' b fosf lyP . qmflGtcl3 sfnf ;f]leot ;ª\3df ag]sf] lkmn]S; h]hG] :sL
;g\ !(^^ sf] cu:6df rLgdf k'h“ Ljfbsf] cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿;“u ;Demf}tf u/] . ;g\ gfdsf] hxfhdf ofqf u/]sf] :d/0f u5{g\ –
ljsf;nfO{ bafpg dfcf] T;] t'ªsf] !(^% sf] hgj/Ldf tfGhflgofsf ælrlsT;sx¿ ;a} uf]/f lyP,
g]tT[ jdf dxfg\ ;j{xf/f ;f+:s[lts qmflGt g]tfx¿;“usf] e]63f6df r]n] ;fDaf To;sf/0f c¿n] xfdLnfO{ b]Vbf s]xL
eof] . ;g\ !(^* sf] d] dlxgfdf k|mfG;df ljb|fx] Lx¿af6 l;Sg ;lsg] kf7df hf]8 ;d:of lyPg . t/, l;kfxL ;a} sfnf
7"nf] jfdkGyL cfGbf]ng p7\of] . k|mfG;sf] lb“b} hfP/nfO{ u'l/Nnf tflndsf] s]Gb| lyP . To;sf/0f, c¿ ofqLx¿ jf ;+/f
Tof] ;ª\3if{ Toxf“sf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{n] ;d]t agfpg] of]hgf k|:tfj u/] . clk|msL cd]l/sL u'Ktr/ ljdfgnfO{ xfd|f] nIoaf/]
yfDg ;s]sf] lyPg . g]tfx¿n] r]sf] ;f] k|:tfjk|lt ljdlt /fv] . yfxf gxf];\ eg]/ uf]/f lrlsT;sx¿
Tolta]nf So'jfsf] ljb]z gLltnfO{ ;a} clk|msL g]tfx¿ tflnd s]Gb| cfkm\g} hxfhsf] bf];f| ] tnfdf a;]/ ofqf ug'k{ /]sf]
To:tf] cfsf/ lbg] bf];f| ] sf/0f ;+/f cd]l/sL b]zdf x'g'kg]{ rfxgf /fVy] . lyof] . Tof] tnf lgs} udL{ lyof] / xfjf
;fd|fHojfb lyof] . b'O{ bzscl3 ;+/f r]n] clk|msfsf ljleGg ;·7gsf cfpg]–hfg] 7fp“ klg st} lyPg . /ftsf]
cd] l /sfn] lx/f] l ;df / gfuf;fsLdf g]tfx¿nfO{ hlt glhsaf6 lrGg yfn], ;dodf slxn]sfxL“ xfdL xfjf vfg dfq
cfkm\gf] kf/df0fljs zlQmsf] k/LIf0f pgL Tolt g} lg/fz eP . clk| m sL dfly plSng] uYof}“{ .
ul/;s]sf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] bzs ;+/f kf6L{x¿sf g]tT[ jaf/] pgn] n]vs ] f 5g\, hxfhdf v'jfOg] ?;L vfgf lgs}
cd] l /sfn] pQ/ sf] l /ofdf s' n æpgLx¿ cf/fdbfoL xf]6]nx¿df a:y] . uGxfpg] vfnsf] lyof] . To;sf/0f :jR5
hg;ª\Vofsf] emG8} @) k|ltztsf] xTof pgLx¿n] ljb|fx] nfO{ g} kmfObfhgs k]zf xfjf gcfpg] tNnf] tnfdf sf]lRrP/ a;]sf
u/]sf] lyof] . Ujf6]dfnfdf hfsf]af] ca]G{ h agfO;s]sf lyP .Æ n8fO“sf] e"lddf r]sf] sfd/]8x¿nfO{ pN6L x'g] / 6fpsf] b'Vg]
g]t[Tjsf] k|ultzLn ;/sf/nfO{ ;+/f cfz°f k'li6 eof] M ;d:of ePsf] lyof] . hxfhsf] sKtfg;“u
cd]l/sL s]Gb|Lo u'Ktr/ ljefu ;LcfO{Pn] ær];dIf n8\g pT;'s tflndk|fKt Pp6f 306L lyof] . vfgf vfg] ;do x'“bf
ckb:y u/]sf] lyof] . So'jfnLx¿sf] xhf/f}“ ;fDaf; n8fs"x¿ ePsf] atfOof] . sKtfg ToxL 306L ahfp“Yof] . sf]xL sf]xL
lbdfudf ;g\ !(^! df hf]g / aAaL t/, jf:tjdf Toxf“ ! xhf/b]lv !% sd/]8x¿ t sKtfgsf] 306Lsf] cfjfh
s]g]8Lsf] if8\oGqd"ns ‘a] cfkm lkU; ;o;Dd 5/k:6 ljb|fx] Lx¿ lyP . pgLx¿ ;'Gg]lalQs} pN6L ug{ ;'? uy]{ ¤
xdnf’ / ;g\ !(^@ sf] ‘ld;fOn ;°6’ s;}nfO{ klg cfw'lgs xftxltof/;DaGwL ToxL eP/ d}n] vfgf vfg] a]nf
tfh} lyof] . ToxL a]nf ;LcfO{Pn] Psflt/ 1fg lyPg . pgLx¿sf] g s'g} PsLs[t sKtfgnfO{ 306L gahfpg cfu|x ul/lbg
ljif k|of]u u/L n'dD' afsf] xTof ug{ /0fgLlt g]t[Tj g} lyof] . l/:s' P 6nfO{ eg] “ . pgn] dnfO{ g}
a'lg/x]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{lt/ lkm8]n :sfpl6ª 6f]nLx¿n] klg df]rf{af6 ;g\ !(&# df ;]g]undf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ vf]k nufp“b} So'jfnL lrlsT;s sKtfg;dIf cfkm\gf] s'/f /fVg eg] . d}n]
Sof:6«fs ] f] klg xTofsf k|of; eO/x]sf s'g} /fd|f] va/ NofPsf lyPgg\ . cN5L cfkm\gf] s'/f Tof] ?;L sKtfg;dIf /fVbf
lyP . Nofl6g cd]l/sfdfly pklgj]zjfbL ljb|fx] Lx¿ ;a} lagf sfd al;/x]sf lyP . kLPcfO{ h L;L_ sf k| d ' v cldNs/ ;d' b fosf lrlsT;sx¿ lgs} sd p;n] cj:yfsf] s'g} e]p g} kfPg . p;n]
;f]r af]ss ] f lng8g hf]g;gn] ;g\ !(^% pgLx¿nfO{ xltof/ s;/L rnfpg] eGg] sfa|n;“u s'/fsfgL u/] . lyP . qmflGtsf/L ;] g fdf eg] pgLx¿ hxfhsf] oxL k/Dk/f ePsf]n] o;df
df 8f] l dlgsg u0f/fHodfly sAhf ljifodf s'g} 1fg lyPg . g t pgLx¿nfO{ lkm8]nn] ;fd|fHojfbsf] d'¶L tf]8b\ } rf“ 8 } g} dflyNnf] kbdf k' u ] . clk| m sL tndfly gx'g] atfof] .
hdfPsf lyP . xdnf ug]{ jf cfkm\gf] k|lt/Iffsf] nflu t];|f] ljZjsf b]zx¿nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df åGådf hfltsf] klg 7"nf] dxŒj lyof] . uf]/f lrlsT;sx¿ t sDtLdf
ToxL a]nf ;f]leot ;ª\3n] klg s'g} sfd ug]{ hf“u/ g} lyof] . ;a}lt/ NofPsf] c;+nUg cfGbf]ngsf] dxŒjaf]w So'jfn] clk|msfdf k|efj lj:tf/ ug'{ hxfhsf] 5] p df pleP/ pN6L ug{
e/kbf] { ldqsf] Jojxf/ ul//x] s f] c/fhstf, cGof]n / cg'zf;gxLgtfsf] u/] . pgn] lqdxfb] z Lo ;Dd] n gsf ;+ / f cd] l /sfsf] nflu klg lgs} ;Sy] . pgLx¿ a;] s f] eGbf tnsf]
lyPg . ;f]leot ;ª\3n] g sf]l/ofdf cj:yf lyof] .Æ cfof]hsx¿nfO{ ;f] ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf nfebfos lyof] . clk| m sfsf clwsf+ z tnfdf a;]sf sfnf l;kfxLx¿sf] nflu
n8\g s'g} ;]gf k7fof] g leotgfddf hfP/af6 klg So'jfnL g]tf, ;]gf xjfgfdf ug{ cfu|x u/] . ;f]cg';f/ ;g\ b]zdf o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿n] t cj:yf cem eofjx xf]nf . ?;L
g} . ;g\ !(^$ df 6glsg vf8Lsf] / lrlsT;sx¿n] lg/fzfsf va/ !(^^ sf] hgj/L # df xjfgfdf P]ltxfl;s¿kdf sAhf hdfpg'sf ;fy} sKtfgn] xfd| f ] s' / f g;' g ] k l5
36gfkl5 ;+ / f cd] l /sfn] cfkm\ g f] k7fp“ y ] . hfP/df ;g\ !(^% sf] lqdxfb]zLo ;Dd]ng eof] . ;f] ;Dd]ngdf pgLx¿sf] lgoGq0f klg rfn' lyof] . So'jfnLx¿n] p;sf] 306L g} rf]/]/
cj:yfnfO{ lgs} alnof] agfO;Sbf klg gf]eD] a/df ;QfsAhfkl5 ;fDaf ljb|fx] Lsf Nofl6g cd] l /sfdf ;z:q ;ª\ 3 if{ To;sf/0f, clk|msL b]zx¿df o'/f]k]nL cfGb| dxf;fu/df x'TofOlbP ¤Æ
;f]leot ;ª\3n] leotgfddf ;xof]u Ps hgf g]tfn] cfkm"x¿ o'4 ;dfKt ug]{ ul//x]sf ljleGg /fhgLlts ;d"xnfO{ klg b]zx¿sf] k|efj sdhf]/ agfpg ;+/f sfnf ;d' b fosf n8fs" x ¿
ug] { s' g } cu| ; /tf b] v fPsf] lyPg . kIfdf /x]sf] egL r]nfO{ kq k7fP . r] cfdGq0f ul/of] . ToxL ;Dd]ngdf lkm8]n cd] l /sfn] So' j fnfO{ 7" n f] cfly{ s uPsfn] clk| m sfdf So' j fnLx¿sf]
lglstf v' | Z r] e n] lkm8] n Sof:6« f ] / cfkm\gf] g]tT[ jdf /x]sf] ;}lgs 6f]nL;“u} / sfa|nsf] klxnf] e]6 eof] . b'O{ g]tfaLr ;xfotfsf] k| : tfj ug{ ;SYof] . t/, ;+ n Ugtfaf/] klZrdf b] z x¿n] s' g }
cfkm\ g f] pQ/flwsf/L lncf] l g8 So'jf kms]{ . c¿ So'jfnLx¿ clk|msfsf nfdf] 5nkmn eof] . lkm8]nn] sfa|nnfO{ ;g\ !(^) sf] bzsdf ;+/f cd]l/sf d]nf]d];f] g} kfPgg\ . hfP/sf Ps hgf
a| ] e mg] e ;“ u ;d] t s' g } ;/;Nnfx g} ljleGg b]zdf 5l/P . lrlsT;s, ;}lgs k|lzIfs / k|fljlws leotgfddf r' n { ' D d 8' a ] s f] lyof] . a]nfotL ;Nnfxsf/n] n]v]sf 5g\, æ;+/f
gu/L ld;fOn ;°6nfO{ cfkm"v'zL 6'·f] l5d] s L b] z s·f] d f cNkmf] G ;] k7fOlbg] jfrf u/] . ;Dd] n gsf ;fy}, ;+/f cd]l/sfdf rfn' hfltjfbsf] cd]l/sL u'Ktr/x¿ sfnf So'jfnLx¿sf]
nufPkl5 So' j fn] cfkm\ g f] x} l ;ot df:;fDaf–8]a6sf] g]tT[ jsf] /fhgLlts kf6L{ k|ltlglwx¿aLr b'j} g]tfx¿n] k|efjsf/L sf/0f ;+ ; f/e/sf hgtf pmk| l t x'ndf uf]/fx¿ / pgLx¿sf cf“vfnfO{
;f] l eot df] r f{ s f] lrgL pTkfbs lyof] . pgsf] ;dfhjfbL ljrf/ lrlgof“ efif0f u/] . lkm8]n qmflGtsf/L ;ª\3if{sf ljslif{ t lyP . lgofn]/ x]y]{ .Æ s·f]df klg cj:yf o:t}
;xof]uL b]z dfq ePsf] cg'ej u¥of] . sDo'lg:6 kf6L{;“u glhs lyof] . ;g\ g]tfsf] ¿kdf pbfP . clk|msfdf Zj]t ;Qfsf] hfltjfb lyof] . ;+/f cd]l/sf, k|mfG;, klZrd
To;dfly Nofl6g cd]l/sL sDo'lg:6 !(^% df lkm8]n Sof:6«fn] ] Ps 6f]nL l;kfxL lkm8]nsf] jfrfcg';f/ leS6/ 8«s ] lgs} k|efjzfnL / eofgs lyof] . ;fDaf hd{gL / a]nfotsf clwsf/Lx¿ s·f]df
kf6L{x¿n] qmflGtaf/] So'jfsf] ‘kmf]sf] s·f] k7fP . To;cl3 g} s·f]df krf; So'jfnL ;}lgs 6f]nLsf] g]tT[ j u/]/ lugL ljb|fx] Lx¿nfO{ bafpg ef8fdf NofOPsf slt hgf So'jfnLx¿ sfd ul//x]sf
l;4fGt’ -u' l /Nnf o' 4 sf] l;4fGt_ hgf hlt So'jfnLx¿ lyP . So'jfnL la;fp k'u] . hfP/df u/]sf] sfdjfkt n8fs"x¿nfO{ ‘ljb|fx] L’ dfly oftgfkl5 5g\ eGg] s'/f lgSof]{n g} ug{ ;Sb}gy] .
:jLsf/]sf lyPgg\ . Nofl6g cd]l/sL 6f]nLsf] g]tT[ j hh{ l/:s'P6n] u/]sf lyP . r] Uj]ef/faf6 pRr k|z;+ f kfpg ;kmn uf]nL xfGg / em'G8\ofpg dfq 5'6 lyPg ‘pgLx¿ ;a} sfnf ePsf]n] 5'6\ofpg g}
sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ x ¿n] ;x/L sfdbf/ l/:s'P6sf] k'vf{ ‘uf]/f dflnssf] clk|msL 8«s
] sfnf ;d'bfosf sdfG8/ lyP . lugL a? ljb|fx] Lx¿nfO{ uf]nLsf] lgzfgf nufpg] ufx«f] k/]sf] x'gfn] a]lNhodsf /fhb"tn]
hgtfsf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ hf]8 lbGy] eg] bf; tyf lrlgof“ ;fx'sf gf]s/ / :k]lgofnL la;fpdf kLPcfO{hL;Lsf] cg'zf;g b]v/] cEof;df ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ 5'6 lyof] . s·f]df Ps ;o jf cf7 ;o So'jfnL
So' j fnL g] t [ T j ;z:q ;ª\ 3 if{ d fkm{ t cfk|jf;L’ lyP . pgL k| e fljt eP . ;g\ !(^* sf] ef8fsf n8fs"x¿ ljb|fx] Lx¿nfO{ uf]nL 5g\ , 6' ª \ U ofpg g} ;s] g g\ .
ufp“x¿nfO{ cfwf/ If]q agfpg] /0fgLltdf s·f] d f So' j fnLx¿n] cfkm\ g f clGtddf pgL So'jf kms]{ . ToltGh]n xfGg] ljifodf h'jf ;d]t v]Ny] . cfkm\gf] clk|msLx¿;“u lgs} dl;gf] u/L ldl;Psf
ljZjf; uYof]{ . r] Uj]ef/fn] eg]sf 5g\, g]tfx¿sf ljrf/ / Toxf“sf] /fhgLlt d]n sfa|nsf] cj:yf lgs} ;an eO;s]sf] ;+:d/0fdf Ps hgf ef8fsf] l;kfxLn] sfnf So' j fnLx¿ uf] / f
æb[9lgZroL, hgtfsf] ;dy{g k|fKt / gvfPsf] cg'ej u/] . Toxf“ /fhgLlt lyof] . @) xhf/b]lv @% xhf/;Dd ;]gf ‘uf]/f kxndfg’ sf] ljifodf o;/L JofVof ;jf]{RrtfjfbLx¿sf cfTd:jfledfgdfly
dg{bl] v slt klg g8/fpg] dflg;x¿sf] cj;/jfb / JolQmut 7fn'kgdf cfwfl/t yKbf klg kf]r'{unn] o'4 xfl//x]sf] lyof] . u/]sf 5g\ M æblIf0f clk|msfsf cUnf / uDeL/ ckdfg h:t} lyof] .
;fgf] ;d"xn] s'g} klg lgoldt ;]gfnfO{ lyof] . lkm8]nn] l/:s'P6nfO{ s·f] /Iff lugL la;fpdf ^) eGbf a9L eLdsfo kxndfg . nfdf–nfdf v'§f, ;|f]t M dGYnL l/Eo'
k/flht ug{;S5 . So'jfnL qmflGtsf] ug{ k7fPsf lyP . To;sf/0f, ;g\ !(^^ So'jfnL ;]gf slxNo} klg lyPgg\ . tyflk, kftnf] / vfOnfUbf] /f]8]l;ofnL cª\u|]h . g] k fnL cg' j fb M gL/h
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cGt/f{li^«o ba' &

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!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020)

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sf]/f]gf efO/; ns8fpg ef/tsf] c;ª\ul7t >ldslj?4sf] n8fO“
xif{ d+b/ / cldtf+z' jdf{
lgs} ;fgf] /fxt Kofs] h ;lxt klg u/]sf] lyPg . Tof] t hgtfsf] lxtsf
ljZjsf ljleGg b]zdf ul/Psf] s8f nflu ns8fpg nufPsf] s]Gb| ;/sf/
ns8fpg c;ª\ul7t >ldslj?4 /fHon] >lds ju{sf hgtfsf] lxtsf nflu
yf]k/]sf] eofgs n8fO“ ;flat eO/x]sf] lrGtgzLn / sfd ul//x]sf] 5 eGg]
5 / To;sf] e'Qmdfg tL >lds / b]vfjf ug'{dfq lyof] . o;}nfO{ cy{zf:qL
pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n] ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . Pjd\ cWo]tf x\ofl/; x\jfO6n] – gLlt
To;sf] cem 7"nf] c;/ eg]sf] w]/}sf] csfof{Gjog – egL ;xL l6Kk0fL g} u/]sL
dlit:sdf of] ;d:of sDtLdf Ps 5g\ . >ldsju{sf] lxtdf ;/sf/sf] of]
bzs;Dd /xg] 8/ xf] . w] / } ;fgf] sfdnfO{ klg d] dlxgfsf] dWodf
afnaflnsfx¿ ljBfnoaf6 lgsflnPsf ef/tsf] ;jf]R{ r cbfntn] ‘cfkt\sfndf
5g\ / af“wf >d / a]rljvgdf kfl/Psf >ldsx¿sf] clwsf/ dfq clgjfo{
5g\ . ns8fpgsf] csf]{ eofgs kl/0ffd sfof{Gjog x'g;Sb}g’ eGb} csf]{ av]8f
eg]sf] ef]sd/L / s'kf]if0f x'g,\ s/f]8f}–“ v8f ul/lbof] .
s/f]8 dflg;x¿ ul/aLlt/ ws]lnPsf 5g\ olb /f]huf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf]
/ of] ul/aL emg\ kL8fbfoL / aRg} g;lsg] clwsf/ nfu' u/]sf] eP w]/} – w]/d} f /f]huf/
/f]usf ¿kdf km}lng yfn]sf] 5 . cy{zf:qL ;'/lIft gePsf] egL cfh hg:t/sf] lrGtf
tyf ljsf;;DaGwL cWo]tf afa{/f x\ofl/; 5, Tof] x'g] lyPg . ;/sf/n] Psflt/ Ps
x\jfO6 ns8fpgnfO{ – gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] cfb]zsf] e/df >ldsx¿sf] lxtdf sfd
– dfWodåf/f c;ª\ u l7t If] q sf 5 . To;}n] ;g\ @)!!–!@ ;Dddf ef/tsf k|lt>lds clgjfo{ vr{ arfpg ;lhnf] cfkt\sfn 3f]if0ff ub}{ b}lgs sfo{cjlw !@ u/]sf] b]vfof] eg] csf]l{ t/ >d P]gx¿df
>ldsx¿sf] cl:tTjdfly g} k|Zg v8f !! j6f /fHodf s'g} klg /f]huf/bftf jf x'G5 / >ldsx¿nfO{ sfg'gn] lbPsf] ;'ljwf 306f / ;fKtflxs sfo{cjlw &@ 306f Jofks ;+zf]wg / lgnDagsf] dfWodn]
x'gu] /L ltgLx¿lj?4 ul/Psf] o'4sf] 3f]if0ff 7]sb] f/x¿ pQm P]gcg';f/ btf{ gx'gd' f s'g} -pbfx/0fsf nflu oftfoft vr{ / cfjf; k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . To;nfO{ pl8;f, dxf/fi6« / k'h“ Lkltx¿nfO{ To;sf] xhf{gf ltl/lbof] .
dfGg'x'G5 . cfZro{ 5}g . cfk|jf;L dhb'/x¿sf] ;'ljwf_ lbg gkg]{ x'G5 . ;fy}, To;af6 uf]cfsf ;/sf/n] klg k5\ofPsf 5g\ . o; ;/sf/n] cfly{s dGbLaf6 aRg] pkfo eg]/
ef/tLo cy{zf:qLx¿ k|eft k6gfos ;a}eGbf a9L ;ª\Vofdf btf{ u/]sf] /fHo >ldsx¿sf] ;ª\Vof sd b]lvP/ ltgLx¿nfO{ dfldnfdf pQ/ k|bz ] ;/sf/ t ;a}eGbf >d P]g lgnDagb]lv k'h“ Lkltx¿sf nflu
/ hotL 3f]ifsf b'O{ cvaf/Lo cfn]vx¿df ljxf/ xf] . Toxf“ klg ljut b'O{ jif{df hDdf ljleGg sfg'gn] sf/vfgf, pBf]ux¿df cufl8 5 . To;n] /fHodf /x] s f lgs} ;:tf] Aofhb/sf] shf{ lbof] . ;/sf/n]
klg elgPsf] 5 – xfdLnfO{ nfU5 ;/sf/n] %^ hgf >ldsx¿sf] gfddfq btf{ ul/Psf] dhb'/ ;ª\3 -6«8] o'lgog_ agfpg / ;'ljwf snsf/vfgf / pTkfbg pBf]ux¿df ;a} k'h“ Lkltx¿nfO{ lbPsf] cfly{s Kofs]hn]
>dhLjL hgtfsf] hLljsf / hLjgcfwf/ g} 5 . lbgsf nflu tf]lsPsf]df sddfq ;'ljwf >d P]gx¿sf k|fjwfgx¿ tLg jif{ lgnDag cfly{s dGbL /f]Sg g;Sg] / ns8fpgn]
xgg x'g] u/L yf]k/]sf] lg0f{oåf/f l;lh{t s/f]8f}“ >ldsx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg lbP k'Ug] x'G5 . o;sf] cy{ sfd ug]{ x'g] k|:tfj kfl/t u/fPsf] 5 . u'h/ft >ldsju{sf ¿kdf /x]sf cToGt ax'dt
si6nfO{ sd ug{sf nflu ;/sf/n] sbd ug{;Sg] csf]{ P]g ‘ejg tyf cGo lgdf{0f >ldsx¿ cb[Zo x'G5g\, ;/sf/nfO{ tL ;/sf/n] cfkm" klg pQ/ k|bz ] ;/sf/s} pkef]Qmfx¿sf] qmozlQm l5g]/ cfly{s dGbL
rfNg'k5{ . k|To]s 3/kl/jf/sf] nflu dhb'/ -/f]huf/sf] lgodg tyf ;]jfsf] ;t{_ >ldsx¿ sf] x'g\ yfxf x'b“ g} / / tL kblrx\gdf lx“8g\ k|lta4 ePsf] hgfPsf] cjZoDefjL lbzflt/ ws]ns ] f] tYonfO{
sDtLdf dfl;s & xhf/ ¿k}of“sf] lx;fan] P]g !((^’ xf] . To; P]gcGtu{t btf{ ePsf >ldsx¿n] cfkm"n] kfpg] aLdf, ;'Ts]/L labf, 5 . dWok| b ] z ;/sf/n] a]jf:tf u/]sf] 5 . ns8fpgn] cfkm\gf]
tLg dlxgf;Ddsf] nflu gub /fxt k|bfg >ldsx¿nfO{ aLcf];L8ANo" klg elgG5 . cfjf;nufot c¿ s'g} klg ;'ljwf bfjL snsf/vfgf;DaGwL P] g sf >lds /f]huf/ hf]ufpg ;Ifd ePsfx¿sf] vr{sf]
ul/g'k5{ / ;fj{hlgs ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf ;a}sf] To; P]gcg';f/ btf{ ePsf >ldsx¿nfO{ ug{ g;Sg] x'G5g\ . lxt;DaGwL s}of}“ k|fjwfgx¿ x6fPsf] 5 . Ifdtfdf ;d]t ef/L lu/fj6 NofPsf] 5 /
kx'r“ ;'lglZrt ug'k{ 5{ . t/, ha xfdL cfjf; ;'ljwfb]lv s}of}“ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] cfk|jf;L / >ldsx¿sf nflu sfd To;n] /f]huf/bftfx¿nfO{ sfdbf/x¿sf pgLx¿sf] eljionfO{ clglZrttflt/ pGd'v
o;sf] sfof{Gjog s;/L ug{ ;lsPnf / < ;'ljwf /f]huf/bftfn] pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ ul//x]sf] Ps ;fdflhs ;+:yf – ‘cfhLljsf nflu :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff, lgikIf kfl/>lds / u/fPsf] 5 .
egL k|Zg p7fpg yfN5f},“ ;x/L If]qsf x'G5 . cl3Nnf] jif{ sDtLdf () lbg sfd Ao"/f]’sf sfo{sf/L lgb]z{ s /fhLj v08]njfn sfdbf/x¿sf] sNof0f ;'l' glZrt ug'k{ g]{ olb ;/sf/n] ;a} cgf}krfl/s If]qsf
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rnfpg'ePsf] ;'wf/ cfGbf]ngsf] l;nl;nf lyof], klg xf] egL k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf] 5 . ljBfnodf / qmflGtsf ;To–tYonfO{ bz{sdfq lyPgg\, To;sf ;dy{s ljsL/0fnfO{ Kn]usf] ;+1f lbO{
Tof] . ljBfyL{nfO{ bz{g, Oltxf;, cy{tGq, lj1fgaf/] /fd|f] ljZjJofkL k|rf/ ug{ k|ultzLn klg lyP . ljZjnfO{ ;r]t kfg]{ sfd u/] .
cWoog slxNo} g6'lª\ug] ljifo xf] . cWoIf hfgsf/L lbg lzIfs cfk}m“ hfgsf/ x'gk' g]d{ f cWoIf kqsf/x¿ ;lqmo x' G 5g\ . dfS;{, P“u]N; / n]lggsf pgn] g} ;+/f ;ª\3sf] gfddf ;+/f
dfcf]n] plta]nf ;'emfpg'ePsf] cWoogsf] tl/sfaf/] dfcf]n] hf]8 lbg'ePsf] 5 . ljBfyL{nfO{ j}1flgs / ltgLx¿ cGt/f{li6«ojfbL kqsf/ ;flxTosf] cWoogn] hf]g /L8sf] cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbn] sf]l/ofdf
g]kfnL ;dfh / gof“ k':tfsf sfo{stf{ k|lzlIft ag] ;TotYo 1fg glbP b]zsf] eljio c“Wof/f] x'g;Sg]kl| t x' g \ . ljrf/nfO{ ulx/f] / kSsf u/] s f cTofrf/x¿ ;+ ; f/e/
lxts/ xf]nf . lrlgof“ sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ :yfkgf ePsf] ;r]t agfpg'ePsf] 5 . cd]l/sL kqsf/x¿ cGgf agfOlbPsf] lyof] . pgL pbfª\UofP . pgn] ;+/f cd]l/sfn]
@) jif{ lalt;s]sf] lyof] . lrlgof“ qmflGtsf lglDt sfo{stf{n] cfTdk/s b[li6sf]0faf6 cWoog n'O; :6«ª, hf]g /L8 / P8\u/ :gf] k' “ h Ljfbsf] u9 cd] l /sfd} sf]l/ofdf ls6f0f' o'4 rnfPsf]
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb dfu{lgb]z { s l;4fGtsf ¿kdf ug'x{ b“' g} , cfTdk/s z}nLsf] cWoogn] kl/l:ylt Pjd\ tyf c:6]l« nofnL kqsf/ ljNk|m8] sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ :yfkgf ug{ tYo ;+;f/nfO{ atfP .
cª\uLsf/ ul/Psf] lyof] . csf]{ efiffdf eGg] xf] eg] jftfj/0fsf] Jojl:yt / k"0f{ cWoog ;Dej x'Gg . ar]{6 cGt/f{i6«jfbL kqsf/x¿ nfluk/] s f cd] l /sL qmflGtsf ;g\ !(&! df cd]l/sf /
dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb lrlgof“ qmflGtsf] lglDt dxŒjk"0f{ cfTdk/s z}nLsf] cWoogn] Ifl0fs v';L, pmhf{ k|fKt x' g \ . tL rf/ cGt/f{ i 6« j fbL Ps cu|b"t aGg ;kmn eP . leotgfd o'4df ;+/f cd]l/sL
xltof/ aGof] . klxnf] ljZjo'4 cufl8 rLgsf] df6f]df x'g' l;jfo s]xL x'Gg . To:tf] cWoog kl5;Dd :d/0f kqsf/x¿n] k' “ h Ljfb / pgn] dhb' / cfGbf] n g, ;fd| f Hojfbn] ljiffn' Uof;,
b]lvPsf] cf}klgj]lzs bdgaf/] 5nkmn x'GYof] . ;of}“ x'Gg, lbuf] aGb}g . olb rLgsf] Oltxf;nfO{ cfTdk/s ;fd| f Hojfbsf] lj/f] w ub} { ;ª\ 3 if{ n fO{ c·fNb} snd /f;folgs j:t' / cfuf] ; d] t
jif{;Dd ;Tosf] vf]hLdf lrlgof“ hgtfn] u/]sf] z}nLaf6 cWoog ul/of] eg] s]xL ;dod} :d[ltaf6 ljZje/sf ax' d t dhb' / – rnfP . 6fOkmfO8sf] pkrf/ nufP/ jgh·n, ufp“–;x/, v]t
;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf;n] ¿;L qmflGtkl5 a]Un} df]8 lnof] . x/fpg]5 / rLgsf] tl:a/ wldlnG5 . dfS;{jfb / ls;fgsf] kIfdf cfkm\gf] snd ubf{ub}{ ## jif{sf] o'jf pd]/d} vlnofg;d] t v/fgL agfPsf]
ljZjJofkL Psdfq ;To dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfbnfO{ n]lggjfbnfO{ cfTdk/s z}n} Ldf cWoog u/] p2]Zo lhGbuLe/ rnfP . ltgLx¿n] ¿;df hf]gl/8sf] c:jfefljs lyof] . gfkfd adn] leotgfdL
lrlgof“ df6f]df x'sf{pg' / lrlgof“ qmflGtnfO{ ;kmn e]l6Gg, cd"t{ aG5 . ;dfrf/ ;°ngsf] qmddf cg]s lgwg eof] . pgn] cfkm" n fO{ hgtf cToGt kLl8t lyP . To:tf]
agfpg' lrskfsf] p2]Zo lyof] . Tof] p2]Zo k"/f ef}ltsjfbL b[li6sf]0f, j}1flgs ljZn]if0f / b'Mv, si6, x08/, kL8fsf] ;fdgf dhb' / –ls;fgsf] nflu ck{ 0 f cj:yfdf ar]6{ n] ;of}“ dfOn k}bn
ug{ sfo{stf{df geO{ gx'g] ljz]iftf cWoogzLntf ;+Zn]if0f g} dfS;{jfbL cWoog k4lt xf] . dfS;{jfbL ug'{k¥of] . u/] s f lyP . pgsf] lgwg ofqf u/L ;dfrf/ ;°ng u/] .
xf] eGg] ljrf/ cWoIf dfcf] /fVg'xG' Yof] . rLgsf] cWoog k4lt cfTdk/s x'gu] b}g{ . cWoogdfq xf]Og js{;{ klAns];G;\, g]kfnn] dhb'/–ls;fgsf] nflu 7"nf] Iflt pgn] leotgfdsf] jf:tljs
cWoog, lrlgof“ ;dfh / hghLljsfsf] cWoog, n]vg klg cfTdk/s x'g'x'“b}g . cfTdk/s z}nL @)^& k' ; df ltg} rf/ lyof] . pgL afNosfnb]lv slj, cj:yfsf] lrq0f u/L ;dfrf/
Oltxf;sf] cWoog / ljZjhutsf] cWoog lj1fg / dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb ljk/Lt xf], sDo'lg:6 cGt/f{ i 6« j fbL kqsf/x¿sf] syfsf/, gf6ssf/ lyP . 5kfP . pgL &@ jif{sf] pd]/df
sfo{stf{sf] Go"gtd cfjZostf xf] . ljZjhutnfO{ z}nL ljkl/t xf] . efjgfdf aUg], ;txdf /dfpg] ;ª\ l IfKt hLjgL ;°ng u/] / ;ª\3if{ / n8fO“aLr ;dfrf/ SofG;/ /f]uaf6 lat] .
dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL cf“vfn] x]g{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; k|jl[ Q unt xf] . ljifoj:t'nfO{ j:t'k/s / tYo– k'l:tsfsf] ¿kdf k|sflzt u¥of] . ;°ng ug]{ Ps ;kmn ;+jfbbftf o;/L rf/ cGt/f{i6«jfbL
ug{ cWoIf dfcf]n] cWoogdf ;'wf/ cfGbf]ngdf hf]8 tYofª\ s ;lxt cWoog ug{ 5f] 8 ] / cfTdk/s cd] l /sfsf] k| u ltzLn lyP . kqsf/sf] ;ª\lIfKt hLjgL cWoog
lbg'eof] . sfo{stf{n] s] k9\g] / s;/L k9\g] eGg] cWoogdf /dfpgfn] sfo{stf{nfO{ leQfdf pd|]sf] kl/jf/df hGd]sL cGgf n'O; :6«ª lrlgof“ hgtf / ;+;f/nfO{ ug]{ a]nfdf ¿;, rLg, hfkfg,
k|Zgdf tLgj6f ljifodf cWoIf dfcf] hf]8 lbg'xG' 5 . la?jf agfp“5 . ltgLx¿ kxf8sf] af“;h:t} x'G5g\ – ;+ ; f/nfO{ cd] l /sL cf0fljs lrlgof“ g]tf dfcf] sf] x'g\ / s:tf cd] l /sf, sf] l /of, d] l S;sf] ,
klxnf], jt{dfg cj:yf cyf{t\ ;d;fdlos 7"nf] cfjfh lgsfNb} dlRrg] . afSnf] 5fnf ePsf] cft°af6 d' l Qm lbnfpg 5g\ eg]/ hfgsf/L lbg] cd]l/sL leotgfd, sDaf]l8of, nfcf];nufot
kl/l:yltsf] /fd|f] cWoog . lrskf h:tf] 7""nf] t/ leq k"0f{tM vf]qmf] . h/f gePsf] / leq vf]qmf] ‘;fd|fHojfb sfuhsf] af3 ePh:t} kqsf/ P8\u/ :gf] x'g\ . aofgAa] b]zsf Oltxf;sf dxŒjk"0f{ kIfx¿sf]
sDo'lg:6 kf6L{nfO{ jt{dfg 3/]n' / cGt/f{li6«o sfo{stf{n] qmflGtsf lglDt of]ubfg ug{ ;Sb}g . cf0fljs ad klg sfuhsf] af3 lbgsf] sl7g ofqfkl5 rLgsf] kfcf] hfgsf/L lng ;lsG5 . of]
kl/l:ylt cWoog ug{sf] nflu ;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;ª\sng cWoogdf ;txL sfo{stf{n] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{df a;L xf] <’ eGg] dfcf]sf] ;Gb]z k'¥ofpg] cfgdf g]tf dfcf];u“ :gf]n] e]6/] k'l:tsfsf] cWoogn] gof“ k':tfsf
ug{ d'l:sn lyof] . /fhgLlts, ;}Go, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts b]z / hgtfsf] ;]jf ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . axfb'/ dlxnf kqsf/ x'g\ . pgn] rLgsf] Oltxf;, dfS;{ j fb / kqsf/x¿nfO{ pmhf{ k|fKt x'G5,
cflb ljifoj:t'x¿df pknAw ;fdu|L ljvl08t / dfS;{jfb–n]lggjfb lj1fg xf] . lj1fg kSsL ¿; / rLgsf] sDo'lg:6 l;4fGtsf] kf6L{sf] Oltxf;af/] s'/fsfgL u/] . dfu{bz{g k|fKt x'G5 . k'l:tsfn]
Jojl:yt clen]vLs/0f ug{ uf¥xf] lyof] t/ c;Dej x'G5 . To;sf/0f, x]/s ljifosf] cWoog dfS;{jfbL– dte]b / ljjfbaf/] ljZjnfO{ kfcf] cfgdf tLg dlxgf a;]/ cg]s b'Mv, si6, kL8f, hf]lvdsf]
lyPg . lrskf :yfkgfsf] @) jif{df cWoognfO{ n]lggjfbL b[li6sf]0faf6 ul/g'kb{5 . kl/j]zsf] hfgsf/L lbOg\ . *% jif{ s f] kms]{kl5 pgn] ;g\ !(#& df ;fdgf u/]/ klg Jofks dhb'/–
Jojl:yt / k"0f{ agfpg g;s]s} sf/0f, vf]h / Jojl:yt / k"0f{ vf]hd"ns cWoogsf nflu dfS;{jfbL hLjgdf ^) jif{ ; Dd pgn] a]nfotdf ‘rLgsf] cfsfzdf /ftf] ls;fgsf] Gofo, ;ª\3if{, kl/jt{g,
cg';Gwfg;lxtsf] cWoog cefj ePs} sf/0f b[li6sf]0f h¿/L x'G5 . Oltxf;sf] ;xL cWoog, k|ultzLn kqsfl/tfdf cfkm"nfO{ tf/f’ k':ts k|sflzt u/] . ;f]xL cfGbf]ngsf ;dfrf/ ;°ng u/L
sfo{stf{sf] cWoognfO{ ;'wfg{ cWoIf dfcf]n] cu'jfO jt{dfgsf] ljZn]if0f / eljiosf] k|If]k0f dfS;{jfbL ;dlk{t ul/g\ . cGgfn] ;+;f/nfO{ k':tsaf6 pgL ljZj k|l;4 eP . k|rf/–k|;f/ ug'{kg]{ ;Gb]z gof“
ug'{eof] . ‘cf“vfdf kl6\6 af“w]/ eª\u]/f ;dfpg]’, b[li6sf]0faf6} ug'k{ 5{ egL k'l:tsfdf n]lvPsf] 5 . ¿;, rLg, leotgfd, sDaf]l8of, rLg / ;+/f cd]l/sfaLrsf] k':tfsf kqsf/x¿nfO{ lbPsf] 5 .
‘cGwf] dfG5]n] df5f ;dfpg]’ tl/sfsf] cWoog z}nLn] rLgsf] ;Gbe{df lrlgof“ qmflGt p2]Zo xf] eg] nfcf];\, :k]g, d]lS;sf]nufot
sfo{stf{sf] dl:tisdf 1fg gel/g] k|:6 lyof] . dfS;{jfbL–n]lggjfbL ljrf/ xltof/ xf] . sfo{stf{n] b] z df k' U bfsf P] l txfl;s
cWoogsf] Tof] z}nL kl/jt{gsf lglDt cWoIf dfcf]n] ;f] xltof/af/] /fd|f] cWoog gu/] k"jd{ f qmflGtsf] 36gfx¿af/] ljleGg k':ts, n]v
sfo{stf{nfO{ lzlIft agfpg'eof] . p2]Zo k"/f x'g uf¥xf] kYof]{ . To;sf/0f, dfS;{jfbL / lr7Lx¿dfkm{t hfgsf/L lbPsL
dfS;{, P“uN] ;, n]lgg / :tflngn] l;sfpg' ePem“} ;flxTo cWoog / j:t'k/s cWoog z}nLsf] ljsf;nfO{ l5g\ . cd]l/sfdf hGd]/ rLgsf]
kl/l:yltsf] Odfgbf/Lk"js { cWoog cfjZos 5 . hf]8 lbOof] . k]ls·df pgsf] lgwg eof] .
;fy}, j:t'k/s jf:tljstfsf] cfwf/df cWoog o;/L Ps sfo{stf{n] hyfefjL cWoog gu/L cd] l /sfsf] vfgbfgL /
cfjZos 5 . cWoogdf cfTdk/s z}nLn] ;TonfO{ Jojl:yt / ljifoj:t'sf] ulx/fOdf k'uL cWoog ;DkGg t/ k|ultzLn kl/jf/df
aª\Uofpg ;Sb5 . To;sf/0f, kl/l:yltsf] cWoog ug'k{ b{5 . efj'stfdf gauL ;TotYo / j:t'k/s hGd] s f hf] g /L8df dhb' /
j:t'k/s x'gk' b{5 tadfq ;Tosf] glhs k'Ug ;lsG5 oyfy{df ljZjf; ug]{ / j}1flgs cWoog z}nL cfGbf]ng / ;ª\3if{df nfu]kl5 dfq
eGg] ts{ 5 . cjnDag ug'{kb{5 . Ps sfo{stf{n] Oltxf;b]lv ljrf/df kl/kSjtf cfPsf] lyof] .
bf];f| ,] Oltxf;sf] uxg cWoog . ;of}“ jif{ k'/fgf] jt{dfg;Ddsf] kl/j]znfO{ dfS;{jfbL cf“vfn] ljZn]if0f pgL s'g} 36gfnfO{ 6f9}af6 x]//]
;do, kf}/fl0fs /f]dg ;Eotfb]lv lat]sf ;Dk"0f{ u/L eljiosf] tof/L ug'k{ g]{ ;Gb]z o; /rgfaf6 jf sf]7fdf a;]/ xf]Og ls jf:tljs
36gf–kl/36gf, ;Eotf, ;+:s[ltsf] cWoogn] jt{dfg ldN5 . o;/L cWoog ug{] sfo{stf{n] kf6L{ / 36gf / sf/0f kQf nufP/ dhb'/–
;dosf] ljZn]if0f ;xh aG5 . Oltxf;sf] cWoog qmflGtdf of]ubfg ug{ ;Sg] ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 . ls;fgnfO{ ;f“rf] / ;To–tYo s'/f
klg j:t'k/s, oyfy{k/s x'gk' b{5, cWoIf dfcf]sf] cWoIf dfcf]sf] ‘cWoognfO{ ;'wf/f}“’ eGg] ljrf/ atfpg] uy]{ . pgL t6:y kqsf/
/rgfn] oxL eG5 . cfTd;ft\ u/f}“ ¤ eP/ Gofosf] kIfdf snd
!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020)
(

sf]le8 – !( /f]syfd M ef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldf aGb ug'k{ g]{

eQmk' / . eQmk' / / ‘/ftf] emG8f v;fNg /ftf] emG8f lg/ª\s'ztflj?4 ultljlw ug{ e" s Dkdf cfxt eQmk' / sf
b]zsf] cy{tGq
gu/kflnsfåf/f j]lagf/dfkm{t
cfof]lht ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] lj/f]w
Pjd\ eT;{gf sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf
p7fpg]’ ¿kdf b]lvPsf] pNn]v
ug'x{ b“' } ;f+;b ;'jfnn] clxn] klg
;f]emfl;wfnfO{ n'6g\ ] / lgwf]n{ fO{ bdg
;lhnf] lyPg . To;sf/0f, kf6L{nfO{
;d"n gi6 ug{ /fHo:t/af6 if8\oGq
ul/Psf] xf] .Æ
hgtfdfly k~rfotL Joj:yfn]
bdg u/]sf] pNn]v ug'e{ of] .
hd{gLsf kmf;LjfbL zf;s
;/sf/sf] xftdf 5}g
;lrj Pjd\ ;f+;b k]d| ;'jfnn] ug]{ 5b\de]ifLx¿ oyfjt\ /x]sf] pkk| d ' v /hgL hf] z Ln] lx6n/n] ;+;b\ ejgdf cfunfuL g]kfndf lelqg] ljk|i] f0f / dg'k{ g{] 5}g . ;/sf/ pBf]uwGbf
lgjf{rgsf] qmflGtsf/L pkof]u, pNn]v ug'e{ of] . lzIff, ;+:s[lt / ;Dkbf ;+/If0fdf u/fO{ sDo'lg:6nfO{ bafpg] if8\oGq cfoft Jofkf/ a9\g' g]kfnsf] lxtdf rnfpg] gfddf skf{ ] / ] 6 x¿sf]
hf]tfxf ls;fgsf] kIfdf df]xLofgL k~rfotL /fHo:t/sf] g]dlskfsf] of]ubfg dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] u/]h:t} k~rfotL Joj:yfn] ‘eQmk'/ 5} g . o;n] sld;g vfg] pS;fOlt/ nfu] g]kfnL vfg gkfP/
xs, ekf{O{ / afnL sf6\g] cfGbf]ng, if8oGq ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] a]nf atfpg'eof] . sf08’ u/L g] d lskf bafpg] ljrf}lnofx¿nfO{ dfq kmfObf u5{ . dg{] lbg klg cfpg]5 .
ef/tLo Psflwsf/ k' “ h L / ljrlnt gePsf / ldqtfsf] xft egkf j8f g+= & sf j8fWoIf hfn;fhL u/]sf] ljrf/ /fVg'eof] .
lj:tf/jfbsf] lj/f]wdf g]kfnL e"ld a9fpg]x¿ g} ;Rrf ldq ePsf] ps]z sjf+n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] pxf“n] ;+/f cd]l/sfn] g} tof/ kf/]sf] clxn] g] k fndf ljrf} l nof g]kfnLx¿ j}bl] zs nufgLaf/]
;':tf /Iff cfGbf]ng, l;lSsddfly pNn]v ug'x{ b“' } pxf“n] b]z / hgtfsf] ;dodf k~rfotn] b]z}el/sf cftª\sjfbL ;d"xdfkm{t cfkm\g} ;+ : yfut¿kdf uf“ l hPsf] 5 . klg e|ddf kg{x' b“' g} . cl3Nnf] jif{
ef/tLo sAhfsf] lj/f]w, hgdt ;]jfdf nfu]sfx¿ ;°6df ljrlnt g]dlskfsf sfo{stf{nfO{ laufg]{ / 6\jLg 6fj/dfly cfqmd0f ug{ nufO{ :yfgLo tx, k|bz ] ;ef / ;ª\3Lo !# ca{ ^ s/f]8 ?k}of“sf] ljb]zL
;ª\ux| df ax'bnsf] kIfdf dtbfg gx'g] / zq';u“ clGtd bd;Dd nf] e df km;fpg] sfo{ u/] s f] ljZje/ o' 4 sf] cftª\ s ;+;b\sf ;Qf / k|dv ' k|ltkIfsf nufgL cfPsf]df ut jif{ !( ca{
cflb ultljlwb] l v tl;{ P sf] le8\g] atfpg'eof] . atfpg'eof] . sfo{ q mddf dRrfO/x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . hgk|ltlglwx¿ tyf ;/sf/sf $* s/f]8 ?k}of“ k'us ] f] /fi6« a}°sf]
k~rfotL ;/sf/n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ g]dlskfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o dGqL / d'Vo – d'Vo sd{rf/Lsf] bfaL 5 . ljb]zL nufgL;“u} ljb]zL
/r]/ g]dlskflj?4 em"6f Hofg d'2f Pjd\ k|bz ] g+ # sf ;f+;b ;'/G] b|/fh gfd hf]l8Psf] 5 . nufgL af]8s { f u'Ktr/ / ;]gf cfpg]tkm{ g]kfn
nufPsf] atfpg'ePsf] 5 . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] eT;{gf uf] ; fO{ n ] k| l tlqmofjfbL eGbf pkfWoIfdf Ps ljrf}lnof ;'zLn ;/sf/ ;r]t x'g cfjZos 5 .
k~rfotsf k|d, /fli6«o k|ltlqmofjfbL ;ª\3 ;:yfdf k;]/ e§sf] lgo'lQm g} o;sf] kl5Nnf] hnljB'td\ f j}bl] zs nufgL emg\
k~rfot cWoIf;d] t n] sf] l e8–!( ;ª\ q md0f egkf j8f g+ ( sf j8f cWoIf hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ g]dlskfsf] pbfx/0f xf] . vt/f 5 .
;fj{hlgs¿kdf ‘/f]lxtnfO{ kmf“;L /f]syfd ug{ ef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldf /jLGb| HofVj, sfo{kflnsf ;b:o gLltsf] sf/0f k~rfotL Joj:yf uPsf] ;fpg dlxgfdf () sf] l e8–!( ;ª\ q md0fsf]
b]’ gf/f nufPsf] x'b“ f ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ aGb ug'k{ g],{ ef/taf6 lkmtf{ ePsf /f]zgd}of“ ;'jfn, j8f g+= ^ sf ql;t ePsf] egfO /fVg'eof] . ca{ ?k}of“sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ljk|i] f0f cjlwdf s]xL lbgcl3 ;'gsf] d"No
k~rfotL /fHo:t/sf] if8\oGq g} g]kfnnLnfO{ l;dfgfdf Sjf/]lG6gsf] j8f ;b:o uf]ljGb b'jfn, j8f g+= pxf“n] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf]
ePsf] yk k'li6 x'g] pNn]v ug'x{ b“' } Joj:yf u/L ;ª\qmd0fd'Qm ePkl5 * sf j8f ;b:o k~rnIdL gfnfosL 9fs5f]k ug{ if8\oGqsf] cfPsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif k|lttf]nf ! nfv ?k}of“ k'¥ofOof],
;f+;b ;'jfnn] /fhgLlt b]z / dfq 3/ k7fpg' k g] { , j} b ] l zs b'jfnnufotn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ af/] af6f] lnPsf] eGb} b/af/ jl/kl/ pTkfbgsf] nflu caf{}“ ?k}of“n] clxn] 36\ b f] 5 . ljleGg
hgtfsf] Odfgbf/Lk"js { ;]jf ug]{ /f]huf/L aGb u/L g]kfnLnfO{ cf–cfk\mgf] cg'ej /fVg'ePsf] a:g] k~rx¿sf] unt /f;folgs dn cfoft ul/P klg sDkgLx¿sf] ;]o/ d"No ;'?df
If]q ePsf], s;}kl| t a]OdfgL ug'{ :jb] z df /f] h uf/L lbg' k g] { , lyof] . ;dembf/Lsf] sf/0f ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ s[lif pTkfbgdf g]kfn cfTdlge{/ emfl/of], clxn] a9fO“b} 5 . ;'g /
/fhgLlt geO{, a]OdfgL g} ePsf] ;x/leqsf cf} B f] l us If] q df O;fgåf/f ‘eQmk' / sf08sf] ePsf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . 5}g . jif{sf] vaf{“} ?k}of“sf] vfBfGg ;]o/sf] d"No tndfly x'gd' f klg
:ki6 kfg'e{ of] . /flvPsf ;z:q k|x/LnfO{ l;dfgfdf eT;{ g f’ O;fgsf s]Gb|Lo sf]iffWoIf cfoft ug'{kb{5 . s]xL lbgcl3 dflkmofx¿sf] xft 5 . g]kfnsf]
pxf“n] hft, efiff, If]qleq t}gfy ug'k{ g],{ vfBfGg ;°6 x6fpg ;+ : yfut ljBfno ;ª\ 3 ps]z sjf+n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] a]nf Pp6f ;dfrf/ k|;fl/t eof], ut cy{tGq clxn] ;/sf/sf] xftdf
klg ju{ x'g] ljifo g]jf/ bfjL u/]sf s[lif pTkfbg a9fpg'kg]d{ f hf]8 g]kfn -O;fg_ n] @)$% ebf} ( sf] g]dlskf ;lqmo ePsf] lhNnfdf cfjdf ?= !$ ca{sf] ds}dfq 5} g .
k| d dl/rdfg l;+ x >] i 7sf] lbg'xb“' } ;lrj ;'jfnn] rf/ dlxgf sfnf] lbg ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] bdg ePsf] pNn]v ug'x{ b“' } 36gfaf/] cfoft eof] . ;/sf/n] lghL c:ktfnnfO{
;/sf/åf/f ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ df cufl8 g} oL ;a} ljifo ;d]6/] k|d eT;{gfdf Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf s]xL yfx} gkfPsf dflg;nfO{ ljut jif{ d f ^) ca{ @) k|ltzt zo\of sf]le8– !(
g]dlskflj?4 bdg Pp6f yk s]kL cf]nLsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] u/]sf] 5 . Hofgd'2fdf km;fpg' if8\oGq g} ?k}of“sf] Jofkf/ x'g] ;jf/L ;fwg la/fdL pkrf/ ug{ 5'6\ofpg'kg{]
pbfx/0f ePsf] rrf{ ug'x{ b“' } pxf“n] atfpg'eof] . cgnfOgdf cfof] l ht ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxf“n] cfkm" laqmL o; jif{ ynf k/]sf] ;dfrf/ cfb]z lbof] . oxL a]nf gf]a]n
ju{ b[li6sf]0fcg';f/ k~rfot / sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmddf g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg h]ndf a:bf /fhgLlts aGbLsf]
clxn]sf] k'h“ LjfbL u0ftGqdf df}lns ;b:o Pjd\ gu/ k|d'v ;'lgn kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd\ g]kfn ¿kdf /xL cWoog tyf k|sflzt eof] . /]ld6\ofG;af6 lzIf0f c:ktfn lj/f6gu/sf
leGgtf gePsf], Joj:yf / zf;s k|hfkltn] k~rfotL Joj:yfdf k|fWofks ;dfhsf cWoIf ;/f]h/fh cGt/lqmofdf Jo:t ePsf] cg'ej k|fKt /sd ;jf/L ;fwg, OGwg cfsl:ds ;]jfsf %% hgf g;{n]
kfqdfq km] l /Psf] , o;} s f/0f g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{nfO{ uf];fO{n] ;fdGtL tyf k'“hLjfbL ;'gfpg'eof] . / kxf8 vf];|]/ ;8s agfpg vr{ JolQmut :jf:Yo ;'/Iff ;fdu|L
e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf lbg b'ug' f, k/f:t ug{ k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] 7"nf] /fHo;Qfn] if8\oGq u/]/ g} ;Qf sfo{qmddf O;fgsf cWoIf ug'{ b]zsf] lxtdf 5}g . ;8s k|aGw gePsf] x'“bf /fhLgfdf
/ft rf}ug' f a9]sf] atfpg'eof] . if8\oGq /r]sf] :d/0f ug'x{ b“' } ;w}“ l6sfpg] b'ik|of; ul//x]sf] rrf{ k|d] hg yfkf>]i7n] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] agfpg] lgx'“df lagfcg';Gwfg lbP .
ax'bn k'gM :yfkgfsf] #) ;Tosf] kIfdf pleg'kg{]df hf]8 ug'{eof] . ;dodf dWok'/df ;d]t bdg kxf8df 8f]h/ rnfOPsf]n] g} ;/sf/n] lghL c:ktfnnfO{
jif{otf ;/sf/df uPsf g]sf, Pdfn], lbg' e of] . pxf“ n ] eGg' e of] , pxf“n] ;Qfwf/Lx¿n] o'4, ePsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . klx/f] a9]sf] xf] . sf]le8 – !( la/fdL pkrf/sf]
dfcf]jfbLsf] ultljlw k~rfotsf] ætTsfnLg k~rfotL Joj:yfdf cfly{ s dGbL / e" s Dk tyf sfo{qmddf O;fg, eQmk'/ ef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldfsf] zo\of 5'§ofpgdfq cfb]z lbg]
eGbf km/s gePsf], k|hftGqjfbL n]lggjfbL gLltadf]lhd r'gfjdf dxfdf/Lh:tf k|fs[lts k|sf]kkl5 lhNnfsf cWoIf k'?iff]Qd Ujf5f / sf/0f g]kfndf sf]le8 – !( xf] O g, :jfYosdL{ s f] nflu
/ ‘sDo'lg:6’ sf] gfddf hgtfsf efu lnO{ sfdbf/ hgtfsf] kIfdf ljkIfLnfO{ bafpg if8\oGqx¿ ug{] pkfWoIf s[i0faxfb'/ k|hfkltn] klg ;ª\qmd0f /f]syfd x'g] k|Tofe"lt u' 0 f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;fdu| L
zq'x¿ ‘xl/of] 3f“;leq n'ss ] f] ;k{’ sfd ug{ / k~rfotL u/]sf] atfpg'xb“' } @)$% ;fnsf] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] . 5}g . tLg dlxgfsf] ns8fpg;“u} Joj:yfkg eP gePsf] klg
‘eQmk' / === k|jf;af6 ul/Psf] ;ª\3if{sf] k[ys\ ubf{ ljutsf cfk\mgf JolQmut 6fpsf] b'vfpmg\ ¤ zf]if0f, bdg, sf]le8 – !( /f]syfddf cln d2t cg'udg ug'{ cfjZos 5 .
k|jfx u¥of] . oftgf ef]Ubf xf];\ dxŒj /x\of] eGbf km/s gknf{ ¤ sdLsdhf]/L ;txdf cfpg] kL/ cGofo cTofrf/lj?4 af] N bf k'u]sf] lyof] . ha v's'nf] eof] b]z}el/ lghL ljBfnox¿
of cbfntsf] s73/fdf pleO“bf ;w}“ Pp6} /6fg <¤ s;}nfO{ ePdf cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{ g]dlskf s;}sf] cg'xf/ x]/L a:b}g ;ª\ q md0f a9\ o f] . olta] n f xhf/f} “ ;ª\ V ofdf 5g\ . tL
xf];\ lg/ª\s'ztGqsf] cGTo / s]xL s]xLn] #) jif{;Dd k] m l/ klg b] z / hgtfsf] of s'g} gfkmf3f6fsf] kjf{x ub}{g . pBf]uwGbf tª\lu|g] ck]Iff ug{ ljBfnosf sltko lzIfs /
k|hftGqsf] pbo, Gofosf] ljhosf] Pp6} 36gfaf/] g]dlskfn] /6fg Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ;]jfdf yk k|lta4 w] / } n fO{ 1ft ePs} s' / f xf] , ldNb}g . lzlIfsf – sd{rf/Lx¿n] r}t
cjZoDefJotfaf/] lge{osf ;fy nufof] egL l6Kk0fL u/]sf] ;d]t eP/ nfUg' >]o:s/ x'g]df b'O{dt g]dlskfsf] zAbsf]zdf ;}4flGts ;/sf/n] ePsf] v]tLnfO{ dlxgfb]lv tna kfPsf 5}gg\ .
ljrf/ cleJoQm u¥of] . ;'lgof] . Pp6f 36gfdf ¿dlnP/ gxf]nf ¤ ljrng eGg] zAb g} 5}g . cfjZos ;xof]u u/]df g]kfnL ef]s} ;/sf/ s] ub{} 5 <
kf6L{ cWoIf sf= /f]lxtn] ga:g ;Nnfx;d]t lbP . s;}n] cGTodf,
e]63f6 / cGo u'Kt pkfodfkm{t t 7"nf] dxŒjsf ;fy Jofks :d[lt lbj;, hGdhoGtL
/fhgLlts ;ª\3if{sf] k[i7e"ld tof/ 9·df 5nkmn grnfP x'GYof] eGg] cflb dgfpg' n fO{ xfdL s' g }
kfg'{eof] . hgcfGbf]ng s]Gb|Lo cfu|x ;d]t u/]sf] atfOof] . oL cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt /fVb}gf}“ .
kl/rfng ;ldlt -jfddf]rf{_ sf] s'/fn] b'O{–rf/ k|Zg t]:of{p“5 . k' “ h Lkltju{ n ] e} “ m dgf] / ~hg,
;b:osf] gftfn] k|hftGq k'gM To;f] eGg]x¿ ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ / xf]xNnf u/L hgtfnfO{ lbUe|ldt
:yfkgfsf nflu dfu{lgb]z { g tyf s'g} klg P]ltxfl;s 36gf of kfb}{gf}“ . a? /fhgLlts sIff,
pmhf{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . ebf} ( ;ª\3if{af/] hfgsf/L /fVb}gg\ / ;3g k| l zIf0f, cGt/lqmofdf
kZrft\ g]dlskfsf] 9f8 ef“lrPsf] /fVg] r] i 6f ub{ } g g\ . juL{ o kl/0ft u/L sfdbf/ju{sf] r]tgf
/ pNn]Vo e"ldsf c;Dej 3f]if0ff bdgaf/] ;d] t ;+ j ] b gzLntf :t/ tyf ;f+:s[lts :t/ clej[l4,
ug]{x¿nfO{ kmfu'g * ut] k'Ubf] b] v fpg] Ifdtf /fVb} g g\ . j}rfl/s :t/ j[l4df hf]8 lbG5f}“ .
hjfkm lbg g]dlskf ;kmn eof] . Oltxf;sf 36gf of ;ª\3if{af6 /fli6« o tyf cGt/f{ l i6« o
h] n aflx/ cyf{ t \ hg:t/af6 l;s]/ gof“ ;ª\3if{sf] cu'jfO ug]{ kl/l:yltaf/] hfgsf/ Pjd\ :ki6
k~rfotL bdg tyf dfldnfdf tL pbf;Lg 5g\ . zq' aGg] / agfpg] cj;/df kl/0ft
lg/ª\ s ' z tflj¿4 abnfsf] / ldq lrGg' / zq'lj¿4 ;ª\3if{ u5f}{“ . tL ljifo;“u ;DalGwt
efj;lxt g]dlskfsf sfo{stf{, ug'{ Pp6f lg/Gt/sf] k|lqmof xf] /rgf n] v g, k| s fzg tyf
ls;fg, dlxnf / o'jfx¿ h'emf¿ eGg]af/] hfgsf/L g/fVg' cfkm}“df cWoogdf hf]8 lbG5f}“ . uDeL/
9·df lqmofzLn eP . cfkm\gf lk|o bofnfUbf] ljifo xf] . juL{ o l;+ x fjnf] s g, ;dLIff Pjd\
lgbf]{if sfd/]8x¿nfO{ h]nd'Qm zq'x¿k|lt ;w}“ s8f x'g gx'g], cfTd;dLIff ub}{ ;ª\3if{nfO{ gof“
u/] / } 5f8\ g ] ;°Nksf ;fy lj/f]w Psrf]6L u/] k'luxfNof] / 9·df dfly p7fpg] tof/L u5f}{“
Zj]tcft°sf aLr klg ljleGg af/Daf/ lj/f]w u/L zq'sf] 3]/f . qmflGtsf/L efjgf tyf
ultljlwnfO{ rfn' /fv] . af}l4s lsg 7"nf] agfpg] of lbp“;} aQL k/Dk/fsf] lg/Gt/tfsf lglDt
;d'bfoaLr ce"tk"j{ Pstf ;d]t afn]/ zq' sdfpg] d"v{tf lsg ;t\k|of; hf/L /fV5f}“ .
tof/ eof] . k~rfotlj/f] w L ug] { eGg] ljrf/ pbf/tfjfbL g] d lskf ;xL ljrf/,
hgdt tof/ ug{ an k'Uof] . oL ljrf/ xf] . Tof] cfTd3ftL ljrf/ l;4fGt, ;RrfOsf lglDt /
ultljlw @)$^ ;fnsf] ;+o'Qm xf] . zq' / ldq lrGg] dfldnfdf sfdbf/ hgtfsf] lxt x'g] ljifodf
hgcfGbf]ngsf] k[i7e"ld ;flat vf] 6 of sdhf] / Ls} sf/0f #) jif{dfq xf]Og ;of}“ jif{;Dd
eof] eGg' klg clto'lQm gxf]nf . ;ª\ 3 if{ d f k/fho ef] U g' k g] { ;ª\3if{ ug{ tof/ 5 . b]z /
;fy}, b]zleqsf] oyfy{ cj:yf, Jofjxfl/s kIfdf a]jf:tf ug{ hgtfsf] lgM:jfy{ ;]jfs} lglDt
k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] jf:tljstf ;lsGg . k| l tlqmofjfbLx¿sf] g]dlskfsf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .
/ eQmk' / sf08af/] aflx/L lj/f]w tyf eT;{gf / ltgsf To; sfo{nfO{ s;}n] /f]Sg ;Sb}g .
;+ ; f/nfO{ cjut u/fpg ck/fw pbf·f] kfg]{ sfddf sf]xL dfS;{jfbL ljrf/, ;dfhjfb /
g] d lskfsf g] t f–sfo{ s tf{ n ] c;xdlt hgfp“5g\ eg] tL :jod\ ;fDojfbsf] ljifodf g]dlskfn]
k|jf;af6 u/]sf] ;ª\3if{ pNn]v k|ltlqmofjfbL x'g\ eGg' unt x'g] cys¿kdf af]ln/xg]5, n]lv/xg]5
gug' { cw" / f] x' g ] 5 . ef/t 5}g . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] :d/0f / ;ª\3if{ ul//xg]5, h;n] hlt;'s}
!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020)
;flxTo !)

Psfª\sL gf6s j8fWoIf 8fo/L

dflkmofsf] /fh wd{ t kl/jt{g ul/of] t/ === ===

lk|tL
-sf7df8f}s“ f] Pp6f a:tLsf k|fWofks, lrlsT;s, sd{rf/L ;f“em ^
/l;s
ah] Ps cfk;df hf]l8Psf] 3/sf] cf–cfkm\gf] sf};Ldf ;w}em} “ e]6 x'G5 . Pscfk;df
dlxgf lbgcl3 b'O{ hgf ;fyLsf] a'emfOdf s]xL ;d:of ePsf] cgf}krfl/s efiff klg k|of]u u5{g\
gd:sf/ u5{g\ ._
afn;vfx¿ j8f sfof{nodf dfg]“ . ul//x]sf] sfd Psl5g yf“tL eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . ;fj{hlgs
k|fWofks – æef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldf aGb gx'b“ f g]kfndf sf]le8–!( ;ª\qmd0f
cfP . sfo{sIfdf cGo :yfgLo sfof{nodf g} ceb| eOb]nfg\ eGg]
/f]syfd klg gx'g] eof] t x} ¤<Æ
cu| h x¿aLr ufO{h fqf kj{ /fv]/ cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv],“ æoxf“sf dfq 8/ lyof] .
lrlsT;s – æ;/sf/n] ;x/sf cf}Bf]lus If]q / dGqLx¿sf] ;'/Iffdf /x]sf hgtfn] efjf{rf]sf] P]ltxfl;s Wjfsf -
;~rfng;DaGwL 5nkmn æltdL afx' g x¿ af“r ] s f]
;z:q k|x/LnfO{ l;dfgfdf /fVg] atfPsf] rf/ dlxgf eof] . vf]O 9f] s f_ lgdf{ 0 f ubf{ ltdLn] uj{ ug] {
eO/x]sf] lyof] . sf]le8 – !( a]nf Ps k};f vr{ ug{ sGh':ofO“
clxn];Dd sfof{Gjog ePg ¤Æ
sd{rf/L – æ;/sf/leqsf kf6L{df kb / z'enfesf] nflu df/fdf/ 5 . k|dv '
sf] dxfdf/L km} l nPsf] cd]l/sfsf cflbjf;L gful/sx¿ h·nL ug] { , clg d/] k l5 j} t /0fL t/] /
cj:yfdf ufO{ h fqf kj{ n fO{ hLjg latfO/x]sf lyP, ljZjsf] zfg :ju{jf; eOG5 eg]/ ePe/sf] vr{
k|ltkIfL kf6L{ klg k'tnf h:t} 5, s'g} k|efjsfl/tf 5}g .Æ
;fdfGo cf}krfl/stfdf ;Lldt oxf“sf] kf“rtn] dlGb/ ag]sf] ;dodf u/fpg] cGwljZjf;L xf} ¤Æ
k|fWofks – æax'bnsf] tL; jif{otf ;QfkIf / k|d'v k|ltkIfsf] ultljlw
ug]{, kl/jf/sf ;b:o / s]xL
efua08fdf laTof] . xfdL sn]hdf ljBfyL{nfO{ cfly{s ;dfgtf /
cfkmGtdfq hDdf eO{ ufO{
cd]l/sL hgtf :jtGqtf cfGbf]ng n8\b} lg km]l/ ¤ æltd| f] kf]n vf]Ng gk/f];\
la/fdLsf] l;Q}df pkrf/
JolQmTj ljsf;df ;dfg cj;/ k|hftGq eg]/ k9fp“5f}“ . ?;df lyP . ltdLn] eg]sf ljsl;t b]zsf u/fOG5, wd{sf gfddf ljb]z 3'Dg
Pjd\ tfxfdrf nfg] t/
n]lgg g]tT[ jsf] af]Nz]ljs kf6L{n] lgjf{rgsf] qmflGtsf/L pkof]u
l3Gtfª\l3;L / gfrx¿ k|bz{g hgtf lxnf]d}nf]df lx“8]sf] ;dodf oxf“sf / 5fqj[lQdf k9\g kfOG5 eg]/ kfb/L
u/]sf] t/ d]G;]]ljsx¿ Toxf“sf] k'“hLjfbL ;/sf/sf] n'5fr'“8Ldf
nfu]sf] k9fp“5f}“ . g]kfndf clxn] d]G;]ljsx¿ g} b]Vg'k¥of], g]skf
gug]{ ljifodf ;a}hgf ;xdt hgtfn] af6f]df 9'ªu\ f / O“6f 5fk]sf ag]sf xf]Ogf} < dnfO{ yfxf gePsf]
k'/} g]sfsf] af6f]df uof] .Æ
ePsf lyof} “ . 5nkmnsf] lyP, 9n Joj:yf ldnfPsf lyP . /fO6 xf] / <Æ
qmddf ljleGg JolQmsf] bfh'efOn] xjfOhxfhsf] kl/sNkgf æhyfefjL gaf]n x} 6'Kk] .
lrlsT;s – æg]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]“ -/f]lxt_
cleJolQm pgLx¿n] klg gu/]sf] ;dodf oxf“sf hgtfn] jfo'kª\vL d}n] afpafh]sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/L of]
n] w]/} cufl8 g} k'h“ LjfbL ;/sf/df uPsf sDo'lg:6x¿ efOsfª\u;|]
;'lg/x]sf lyP . wd{ d f uPkl5 ltdLx¿n] h:t}
ePsf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/df uPsf oxf“sf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf]
5nkmnkl5 :yfgLo hxfh cfsf;df p8fPsf] ;flxTo wd{sd{sf] gfddf s';+:sf/ cª\ufNg
n]lggjfb t vfcf]jfbdf kl/0ft eof] ¤Æ n]lv;s]sf lyP . ca eg s'g b]zn] klg k/]g / rf8kj{sf] gfddf w]/}
cu|hx¿nfO{ labfjf/L u/L
sd{rf/L – æxfdL sd{rf/Lx¿ klg ax'bnkl5 s]xL kl/jt{g x'g] ck]Iffdf
;fyLx¿nfO{ lrof v'jfOof] . klxnf ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] lyof], s'g vr{ ug{ klg k/]g .Æ
lyof}“ . kl5 ;/sf/L kf6L{sf] 6]«8 o'lgogdf nfu]kl5 lau]|sf
xf}“ . s] ug'{ ;?jf–a9'jfsf] lglDt ;/sf/L kf6L{sf sd{rf/L
lrofsf] r':sL ln“b} klxnf] b]z klxnf ;d[4 lyof] <Æ æwd{ kl/jt{ g u/] k l5
;fyLn] eGof], æxfd|f] ;dfh clxn] g} ;dfhdf PlSnPsf 5f} kfb/L
aGg}k¥of] ¤Æ
slxNo} dfly gp7\g] eof] x} ¤ ¤ ef]ln cfkt\ kbf{ uf¥xf] xf]nf lg ¤ a]n}df ljrf/ u/];\ ¤Æ
k|fWofks – æToxL t ;+ljwfgdf /f]huf/bftfsf nflu zf/Ll/s jf af}l4s sfo{
klZrdL ;dfh PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] klg @) cf}“ jif{df ædnfO{ ltdLx¿sf] cGwljZjf;L ;dfh rflx“b}g
ug]{ >ldsn] dfq 6]8« o'lgog vf]Ng] / ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg] clwsf/
kfOnf 6]Sb} 5, lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;df lgs} cl3 6'Kk] . d]/f]df t y'k|} rr{ / d08nsf ;fyLx¿ cfp“5g\,
5, t/=== .Æ
al9;s]sf] 5 . xfd|f] ;dfh eg] !* cf}“ ztfAbLsf] ufO{hfqf, ;a} ;xof]u u5{g\ . dbf{kbf{ ltgLx¿ eP k'luxfN5 ¤Æ
lrlsT;s – æs] ug'{ xfdL :jf:YosdL{ klg ;/sf/L kf6L{s} kl5 nfUg'kg]{
l3Gtfª\l3;L / tfxfdrfs} jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf] 5 . ljsl;t æw]/} 3d08 gu/ x} kfb/L ¤Æ
cj:yf 5 . /fli6«o lrlsT;f cfof]u u7g u/L s/f]8f}s “ f] rnv]ndf
b]zsf dflg;x¿ Eofu'tf]em}“ plk|m/x]sf 5g\, xfdL zª\v]ls/f ;fyLx¿sf] cfk;L ljjfbn] rsf]{ ¿k lng vf]h]sf]
k"jf{wf/ g} gePsf lghL d]l8sn sn]hnfO{ Pd8Lsf] sf]6f ljt/0f
hlt klg 3l;|/x]sf 5}gf}“ ¤Æ cg'ej eof] . tTsfn b'j} ;fyLx¿nfO{ zfGt /xg cfu|x
eO/x]sf] 5 . lghLs/0f;“u} g]kfnsf] a}ªl\ sª\u, lzIff / :jf:Yo
æof] t xfd|f] ;+:s[lt xf] lg ;fyL ¤ ;+:s[ltn] xfd|f] u/]“ . k| ;· df]8\b} d}n] b'j}sf] 3/kl/jf/sf] cj:yfaf/]
;]jf ax'dt hgtfsf] lj/f]wdf 5 .Æ
kl/ro af]s]sf] x'G5, o;n] tTsfnLg ;Eotf / xfd|f] ljut hfgsf/L lnP/ labfjf/L u/]“ .
k|fWofks – æxfdL t k|fWofks eGg} nfh nfUg] l:ylt 5 . xfdLn] k9fPsf g}
atfp“5 . k'vf{n] 5f]8]/ uPsf oL w/f]x/x¿ t hf]ufpg'k5{,Æ wd{sf] s'/f lg:sgf;fy la/fnf] / d';fem}“ emu8f
dGqL, ;f+;b, ;lrj, clws[t 5g\ . e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf
j8f ;lrjn] NofPsf s]xL kqx¿df b:tvt ub}{ d}n] ;fyLsf] ug]{ tL ;fyLx¿ cl3kl5 eg] 9's'/sf] hf]8Lem}“ ldN5g\ ¤
a9]s} 5 . gfd h] /flvP klg g]kfndf klg cd]l/sf / a]nfotdf
egfOk|lt ;fdfGo k|lts[of hgfP“ . sfof{noaf6 b'j}hgf xft ;dfp“b} aflx/ lg:s]sf lyP .
h:t} ‘skf]{/]6 kf6L{’ sf] ;/sf/ eof] . htftt} dflkmofsf] /fh
æsxf“ To;f] eg]/ x'G5 < ;+:s[lt eg]/ h·nL o'udf dlxgf lbgcl3sf] k|;· oxf“ o;sf/0f sf]6\ofP“ ls
5 .Æ
kms{g] t < c]d]l/sf, hfkfgn] ;fgf] sDKo'6/sf] ;xf/fn] cfh laxfg ;a]/} ‘kfb/L’ ;fyLsf] >LdtLsf] lgwg ePsf]
sd{rf/L – æ;/sf/df uPsf kf6L{ g]tfx¿n] af6f] la/fPkl5 xfdL sd{rf/Ln]
ljZjnfO{ lgoGq0f ul//x]sf] a]nf xfdL eg] pxL afhf, pxL va/ kfP“ . ‘6'Kk]’ ;fyLnfO{ p;s} 3/af6 df]6/;fOsndf
klg af6f] la/fpg'k¥of] . ;/sf/L g]tT[ jsf] OR5fzlQm gx'b“ f dlxnf
gfr, pxL O“6f–9'·fn] 5fk]sf] af6f] / pxL d7–dlGb/ eg]/ /fv]/ b'j}hgf c:ktfn bf}l8of}“ . c:ktfnsf] d"n u]6df
cf]8f/df 5fp a;]sf] ;dfrf/ 5flkof] .Æ
a;]sf 5f}“ . xfdL slxn] ljsl;t b]zsf gful/s x'g] x“ <Æ ‘kfb/L’ PSn} /f]O/x]sf] lyof] .
lrlsT;s – æToxL t emfkfdf Eo" 6fj/ aGb} 5, ha ls bdssf hgtf :jf:Yo
;fyLsf] a'emfOdf s]xL ;d:of ePsf] dfg]“ . ul//x]sf] ‘kfb/L’n] 36gf ljj/0f atfof], æ/flt ;'lt/x]sf]
;d:of eP ls l;nu9L ls sf7df8f}“ wfpg'k5{ . x'Dnf–h'Dnfsf
sfd Psl5g yf“tL /fv]/ cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]“, æoxf“sf hgtfn] dfG5] crfgs p7]/ l/·6f nfUof] elgg\ . Psl5g a]8d}
hgtfn] u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg] slxn] <Æ
efjf{rf]sf] P]ltxfl;s Wjfsf -9f]sf_ lgdf{0f ubf{ ltdLn] uj{ cf/fd ul/g\ . d}n] xft ;dfP/ pgnfO{ zf}rfno nfg
k|fWofks – æo;kfln cl;gfn] :ofp pTkfbg %) k|ltzt 36\of] t/ h'Dnf,
ug]{ cd]l/sfsf cflbjf;L gful/sx¿ h·nL hLjg latfO/x]sf vf]Hbf e¥ofªdf lrlKnP/ b'j}hgf g/fd|/L n8\of{“] . dnfO{
sflnsf]6df pTkflbt Tolt :ofp klg sf7df8f}“ Nofpg] aGbf]j:t
lyP, ljZjsf] zfg oxf“sf] kf“rtn] dlGb/ ag]sf] ;dodf ;fdfGo rf]6dfq nfUof], t/ pgsf] 6fpsf] 9nfg ul/Psf]
5}g . h'Dnfd} !) xhf/ x]S6/;Dd :ofp v]tL x'g] xf] t/ # xhf/
cd]l/sL hgtf :jtGqtf cfGbf]ng n8\b} lyP . ltdLn] eg]sf l;“9Ldf ahfl/of] / pgL a]xf]; eOg\ .Æ p;n] olt dfq
x]S6/ klg ePsf] 5}g . s[lifdGqL klg 9“6'jf /}5g\ ¤Æ
ljsl;t b]zsf hgtf lxnf]d}nf]df lx“8]sf] ;dodf oxf“sf eGg gEofp“b} uxel/ cf;“' el/of] .
sd{rf/L – æg]kfndf @@ hftsf] ;'Gtnf kmN5 . ljZjs} u'0f:t/Lo ;'Gtnf
hgtfn] af6f]df 9'ª\uf / O“6f 5fk]sf lyP, 9n Joj:yf Tolta]nf ‘kfb/L’n] c¿ s]xL ;f]Rg ;s]g, rr{sf
g]kfnsf] /}5 ¤ k~rfotnfO{ tL; jif{ lj/f]w u/]sf bnsf ;/sf/x¿n]
ldnfPsf lyP . /fO6 bfh'efOn] xjfOhxfhsf] kl/sNkgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ dfq 8fSof] . xfdL jf 6f]nsf bfh'efOnfO{
a;{l] g caf“{} ¿k}of“sf] kmnkm'n cfoft ub}{ 5g\ .Æ
gu/]sf] ;dodf oxf“sf hgtfn] jfo'kª\vL hxfh cfsf;df ;Demg] si6 u/]g jf egf}“ Tolta]nfsf] kl/l:yltdf p;n]
lrlsT;s – æPs lrlsT;s eP/ d tkfO{ “x¿dfkm{t ;a};“u cfu|x u5'{–
p8fPsf] ;flxTo n]lv;s]sf lyP . ca eg s'g b]zn] klxnf xf];\ k'¥ofpg ;s]g .
sf]le8–!( ;ª\qmd0f b]lvPsf] ^ dlxgf gf£of] . of] efO/;
ljsf;sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] lyof], s'g b]z klxnf ;d[4 lyof] <Æ rr{ s f dfG5] x ¿ x' n af“ w ] / cfPsf /x] 5 g\ .
ut jif{sf] ;]K6]D a/d} cd] l /sfsf] xjfO{ 6fk" d f b] l vPsf] xf] .
b:tvt u/]sf sfuhftx¿ sfof{no ;xof]uLnfO{ lb“b} la/fdLsf] gf8L 5fd]5g\ dfq} . To;kl5 la/fdLnfO{
To;a]nf ;fdfGo ?3fvf]sL egL a]jf:tf ul/of], clxn] ;+;f/e/
d}n] d]/f ldqnfO{ eg]“, æoxf“sf k|frLg 9'·]wf/f, ;Qn, kf6L rf/}lt/af6 3]/]/ ;a}hgf k|fy{gf ul/a;]5g\ . la/fdLsf]
km} l nof] . k|fWofks ;f’an] eGg'ePh:t} of] efO/; ;ª\qmd0f /f]Sg
eTsfP/ ;8s kLr u/]kl5 dfq ljsf; x'g] xf] / < oxf“sf cj:yf a'em\g] / c:ktfn nUg] s'/} u/]g5g\ . k|fy{gf
ef/t;“usf] v'nf ;Ldf aGb ug'k{ 5{, g]kfnLnfO{ :jb]zdf /f]huf/L
nfvf}“ /f]kgL pj{/ e"lddf Ps}rf]6L 8f]h/ rnfP/ cUnf – u/]kl5 lgsf] x'G5 eGg] ljZjf;df a;]sf /x]5g\ ¤ 306f}“
lbg' k 5{ . To;afx] s ;ª\ q md0faf6 aRg ;' / Iffsf pkfo
cUnf 9nfg 3/ ag]kl5 ljsf; x'g] xf] < ls k]l/; 8f“8f, k|fy{gf ubf{ klg la/fdL xf];df gcfPkl5 c:ktfn nluof] .
ckgfpg'kb{5 . ;ª\qmldt la/fdL / la/fdLsf] pkrf/df ;+nUg
:jL6\h/NofG8 8f“8f / bflh{lnª xfO6 gfd /fv]kl5 ljsf; 8fS6/n] ‘kfb/L’nfO{ >LdtL kf“r 306f cufl8 g} lat]sf]
:jf:YosdL{x¿nfO{ lje]b ug'{x'“b}g .Æ
elgg] xf] <Æ 7x/ ub}{ kf]:6df6{d ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf /x]5g\ . xTofsf]
k|fWofks – æof] efO/;sf] ;ª\qmd0f a9] s]xL g]kfnLdfq 3/sf] cfO;f]n;] gdf a:g
æj8fWoIf;“u s'/f u/]/ sxf“ lhTg ;lsPnf / < d]/f] cfzª\sf ul/Psf] h:tf] nfUof] .
;Sg] l:yltdf 5g\ . o;sf/0f, of] /f]uaf6 klg ul/j w]/} db}{ 5g\ .Æ
l/; rflx“ oL 6'Kk] afx'g;“u xf] Sof ¤Æ ;“u} /x]sf] ;fyLnfO{ ‘kfb/L’ n] ‘6'Kk]’sf] xft hf]8;“u ;dfTof] / eGof],
sd{rf/L – æsf]le8–!( /f]syfd klg dflkmof kf]:g] lgx'“ ag]sf] 5 . ;a} yfxf
rf]/ cf}“nf b]vfp“b} p;n] Joª\Uo u¥of], æwd{sf] gfddf >f4 æd jf:tjd} wd{df cGwf] ePsf] lyP“ . d} n ] ;dod}
kfP/ klg af]Ng ldNb}g . ca ;f“emsf] vfgf vfg] ;do eof], 5'6f}“ ¤Æ
u/fpg], bfg blIf0ff lng], 5'jf5"t / e]befj ug]{, b]jtf / ltdLx¿nfO{ af] n fPsf] eP jf >LdtLnfO{ c:ktfn
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/fIf;sf s'/f u/]/ cGofo ug]{ oL afx'gx¿n] of] ;dfhnfO{ NofOk'¥ofPsf] eP cfh of] lbg b]Vg kb}{gYof] xf]nf ¤ d}n]
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uhn rln/x]sf] ;fyL s8\lsof], æclxn]sf] h:tf] ;+ljwfg / cbfnt lyof] t/ p;sf] kL8fbfoL /f]bg b]v]/ xfdL af]Ng ;s]gf}“ .
gePsf] ;dodf tTsfnLg ;dfhnfO{ cg'zf;gdf /fVg ‘kfb/L’nfO{ ;xfg'e"lt lbg] afx]s xfdL;“u pkfo lyPg .
agfOPsf] lgod x'g\ tL ;a} ¤ ca t ;do;“u} w]/} s'/f lgs} ;dokl5 6f]nsf s]xL cu|hx¿ c:ktfn
s[i0fs'df/ j}B ablnPsf 5g\ lg ¤ xfdLn] eGbf ltdL kfb/Lx¿n] w]/} e]befj cfOk'u] . pgLx¿;“u} ‘kfb/L’sf] tLg jifL{o 5f]/f klg
b'Mv lhnf] u/]/ b'O{ 5fs vfPs} 5 . ysfO df/]/ >dsf] uLt ufPs} 5 . u5f}{ x} ¤ geP cl:tdfq cd]l/sfdf sfnf hfltsf hh{ lyof] . aRrfsf] skfn d' 0 8g ul/Psf] lyof] .
gª\uf| lvofP/ sfdwGbf lg EofPs} 5 . k\\mnf]o8nfO{ lgd{dtfk"j{s lsg dfYof}{ / < xfdLeGbf a9L 6f] n jf;Lx¿n] 5f] / fnfO{ 6f] n s} dlGb/df a| t aGwsf]
kl/ro af]Sof 5 cfk\mg} v'Nnf kfgf ;/L, e"tk|]t clg k"j{ hGd / k'gh{Gddf ljZjf; ug]{ ltdLx¿ g} cf}krfl/stf k"/f u/]/ d[ts cfdfsf] nf;df bfuaQL
kl;gf r'xfO{ vfgfsf] hf]xf] ug'k{ 5{, el/ofsf] lrGx yfKnf]df gfDnf] nfPs} 5 . t xf} . d ;+:s[t efiffsf] ljBfyL{ eg]/ x]k]sf xf}nf, d}n] lbg tof/L u/fPsf lyP .
t} klg ;'vsf] cfzf dgdf 5fPs} 5 . /fdfo0f, j]b, uLtf dfq xf]Og, ltdLx¿sf] afOan klg k9]sf] ‘kfb/L’ df}g lyof] . ‘6'Kk]’ / d}n] yk ;Demfpg
uf¥xf] ef] eGb}g, slxNo} lxDdt xfb}g{ , 5', lqlk6s / s'/fg klg k9\g yfn]sf] 5' . s] km"lt{ u5f}{ <Æ cfjZos 7fg]gf}“ . c:ktfnaf6 d[tssf] zj a'em]/ :yfgLo
kl/>d u/]/ nvt/fg kbf{ lg, sfdn] dhb'/ egL bhf{ kfPs} 5 . afNosfnb]lv ;“u} x's]{–a9]sfn] pgLx¿ Ps cfk;df ;+:sf/cg';f/ g} 3f6df hnfOof] .
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kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLx¿ vt/fdf 5g\ .
xfdL ;a} Ps 7"nf] ljgfzsf] ;'?cftL
cj:yfdf 5f}“ . tkfO{“x¿ s]jn k};f /
sfNklgs cfly{s ljsf;sf] af/]df s'/f
k'h“ Ljfb g} hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/s ¤ t/, rLg / /l;oflj?4 n8\g csf]{ @%
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va{ cd]l/sL 8n/ nufgL u/]sf] 5 .Æ
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< sl/a #) jif{bl] v lj1fgn] :ki6;“u /fhf, a}ªs \ /, Jofkf/Lx¿n] sNkgftLt wg cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f ul/G5 . k|ToIf¿kdf pQm ;Demf} t fkl5 klg cGt/f{ l i6« o cd]l/sL ljåfg gf]d rf]D:sLn]
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p4[ t egfO ;g\ @)!( sf] pklgj]zsf] ljsf; eof], pklgj]zaf6 ;|ft] sf] bf]xg ug's { f ;fy} To; b]zsf] ahf/ &! k|ltzt k|bi" f0f kmfN5g\ . s'n k|bi" f0fsf] h:tf b'O6f vt/fsf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf]
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l v Uof; -sfa{ g 8fOcS;fO8_ pT;h{g qmflGtsf g]tf lkm8]n Sof:6«fn] ] eGg'ePsf]
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k[YjLsf xhf/f}“ k|hfltsf] cl:tTj kfof] . sRrf kbfy{ / ahf/sf] lglDt l8u| L ;] l N;o; al9;s] s f] 5 . clxn] s } cle;lGwdf ;+
/ f cd] l/sfn] x:tfIf/ u/]/ k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ljgfzk|lt s;}n] klg
;bfsf] lglDt nf]k x'g] t/v/df 5 . ljleGg b] z dfly cfqmd0f tyf lgoGq0f ultdf tfkqmd j[ l 4 x' g ] xf] eg] of] klg cg' d f] b g u/] g . @)!& df cd]l/sL ;f]r]sf] lyPg . xhf/f}“ k':tfdWo]sf s;}n]
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k|hflt nf]k x'g] qmd c¿ tLj| ePsf] x' g uof] . ;] lN;o;;Dd tfkqmd a9\ g ] j} 1 flgsx¿n] lemSg] lg0f{ o u¥of] . ljZjJofkL tfkqmd lyPgg\ .Æ ef/tsf jftfj/0f cleoGtf
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l usLs/0fsf] ;dosf] aGbgf lzjn] hª\unsf] kfl/l:yltsLo
dfgjsf] cl:tTj;d]t ;ª\s6df k/]sf] kIfx¿sf] :jtGqtf x'G5 t/ ;fd|fHojfbdf a9]df o;n] lxdfnsf] lxp“ klUnP/ ;d'bL| t'ngfdf @ l8u|LeGbf tn /fVg] / cem k|0ffnL -Osf]l;:6d_ ;dfKt kf/L hLjsf]
5 . oL ;a}sf] k5fl8 jftfj/0f Pjd\ /fHo k"0f{¿kdf ljnosf] cj:yfdf x'G5 . ;tx a9\g5 ] , sltko b]z / ;x/ ;d'bd| f ;Dej eP;Dd !=% l8u|LeGbf tn /fVg af;:yfg Wj:t kfl/Ps}n] ;ª\qmfds /f]u
k|sl[ tsf] ljgfz d'Vo sf/0f xf] eGg] ;f]emf] n] lggn] ;fd| f HojfbnfO{ k' h
“ Ljfbsf] pRrtd 8' A g] 5 g\, af¥x} df; aUg] gbLsf] d'xfg k|oTg ug]{ ;xdltdf ! ;o (& b]zn] b]vfk/]sf] ts{ ul5{g\ .
pQ/ cfpg;S5 . t/, of] ;ª\s6sf] d'Vo ¿k eGg' e Psf] 5 . klxnf] / bf] ; | f ] la:tf/} ;' S b} hfg] 5, nfvf}“ dflg; ;xdlt hgfPklg ! ;o %! /fi6«n] dfq ‘dGy\nL l/Eo'’ klqsfdf n]vs hf]g
sf/s eg] k'“hLjfb g} xf] . ljZjo' 4 ;fd| f HojfbL ;Qf :jfy{ s f] kl/0ffd lj:yflkt x' g 5
] g\ , st} v8]/L t st} clt ;Demf} t f cg' d f] b g u/] s f 5g\ . df]lng]cS;n] k'h“ Ljfbdf s]xL ;'wf/ NofP/
of] cfljisf/ xf] ls n"6 ¤ lyof] . o'4sf] gfddf cf0fljs xltof/sf] jiff{ x'g]5 . cd]l/sfsf 7"nf sDkgLsf] af]nLdf nf]nL hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ /f]Sg g;lsg] ts{
;g\ !$*$ df lqm:6f]km/ sf]nDa; xf] 8 afhL eof] . o;} l;nl;nfdf k[ YjLnfO{ ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ;ª\ 3 sf dxf;lrj ldnfp“b} cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 6«Dkn] hnjfo' u5{g\ . pgsf] egfO 5 – æk'“hLjfbn]
k"jL{ Pl;ofsf] Jofkfl/s dfu{ kQf nufpg s} o f} “ k 6s Wj:t ug{ ;lsg] cf0fljs u' 6 /
] ;
] sf] egfO o:tf] 5 – æk[ Y jLsf] a9\ b f] kl/jt{ g Pp6f ckmjfx dfq} xf] eg]/} k|s[lts} bf]xg u/L k'“hL y'kf5{ . t]n,
cfly{s ;xof]usf] k|:tfj lnP/ kf]ru{' nsf xltof/ aGof] . Pp6} adsf] k| x f/af6 tfkqmd lgoGq0fsf nflu vlgh OGwgsf] lgjf{ r g lht]sf lyP . cfkm" /fi6«klt Uof;, sf]Onfh:tf ‘kmf]l;n km\o'n’ sf]
/fhf;dIf uP . ofqf vt/gfs / dxª\uf] s/f] 8 f} “ hLjhGt' n ufot nfvf} “ dflg; k| o f] u nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ' k 5{ . olb o;f] lgjf{ lrt ePdf k]l/; ;Demf}tfaf6 aflxl/g] k|of]u u/]/} k'“hLjfb cufl8 a9]sf] xf] .
lyof] . hxfh, cfjZos ;fdu|L / hxfhL dfl/P . lx/f] l ;df / gfuf;fsLh:tf 7" n f ul/Pg eg] xfdL Pp6f k| n osf/L s' / f klg atfPsf lyP . o:tf jfo' k|bi" fs pmhf{;f| t] dflysf] lge{/tf
sd{ r f/Lsf] kfl/>ldssf] Joj:yf ;x/;d] t dfq Ps–Ps j6f adaf6 k" 0f{t M cj:yfaf6 cGTo x' g ] 5 f} “ . xfd| f ] -dfgj ljZjdf &! k| ltzt k|bi" f0f km}nfpg] p;n] /f]Sg} ;Sb}g .Æ
ug'{kYof]{ . nufgL lkmtf{ cfpg] s'/f Wj:t eP . leotgfd, sf]l/of o'4n] hutsf]_ cl:tTj g/xg ;S5 .Æ !)) v/fa sDkgLdWo] kf“rf}“ :yfgdf kg]{ 8f= d]/L 8];g k'h “ Ljfbn] kof{j/0f
lglZrt lyPg . t;y{, kf]r'{unsf /fhfn] c;Lldt hª\ u n tyf dfgja:tL v/fgL cf} B f] l us qmflGtb] l v k[ Y jLsf] Ps cd]l/sL ax'/fli6«o sDkgL ‘PS;f]g’ sf] Wj:t kf/]sf] elG5g\ . pgsf] egfO 5,
k|:tfjnfO{ c:jLsf/ u/] . t/, sf]nDa;n] agfof] . k|fs[lts t]nsf] lglDt ePsf jfo'd08ndf y'lk|Psf] cTolws sfa{g 9f“6af/] Pp6f pbfx/0f /fVg' ;fGble{s xf]nf . æk'h“ Ljfbsf] clGtd ;f; /x'Gh]n o;nfO{
xf/ vfPgg\ . pgL O6fnL, k| m fG;, O/fs, O/fg, l;l/of, lnlaof, 8fOcS;fO8, sfa{ g df] g f] c S;f8, t]n tyf Uof; pTkfbg ug]{ PS;f]gn] u/]sf] sfod g} /fVg] xf] eg] xfd|f] k[YjL dflg;
a]nfotx'b“ } k'gM kf]ru{' nsf zf;s;dIf ckmuflg:tfg o'4 ;a} ;fd|fHojfbs} Snf] / f] k m\ n f] / f] sfa{ g nufot cg] s Ps cWoogaf6 hnjfo' kl/jt{g x'g] s'/f a:gnfos /xg] 5} g eGg] j} 1 flgs
k'u] . x/]sk6s pgsf] k|:tfj c:jLs[t kl/0ffd x' g \ . zlQmzfnL /fHon] xflgsf/s Uof;n] ubf{ jfo'd08n hLjsf] %) jif{cufl8 g} kQf nfu]sf] t/ To;nfO{ cWoogn] k' l i6 ul/;s] s f] 5 .Æ
eof] . pgn] :k]g;“u cfkm\gf] ‘efUo’ sdhf]/dfly ank"j{s k|e'Tj hdfpg] lglDt k|lts"n ag]sf] xf] . k[YjLsf hLjsf] n'sfOPsf] ‘n;PGh]N; 6fOD;’ klqsfn] ;flxTosf/ afNhfsn] æk|To]s ljzfn
k/LIf0f ug]{ k|of; u/] . geGb} /fgL ;fd|fHojfbL o'4 g} ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hutsf] ;'/Iff sjrsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] cf]hg txdf k|sflzt u¥of] . PS;f]gn] cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg ;DklQsf] k5fl8 s'g} g s'g} ck/fw n'ss ] f]
O;fa] N nf sf] n Da;sf] dxŒjfsfª\ I fL ;aeGbf vt/f xf] . klg jfo' k|bi" f0fs} sf/0f Kjfn kb}{ 5 / ;fj{hlgs ug'{ t stf xf] stf pN6f] hnjfo' x'G5Æ eg]em}“ k'h “ Ljfbn] ljut rf/–kf“r
of] h gfdf nufgL ug{ /fhL eOg\ . n]lggn] ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ Psflwsf/ o;} a f6 k[ Y jLsf] ;tx;Dd k' U g] kl/jt{g x'b“ g} egL ‘k|kUofG8’ ug{ s/f]8f}“ ;o jif{ d f k| s [ l tsf] cTolws bf] x g
kl/0ffdtM sf]nDa;n] cd]l/sf cfljisf/ k' h
“ Ljfb;d] t eGg'ePsf] 5 . k'h “ Lsf] clt cN6«fefof]n]6 ljls/0fsf] sf/0f hLj 8n/ vr{ u¥of] . To; sDkgLn] hnjfo' ul/;s]sf] 5 / 8];gsf] zAbdf k'h“ Ljfbn]
u/] . s] G b| L s/0f, k' “ h Lsf] lgof{ t / k'“hLjfbL hutsf] cl:tTj ;dfKt x'g] l:ylt 5 . kl/jt{g x'b“ g} egL bfjL ug]{ /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ k[YjLnfO{ dflg; af“Rg of]Uo g/xg]
cd]l/sfsf] cfljisf/n] ubf{ pQ/ b]
z x¿aLr Pstfsf] lglDt e" d 08nLs/0f, cf]hg txdf ePsf] Ifltsf] sf/0f ;g\ cfly{s ;xof]u ug]{ sfd u¥of] . 6«Dk ltg} cj:yflt/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
/ blIf0f cd]l/sfdfly cflwkTo hdfpg pbf/Ls/0f / lghLs/0fh:tf gLlt @)#) ;Dddf @^ k|ltzt afnLdf Iflt g]tfdWo] Ps x'g\ . ljZjnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{ g sf]
:k]gnfO{ af6f] v'Nof] . :k]gn] cd]l/sfdf lnOof] . k| T oIf x:tIf] k , o' 4 sf] wDsL, k' Ug] k|If]k0f klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . dGy\nL l/Eo'df k|sflzt ‘k'h“ Ljfbn] ;ª\ s 6df k' ¥ ofpg] gfkmf, k| l t:kwf{ ,
;'g / rf“bLsf] vfgL pTvgg ug{ yfNof], gfsfaGbLb]lv cfqmd0f;Ddsf 36gf ;g\ @)!% sf] gf]eD] a/df k|mfG;sf] xfd|f] xTof ub}{ 5, xfdLn] g} o;nfO{ ;dfKt c;dfgtf / em"6sf] v]tL ug]{ k'h“ Ljfblj?4
pv' / ;'tL{sf] v]tL yfNof] . o;/L cd]l/sL bf] x f] l //x] s f 5g\ . /fhwfgL k] l /;df ePsf] hnjfo' kfg'{ k5{’ zLif{ssf] Ps n]vdf n]vs g} jftfj/0fjfbLx¿sf] d' 2 f s] l Gb| t
k| f s[ l ts ;| f ] t ;fwgdflysf] o' / f] k ] n L k' “ h Ljfbsf] csf] { gof“ ¿k kl/jt{ g ;DaGwL ;+ o ' Q m /fi6« ; ª\ 3 Lo 8\oflgon 6fOn/n] n]v ] s
] f] egfO oxf“ /fVg' x'g'k5{ . hnjfo' kl/jt{g /f]Sg Joj:yf
clgolGqt bf]xgsf] ;'?cft eof] . hª\un gjpklgj] z jfbdf s' g } b] z sf] ;a} e Gbf ;Dd] n gdf Pp6f dxŒjk" 0 f{ ;Demf} t f pko' Q m xf] n f – æljZj k'h“ Ljfbsf] g]tT[ j kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ng cufl8 a9fpg'
kmf“8\b} a:tL a;fNg yflnof] . :k]lgofnL ljZjfl;nf] , nf] s lk| o / 7"n f] bndfkm{ t eof] . k] l /; ;Demf} t fsf] gfddf rlr{ t ug] { zlQm ;+ / f cd] l /sfn] dxfdf/L cfjZos 5 .
‘eQmk' / === ultljlwdf ;lqmo lyP . h:tf];'s} / ljZjf;3ft u/] . s] x Ln] ;Sb}gg\ . yfn] . cGo /fhg}lts bnx¿n] bafpg ;' / Iff sfg' g agfP .
To; sfg'gsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] . si6;fWo hLjg / k| x /Lsf] h]nleq /x]sf kl/jf/sxf“ uP/ em"6f d'2fsf sf/0f sof}“ ;d] t g] d lskfnfO{ bafPh:t} sDo'lg:6x¿sf] 3/ vfgtnf;L
pQm sfg'gdf cleo'QmnfO{ d[To'b08 oftgfaf6 ;d]t ljrlnt geO{ k~rfotsf] kIf lng], sfuh ug{ sfo{stf{x¿n] h]n, e"ldut / cfkm"nfO{ klg bafpg ;Sg] ;f]r] / u/fP . Toxf“ ljleGg cft° km}nfpg]
jf ;j{:j;lxt hGds}bsf] Joj:yf sfd ug{ ;Sg' ToxL efjgfn] xf] . lbafa lbg], hfuL/ arfOlbg], k| j f;df s7f] / hLjg Joltt g]dlskflj?4sf] if8\oGqsf] lj/f]w of]hgf agfPsf] sfuh km]nf k/]sf]
lyof] . pQm d' 2 fdf !^ hgf t/, ;a} To:tf x'“b}gg\ . kf6L{leq d' 2 faf6 gfd lkmtf{ ug{ ug'k{ ¥of] . o:tf] cj:yfdf w]/} sfg'g ug{ yfn] . qmdzM k~rfotlj/f]wL em"6f k|rf/x¿ u/] / ! lbg Toxf“sf]
cleo' Q mx¿nfO{ d[ T o' b 08 jf n's]sf cj;/jfbLx¿ To;a]nf nufpg]h:tf s'/f u/]/ cfTd;dk{0f Joj;foL, kqsf/, dfgj /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx¿ Pp6} ;+;b\ ejgdf cfkm\g} u'Ktr/x¿
;j{:j;lxt hGds}b -## jif{_ ;hfo ;fj{hlgs eP . kf6L{nfO{ ;°6 ug{ nufpg] sf]l;; u/] . tL clwsf/jfbL / a' l 4hLjLx¿n] d~rdf a:g] jftfj/0f aGof] / k| o f] u u/] / cfunfuL u/fP .
dfu ul/Psf] lyof] eg] c¿nfO{ k/]sf] a]nf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{df JolQmx¿ clxn] sf]xL hfuL/af6 g]dlskfnfO{ ;fy lbg'eof] . of] @)$^ ;fn;Dd cfOk'Ubf jfddf]rf{ /ftf/ft ;of} “ sDo' l g:6 g] t f
hGds}bsf] dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . ltgLx¿ zq' ; “ u ldNg uP . cjsfz kfO;s]sf 5g\ eg] sf]xLsf] v' z Lsf] s' / f xf] . pxf“ x ¿sf] / g]sfsf] ;+oQ ' m cfGbf]ng ug{;Dd sfo{stf{x¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/] .
‘/fhgLlt u'nfkmsf] cf]5o\ fg ltgLx¿n] kf6L{sf u'Kt s'/fx¿ d[ T o' eO;s] s f] 5 . t/, tL ;xof]unfO{ xfdLn] ;w} ;Demg'k5{ . To;n] e"ldsf v]Nof] . k~rfotL sDo'lg:6 ;+f;bx¿nfO{ kbaf6
xf] O g’ eGg] efjgfsf ;fy k~rx¿;Dd k'¥ofP . d'Vo – dfG5] x ¿ hLljt /x' G h] n g]dlskfdfly nfu]sf] sfnf] afbn Joj:yf cGTosf ljleGg sf/0fdWo] avf{:t u/] . To;sf] 7fp“df cfkm\gf
/fhg} l ts sfo{ s tf{ x ¿ d'Vo ;fyLx¿nfO{ kqmgsf] lglDt g]dlskfsf g]tf sfo{stf{x¿;“u &÷* dlxgfkl5 la:tf/} kmf6\b} ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ klg Ps xf] eGg k| l tlglwx¿ /fv] . :jtGq
k~rfotlj/f] w L ljleGg ;xof]u u/] . kf6L{nfO{ 7"nf] wf]sf l;wf cf“vf h'wfP/ s'/f ug{ ;s]gg\, uof] . jf:tljstf hgtf;fd' cfpg ;lsG5 . k|df0fåf/f s'g} lx;fadf klg k'li6
slxn]sfxL“ g/fd|f] 36gfn] x' g g;Sg] pQm sf08df
/fd|f] kl/0ffd Nofp“5 eg]sf] ;fob sDo'lg:6x¿nfO{ g} bf]ifL 7x¥ofP .
oxL xf] . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ g]dlskf o;/L ;+;f/sf] Oltxf;df
bafpg k~rx¿n] /r]sf] 3[l0ft zf;g ;Qf l6sfpg ug] {
if8\ o Gq lyof] t/ To;n] if8\oGqx¿dWo] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’
k~rfotlj/f]wLx¿nfO{ Ps 7fp“df klg Ps xf] . o:tf sf08x¿ km]l/
Nofof] / b]zdf ax'bnLo Joj:yf – km]l/ klg x'g;Sg] x'b“ f /fhg}lts
:yfkgf ug]{ jftfj/0f agfOlbof] . sfo{stf{x¿ cem a9L ;r]t eP/
‘eQmk'/ sf08’ g klxnf] cufl8 a9\g' cfjZos 5 .
lyof] g clGtd g} x' g ] 5 . cfuf]sf] ;fgf] lemNsf] klg
;fdGtjfbL / k'“hLjfbL zf;g h·ndf 89]nf] nufpg kof{Kt x'G5
Joj:yfdf o:tf if8\oGqx¿ eO g} eg]em}“ g]dlskfsf] Ps – Ps
/xG5g\ . o;af6 ;a} /fhg}lts sfo{stf{nfO{ k~rx¿n] vt/f
sfo{ s tf{ x ¿ hf] l uP/ lx“ 8 \ g ' b]v] . hf] cfuf];u“ v]N5 Tof] cfuf]d}
cfjZos 5 . d5{, hf] kfgLl;t v]N5 Tof] kfgLd}
zf;g ;Qf l6sfpg d5{ eg]em}“ if8\oGq u/]/ g]dlskfnfO{
k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿ slt;Dd qm'/ 9·n] ;dfKt kfg{ vf]Hg] k~rfotL Joj:yf
k|:t't x'G5g\ eGg] Ps pbfx/0f cfkm} ;dfKt eof] . lglj{sNk
hd{gLsf] ‘/fOv:6fu cfunfuL elgPsf] k~rfotL Joj:yf ;bfsf]
sf08’ klg xf] . ;g\ !(## df ha nflu ;dfKt eof] . cfhsf g]skf
lx6n/sf] pbo eof] pgn] / g]sfsf g]tf / sfo{stf{x¿n] klg
sDo'lg:6x¿nfO{ bafpg ljleGg o:tf 36gfx¿af6 lzIff lnPgg\
if8\oGqx¿ u/] . cft°jfbsf] eg] k~rfotL Joj:yfem“} l5§} cGTo
lj/f]wsf] gfp“df sDo'lg:6x¿nfO{ x'g' cjZoDefjL 5 .
 e=lh=sf=b=g+= !–)%)÷%! !@
!^ ebf} @)&& (1 Sept. 2020) e=k'=lh=x'=sf=b=g+=!–&$÷&%

æsd{ r f/L=== /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6L{ PsIf0f cK;/f
if8\oGqsf] lj/f]wdf sfg'gL ;ª\3if{ s} n fnL af/f lhNnf ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf
u/] s f] pNn] v ug' { x ' “ b } pxf“ n ] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] eT;{gfdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf kf6L{sf
eQmk' / nufot b] z e/sf s}nfnLdf cgnfOg uf]i7L ePsf] j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pjd\ af/f
g]dlskfsf sfo{s { tf{x¿n] u/]sf] 5 .
u}/sfg'gL ;ª\3if{ :d/0fLo /x]sf]
atfpg'eof] .
lhNnf ;ldltsf cWoIf d'lQmk|;fb
sfo{qmddf g]kfn dhb'/ ofbjn] )$% ;fndf g]dlskfnfO{
ls;fg kf6L{ s f s]G b|Lo ;b:o gi6 ug{ if8\oGq ubf{ k~rfotL
/fi6«klt / k|d aGg] pDd]bjf/x¿;“u
g]kfnsf zf;s bnx¿ g]kfnL sfª\u;]| , Pdfn] uy{] . pgL Odfgbf/L / ;/ntfsf k|tLs ag] .
g]dlskfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o vu]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLn] g]dlskfnfO{ Joj:yf :jod\ cGt ePsf] atfpg'xb“' } + Pdfcf]jfbL -g]skf_, /fk|kfx¿, dw];jfbL / sDaf]l8ofsf /fhf l;+xfgf]s hgtf;“u
;gsdfg dxh{ g n] k~rfotL ;d"n gi6 ug]{ p2]Zon] k~rfotL k|ltlqmofjfbL zf;sx¿n] km]l/ klg hfltjfbL bnx¿ x'g\ . b]zsf] lxt / g]kfnLsf] xft]dfnf] ug{ cfkm\gf] u2L cfkm\gf lktfnfO{ ;'Dk]/
/fHo:t/af6 /lrPsf] ‘eQmk'/ Joj:yfn] @)$% ;fndf if8\oGq if8\oGqsf] hfn a'Gg;Sg] x'b“ f kf6L{ ;]jfsf] lglDt cfkm\gf] an / a'l4n] EofP;Dd 7"n7"nf ‘;dfhjfbL ;d' b fo’ bn :yfkgf u/L
sf08’df k~rfot ;dfKt ePsf] / u/]sf] rrf{ ug'x{ b“' } kfgLdf v]Ng] sfo{ s tf{ x ¿ ;r] t / ;hu sfd u/]/ b]vfpg] dxŒjfsfª\Iff /fVg' g/fd|f] xf]Og . cd]l/sflj?4sf] /fhg}lts ;ª\3if{df nfu] . cd]l/sL
hgtfsf] hLt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . kfgLd} , cfuf] d f v] N g] cfuf] d } /xg'kg]d{ f hf]8 lbg'eof] . t/, dflyNnf kbdf uP/ cf–cfkm\gf gftfuf]tfx¿nfO{ cfqmd0faf6 cfkm\gf] b]znfO{ d'Qm u/] / kl5 pgn]
g]dlskfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;lsPh:t} k~rfot klg pxf“n] s[lifk|wfg b]zdf slyt of]Uo–cof]Uo gx]/L 7"n7"nf lhDd]jf/L lbg], ljb]zL cfkm\gf] u2L;d]t Tofu] .
Pjd\ afUdtL k|b]z;ef ;b:o g]dlskflj?4sf] if8\oGqs} sf/0f sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] ;/sf/ x'“bf k'h “ Lsf Ph]G6x¿;“u xft ldnfpg], b]z 8'afpg] nfj;sf /fhfn] u2L Tofu] / 5f]/f ;'efgfef]u+
;'/]Gb|/fh uf];fO+{n] g]dlskfsf] ;dfKt ePsf] atfpg'eof] . /f;folgs dn / pGgt 7]sb] f/ / Jofkf/Lx¿sf] lxtdf P]g – sfg'g agfpg] Ps sDo'lg:6 g]tfsf] ¿kdf /fi6«klt ag] t/
tTsfnLg ju{zq' k~rfotL ;fdGtL g]dlskf s}nfnLsf sf]iffWoIf laplahgsf] cefj ePsf] / e|i6 sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;fy lnO{ hgdts} jf:tf b]zsf] :jtGqtfsf] lglDt h·ndf a:b} cflbjf;L
Joj:yf /x]sf]n] kf6L{n] b]z / hgtfsf] tyf g]kfn qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;ª\3 atfpg'eof] . gu/L zf;g ug{] dg;fo / p2]Zo k"0f{¿kn] lgGbgLo hgtf;“u ldn]/ pklgj]zjfblj?4 u'l/Nnf o'4df
kIfdf lnPsf] ljrf/ k~rfotL s}nfnLsf cWoIf nIdL k'gn] pxf“n] ;/sf/sf] a]jf:tfsf] 5 . xf]ldP .
tfgfzfxLsf] nflu cf“vfsf] sl;·/ ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ df dlxnfx¿n] sf/0f ;Ldf If]qsf ls;fgn] afWo lxhf] / cfhsf xfd|f /fhf, /fi6«klt / lsd On ;ªn] sf]l/ofnfO{ d'Qm ug{ hfkfgL
ag]sf] atfpg'eof] . u/]sf] ;ª\3if{sf] rrf{ ug'e{ of] . eP/ ;Ldf kfl/af6 @–$ af]/f dn k|wfgdGqL tyf ef]ln tL kbx¿sf cfsfª\IfLx¿ pklgj] z jfb / cd] l /sL ;fd| f Hojfbsf]
pxf“n] k|ltlqmofjfbLx¿n] g]kfn qmflGtsf/L lzIfs NofPsf]nfO{ ck/fw dfgL k|x/L ;Dem“ b f ljleGg b] z sf /fhf, /fi6« k lt / cfqmd0flj/f]wL ;ª\3if{df ;f/f sf]l/ofnL hgtfnfO{
;dfhjfbL ljrf/ cGTo ug{ ;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o hª\uaxfb'/ k|zf;gn] cgfxsdf b'Mv lbO/x]sf] k| w fgdGqLx¿sf] ;Demgf cfp“ 5 . /, xfd| f Psu7 u/] tyf cGt/f{li6«o hl6n s"6g}lts
g]dlskfnfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug{ vf]hs ] f] tf/fdLn] g]dlskfn] n]lggjfbL rrf{ ug' { e of] . pxf“ n ] ul/a cfsfª\IfLx¿;“u tL ldq /fi6«x¿sf g]tfx¿af/] ;ª\3if{;u“ h'em\b} k|hu sf]l/ofnfO{ cfkm\g} v'§fdf
atfpg'eof] . l;4fGtcg';f/ r'gfjsf] pkof]u ls;fgnfO{ To;/L b'Mv lbg] k|x/L hfgsf/L 5, 5}g jf xf]nf ls gxf]nf eGg] dgdf pEofP/ / hgtfnfO{ g} s]Gb| agfO{ ;dfhjfbsf]
g]dlskfsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o u/L k~rfotL ljs[ltsf] lj/f]w k|zf;gsf] Jojxf/ cGTo x'gk' g{] lh1f;f hfU5 . k'“hLjfbL cyf{t\ ;fd|fHojfbL / :yfkgf u/] . sDaf]l8ofdf cd]l/sL lk5nUu"
Pjd\ sf7df8f}“ lhNnf ;ldltsf u/]sf] x'gfn] k~rfotL Joj:yfn] dfu ug'e{ of] . pklgj]zjfbL b]zsf ljZjljBfnosf s"6g}lts b/afl/ofx¿n] ;}lgs ljb|fx] u/] . l;+xfgf]snfO{
cWoIf gf/fo0f dxh{ g sf] if8\oGq u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf g]dlskf af/f Oltxf; Pjd\ tL b]zsf s"6g}lts JolQmx¿af6 ;QfRo"t / Hofg ;hfosf] 3f]if0ff ubf{ lsd On
;efkltTjdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf sfo{qmd g]dlskf s}nfnL lhNnf ;ldltsf h'a]/ cG;f/L, n]lvPsf k':tsx¿dfq k9]/ a'emL 6f]kNg] k//fi6« ;ªn] pgnfO{ pQ/ sf]l/ofsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] b/af/
g]dlskfsf j}slNks s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lhNnf ;ldltsf cWoIf /d]zs'df/ z'e/Tg >Ljf:tj, /jLGb| ofbj / dGqfnodf sfd ug{] s]xL gof“ / k'/fgf sd{rf/L sDaf]l8ofsf] k|wfg sfof{no jf k|jf; ;/sf/
gf/fo0faxfb'/ b'jfn, lzlIfsf ;Ltf /fjnsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] lyof] . ljho ofbjn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] Pjd\ /fhb"tx¿s} sf/0f b]z cfh emg\ – emg\ agfpg :jfut u/]sf lyP .
k|hfklt, /fhjL/ 8+uf]nn] klg a' 6 jn lyof] . cK7]/f]df kb{} uPsf] t xf]Og eGg] k|Zgx¿ p7\g' leotgfdsf] d'lQm ;ª\3if{sf] a]nf k|mfG;n]
k~rfotL /fHo:t/af6 /lrPsf] To;} u /L g] k fn dhb' / ;' v { ] t :jfefljs xf] . klxnf] k6s l8og s]g km'df sAhf ubf{ leotgfd,
‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] :d/0f ug'x{ b“' } ls;fg kf6L{ ¿kGb]xLsf] cfof]hgfdf g]dlskf ;'vt{] sf] cfof]hgfdf g]kfnnfO{ a]nfotL ;fd|fHojfb / ef/tLo rLg / sf]l/ofsf] ;+oQ ' m u'l/Nnfx¿n] ;'?· o'4
eT;{gf ug'e{ Psf] lyof] . ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] eT;{gf sfo{qmd ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf] lj/f]w Pjd\ lj:tf/jfbn] uf]vf{ etL{ s]Gb|sf] ‘l;qmL’n] af“ws ] f] u/]/ k|mfG;nfO{ cfTd ;dk{0f ug{ afWo kf/]sf
sLlt{ k ' / ;DkGg eof] . eT;{gf ub}{ ;f]daf/ cGt/lqmof lyof] eg] s]xL jif{b]lv xfd|f] b]zdf cd]l/sL lyP .
o;}u/L g]dlskf sLlt{k'/ sfo{ q mddf g] d lskf sfo{qmd ePsf] 5 . ;fd|fHojfbn] u}/;/sf/L jf JolQmut ;]gf /fVg] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgnfO{ ;+oQ ' m /fi6« ;ª\3df
gu/ ;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf zlgaf/ ¿kGb]xLsf cWoIf xl/;'Gb/ jf;Ln] sfo{qmddf g]dlskf ;'vt{] sf P]g agfP/ g]kfnL o'jfx¿nfO{ O/fs, ckmuflg:tfg, ;fd]n x'g 3R3Rofpg] OG8f]g]l;ofsf /fi6«klt
cgnfOg dfWodaf6 ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ k|ltlqmofjfbL tŒjx¿af6 x'g;Sg] cWoIf xl/axfb'/ af]x/fn] kf6L{ lnlaof / l;l/ofdf ;d]t k|of]u ub{} cfPsf] lyof] . ;'sfgf{] lyP . o;sf/0f, ev{/ :jtGq / d'Qm
sf] eT;{gf sfo{qmd eof] . if8\oGqaf6 gof“ k':tfnfO{ ;r]t sfo{stf{x¿ Odfgbf/ x'gk' g]{ / kf6L{ ;g\ @))@–)# ;Dd O/fs / ckmuflg:tfgdf dfq} ePsf t6:y / c;+ n Ug b] z x¿sf] a} 7 s
sfo{ q mddf g] d lskfsf agfpg sfnf] lbgsf] :d/0f sfo{qmd lgb]z { gcg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ hgtfsf] %) xhf/ g]kfnLn] ;}Go sfd u/]sf] bfaL ul/Psf] OG8f]g]l;ofsf] jf·8'ª ;x/df cfof]hgf u/]/
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;'lgn k|hfkltn] u/]sf] rrf{ ug'x{ b“' } ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ ;]jfdf ;dlk{t ug{'kg]{df hf]8 5 -sfa'ndf g]kfnLsf] ‘;:tf] d[To'’ – sflGtk'/, !% Pl;ofnL / clk|msL b]zsf] Pstfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf
n]lggjfbL lzIffcg'¿k k~rfotL sf kLl8t tyf k|lt/f]wdf ;lqmo lbg'eof] . ebf} @)&&_ . o;sf] cy{ s] clxn];Dddf xfd|f lyP .
Joj:yfsf] lgjf{rg pkof]u u/]sf] sfo{stf{x¿sf] cg'ej ;'Gbf gof“ æg]dlskfsf sfo{stf{x¿n] zf;sx¿ /f0ff, zfx, g]kfnL sfª\u;]| , k~r, Pdfn], e]gh] o' nfsf /fi6«klt x\ou' f] rfe]h /f]uL eP/
/ kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgdf ‘k~rfot’ k':tfsf sfo{stfx¿ ;ts{ / Odfgbf/Lk"js { hgtfsf] ;]jf u/]sf] Pdfcf]jfbL, dw];jfbL, hfltjfbL cflb ;a} zf;s klg cfkm\gf] b]zsf] cfly{s Pjd\ s"6g}lts d'lQmsf]
klqsf lgsfn] / hgtfnfO{ ;ª\3if{zLn aGg pT;flxt x'g] u/]sf] k~rfotnfO{ c;x\o ePsf]n] g} bn / JolQmx¿ ljb]zdf k};f lnP/ c¿;“u n8\g] lglDt cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfblj?4 ;ª\3if{ ubf{ub}{
/fhgLlts¿kdf ;r]t u/fpg] atfpg'eof] . g]dlskfnfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ of]hgfsf n8fs" x ¿ a] R g] , bf;x¿ a] R g] / ljb] z L lat] . t/, e]gh ] o' nfsf] gof“ k':tf Nofl6g cd]l/sL
sfd u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . sfo{qmddf @)$% ;fnsf] ;fy ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] if8\oGq j]Zofnox¿df r]nLx¿ a]Rg] uNnfjfn / bnfnx¿ ;dfhjfbsf] lr/fusf] ¿kdf ;ª\3if{ ub{} 5g\ .
‘k~rfot’ klqsfdf ljZj ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ df kLl8t tyf /r]sf] ;don] k|dfl0ft ul/;s]sf] x'g\ eGg] nfUb}g < To;}n] ;+oQ ' m /fi6« ;ª\3sf] lrnLsf /fi6« k lt Po] G 8] cd] l /sL
sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf g]tf dfS;{, k|lt/f]w cleofgdf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ 5Æ, pxf“n] eGg'eof] . a}7sdf df]lxofg gfddf ;+/f cd]l/sL /fhb"tn] ;fd|fHojfbsf lk77" ;}lgs tfgfzfx lkgf]r;] u“
P“uN] ;, n]lgg, :tflng, dfcf], lsd zf]efnIdL uf];fO{+ / ;LtfnIdL g]qmfls;ª\3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ‘g]kfnnfO{ dl;{g/Lh’ -ef8fsf l;kfxLx¿_ sf] b]z ;z:q ;ª\3if{ ub}{ /fi6«klt ejgdf jL/tfk"js {
On ;ª, lkm8]n Sof:6«fs ] f] of]ubfg k| h fkltn] cf–cfÇgf] cg' e j P]gaxfb'/ zfxLn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’af/] eg]sf lyP . g]kfnsf] ;bgdf o;af/] k|Zg p7\of] ;lxb eP . lrnLsf hgtf cfh klg ;ª\3if{/t
/ hLjgL k|sfzg u/]sf] atfpg'xb“' } ;'gfpg'eof] . :d/0f ug' { x ' “ b } cfkm" uflj; t/ g]sfsf] ;/sf/af6 pQ/ cfPg / ;+oQ ' m /fi6« 5g\ .
b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf g]dlskfn] e" s Dk kLl8tnfO{ /fxt dxf;ª\3df sf]iffWoIf x“b' f zf;s ;ª\3df g]kfnn] cfklQ klg hgfPg . b'ef{Uo ¤¤¤ sª\uf]sf klxnf] hglgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL
sDo'lg:6 cfr/0fnfO{ Jofjxfl/s af“8g\ ] egL gSsnL kLl8tx¿nfO{ bnx¿n] nf]edf km;fpg vf]Hbf lsg < ;To ToxL xf] . cg] s b] z x¿ Kofl6« ; n' d ' D af ;LcfO{ P sf] if8\ o Gqcg' ; f/
k|of]u u/]sf]n] k~rx¿nfO{ c;x\o /fxt s'kg af“8b\ f cfqmf]lzt :yfgLo sf]iffWoIf kb g} kl/Tofu u/]sf] pklgj]zaf6 :jtGq eP, ltgn] cg]s ckdfg / a]lNhd]nL pklgj]zjfbLx¿sf] ;}lgs ljb|f]xsf]
ePsf] / ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ /lrPsf] hgtfn] x\of]hn" fO{ ahf/ 3'dfp“bf 36gfsf] :d/0f ;'gfpg'eof] . if8\oGqsf] lj/f]wdf ;ª\3if{ ub{} /x] t/ xfd|f zf;s lj?4 ;ª\3if{ ub}{ ;lxb eP . jt{dfg cd]l/sL
atfpg'eof] . #÷$ 306f;Dd k|x/L d"sbz{s sfo{qmddf cSsnaxfb'/ / zf;s bnx¿ lgn{Hhtfk"js { ;a} ckdfg / /fi6«klt 6«Dksf] l;/fgLdf lx6n/sf] k':ts 5,
g]dlskfsf] Odfgbfl/tfaf6 /x] s f] / ;/sf/s} ef8fsf /fgf, t'n;L v8\sf, hutaxfb'/ x]nfxf]rf] ;x“b} 5g\ clg ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg egL pgL x/]s lbg To; k':tssf] cWoog u5{g\ /
t;]/{ g} ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ /r]sf] k'li6 dflg;x¿n] x\of]h"nfO{ s'6lk6 nfld5fg], uf]ljGbgfy of]uL / em"6f sNuL klg leb{} 5g\ . t/, xfdLn] gof“ k':tfnfO{ em"6 s'/f bf]xf]¥ofP/ hgtfnfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg]
ePsf] atfpg'x'“b} s]Gb|Lo ;b:o u/]sf] rrf{ ug'{x'“b} zf]efnIdL nfnaxfb'/ yfkfn] klg af]Ng'ePsf] dgsf] b'Mv atfO/x]sf 5}gf},“ ;RrfO atfO/x]sf dGq l;Sb} 5g\ .
k|hfkltn] tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL uf];fO{+n] x\of]h"nfO{ c:ktfndf lyof] . 5}gf}“ . kl/l:yltn] xfdLnfO{ af“ws ] f] 5 t/ d'lQm ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bL lx6n/sf lzio
dl/rdfg l;+x, /fli6«o k~rfotsf pkrf/ gul/Psf] atfpg'eof] . b} n ] v kfpg] sf]l;; gug'{ bf;tfdf /dfpg' xf] . To:tf 6«Dksf clt 3lgi7 ldq x'g\ / rLgnfO{ ;°]t
cWoIf;d]tn] zjofqfdf ‘kmf“;L b]’ 3/df k6s–k6s vfgtnf;L u/L ] sf] rfd'08f ljGb|f;}gL dfgl;stf af]ss
b}nv ] f k'/fgf / gof“ k':tfk|lt cfufdL u/L ‘lj:tf/jfbL’ eGb} ef/tLo hgtf /
gf/f nufPaf6 GofokflnsfnfO{ k| x /Ln] %÷^ af] / f dxŒjk" 0 f{ gu/kflnsf j8f g+ !, @ / # sf] k':tfn] OHht / uf}/j cg'ej ug{] 5}gg\ . klZrd ljb]zL;fd' em"6nfO{ ;To b]vfpg] c;kmn k|of;
k|efljt agfpg vf]h]sf] wf/0ff k':tsx¿ p7fP/ nu]sf] :d/0f ;+oQ ' m cfof]hgfdf ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ clk|msL b]z 3fgfsf /fi6«klt ljb]zdf /x“bf ub{ } 5g\ .
/fVg'eof] . ug'x{ b“' } pxf“n] c;f]h ! ut] ePsf] sf] eT;{gf sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . pklgj]zjfbLx¿n] ;}lgs ljb|fx] u/fP . t/, pgn] ef/tn] ;z:q ;ª\3if{ gu/L a]nfotaf6
sfo{ q mddf g] d lskfsf wfwnLk"0f{ ;/hldgsf] lj/f]wdf kf6L{ sfo{stf{, lzÔs, a'l4hLjL, ;fd|fHojfb tyf pklgj]zjfbsf] lj/f]w ug{ 5f]8g] g\ k|fKt :jtGqtfnfO{ ef/t / kfls:tfg agfp“bf
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o gf/fo0f dxh{gn] b]z dlxnfx¿n] h'n;' lgsfnL sf]0f;ef ljBfyL{ , dlxnf / kf6L{ / tTsfn lugLsf /fi6«klt ;]s't'/]nf]n] pgnfO{ Pl;ofdf a]nfotL pklgj]zn] o'4sf] lap 5¥of] .
/ hgtfsf] ;] j fdf sfd ug] { u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . z' e lrGtsx¿sf] pkl:yltdf cfkm\gf] b]zdf /fi6«klts} ¿kdf :jfut u/] . k| f s[ l ts ;Ldf ePsf] Pl;ofdf a] n fotL
kf6L{dfly em"6f] if8\oGq /r]klg ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ sf kLl8t x/]s ;fdflhs b'/L sfod u/L ePsf] leotgfdsf /fi6«klt xf] lr ldGxn] l5d]sL pklgj]zjfbn] sfutdf gfkL gS;f ‘Dofsdfxf]g
;kmn gx'g] kf7 ‘eQmk'/ sf08’ n] JolQm;“u slxNo} gd]l6g] syf /x]sf] pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfn dhb'/ b]zx¿df sfd ul//x]sf leotgfdL hgtfnfO{ ;d]t nfOg’ sf]/L ef/tnfO{ rLg;“u le8fof], g]x¿nfO{
l;sfPsf] atfpg'eof] . rrf{ ug'x{ b“' } ;LtfnIdL k|hfkltn] ls;fg kf6L{sf lhNnf ;b:o tyf ;·l7t ub{} b]zleqsf /fhg}lts ;d"xnfO{ Ps rLg;“u le8fof], OlGb/f ufGwLnfO{ aª\unfb]z /
g]dlskfsf j}slNks s]Gb|Lo @)$% ;fnsf] e"sDkaf6 cfkm"x¿s} rf=lj=g=kf= # sf j8f cWoÔ u/L tLg bzs;Dd k|mfG;]nL pklgj]zjfblj?4 kfls:tfg;“u le8fof], l;lSsd / >Ln°fsf] of]hgf
;b:o gf/fo0faxfb'/ b'jfnn] @)$% klg 3/ eTs]sf] / /fxtsf] nflu lg/saxfb'/ zfxLn] g]kfn dhb'/ ;z:q ;ª\ 3 if{ u/] , b' O { bzs;Dd cd] l /sL agfpg lbof], df]bLnfO{ g]kfn / e'6fgdfly cf“vf
;fn ebf} ( ut] s f] ‘eQmk' / kLl8tx¿sf] gfdfjnLdf slxn] /fVg] ls;fg kf6L{nfO{ ;d"n gi6 ug{ cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]wdf ;ª\3if{ ub{} b]znfO{ d'Qm u/] . uf8\g lbof] . o;sf/0f, c¿n] lbPsf] :jtGqtf
sf08’df ePsf] HofbtLaf/] cjut slxn] x6fpg] u/]sf] atfpg'eof] . k~rfotL /fHo:t/af6 if8\oGq l5d]sL b]z nfj;sf /fhs'df/x¿nfO{ ;d]t JolQm / b]znfO{ w]/} dx“uf] x'G5 . g]kfnL zf;s
u/fpg'eof] . ebf} ( kl5 /flt – /flt k|x/Ln] /fHo /lrPsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . pklgj]zjfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbsf] cfqmd0fsf] bnsf g]tf, k|wfgdGqL / pkk|wfgdGqLx¿nfO{
g]dlskfsf k"js { G] b|Lo ;b:o cftª\s dRrfO/x]sf] a]nfdf 6f]n– pxf“n] eGg'eof], æk~rfotL lj/f]wdf Psu7 u/fP . sDaf]l8ofsf /fhfnfO{ ;d]t b]z / hgtfsf] ;]jfeGbf cfkm\gf] gftfuf]tf, ;DwL
>Ls[i0f dxh{gn] ‘eQmk'/ sf08’sf] 6f]nsf dlxnfx¿n] k|lt/f]w u/]sf] ;/sf/n] @)$% ;fnsf] e"sDknfO{ k|mfG;]nL pklgj]zjfb / cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfbL / HjfO“x¿nfO{ kbdf Nofp“b}df km';{b 5}g .
;dodf sLlt{k'/ kf“ufdf cfÇg} atfpg'eof] . ;ª\s6sf] a]nfdf cfÇgf] lgxLt :jfy{kl" t{ ug]{ cj;/ cfqmd0fsf] lj/f]wdf ‘lxGb lrgL’ b]zx¿sf] Pstf dfcf]T;]t·' /fi6«klt x'b“ f cfkm\gf] elthf]n] k7fPsf]
3/df k|x/Ln] 3]/f xfnL kqmfp kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x¿ v]tdf cfO{ ;a} agfof] . o;sf] nflu s0f{k|;fb u/fP / ;kmntf k|fKt u/] . kqsf] pQ/ @* jif{kl5 5flkof] – æltdL h:t} ;a}
u/]sf] :d/0f ug'e{ of] . wfg Joj:yfkg ul/lbPsf] pNn]v ug'x{ b“ ' } x\of]h"nfO{ ‘alnsf] af]sf’ agfO{ b]zsf] d'lQm / ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf ug{ o'jfx¿ k]lsª cfP ufp“ / b]zdf s;n] sfd u5{
sfo{ q mddf g] k fn k|hfkltn] ;ª\s6sf] a]nfdf kf6L{ jf:tljs kLl8tx¿nfO{ /fxt /fi6«klt xf] lr ldGx 7"nf] ejgdf ga;L b'O{ tn] < To;}n] ;a} cf–cfkm\gf] 7fp“df a;]/ b]z /
qmflGtsf/L dlxnf ;ª\ 3 sf ;ª\ u 7gsf] dxŒjaf] w ePsf] ljt/0f gu/L kÔkft u¥of] . ;fgf] 3/d} a;] . b/af/df kfx'gfx¿;“u dfq e]6 hgtfsf] ;]jf ug'{k5{ .Æ
zf] e fnIdL uf] ; fO{ + , g] d lskf atfpg'eof] . k~rfotL ;/sf/n] x\of]hs " f] xTof
sf7df8f} “ lhNnfsf k" j { ; b:o sfo{ q mddf g] d lskf u/L g] d lskfsf >4] o g] t f ‘‘g] d lskfsf=== pxf“n] o'jf–ljBfyL{x¿ kb– g] q mflj;ª\ 3 sf s] G b| L o
jf;'b]j 8ª\uf]n, g]dlskf sLlt{k'/ ¿kGb]xLsf ;lrj hlunfn yfkf, gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]n “ ufot ;of}“ af“ w s
] f] 5, olb Pd;L;L kf; ePdf k} ; fsf] lglDt geO{ b]
z / hgtfsf] ;b:o ;/h' kml;sjfn] ‘eQmk'/
gu/ ;ldltsf pkfWoIf a'l4dfg lxdnfn kf08], sdnf ljs, dfwj sfo{stf{nfO{ ;f]sf] cf/f]k nufP/ cd] l /sfn] klg xfd| f] v'6 6
\ f af“ W g]
5 , ;] j f ug{ s f] nflu /fhgLltdf sf08’ sf] 36gfqmd / g]dlskfsf]
dxh{g, g]kfn qmflGtsf/L lzIfs clwsf/Lnufotn] cf–cfÇgf] wf/0ff kqmfp u¥of] . vfgtnf;Lsf] b'
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