SDH multiplex structure

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) is a CCITT standard for a hierarchy of optical transmission
rates. Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
standard for North America, that is largely equivalent to SDH.
Both are widely spread technologies for very high speed transmission of voice and data signals
across the numerous world-wide fiber-optic networks.
SDH and SONET are point-to-point synchronous networks that use TDM multiplexing across a ring
or mesh physical topology.
The main difference between both standards are the some header/pointer informations and the
transmission rates.
The base transport module of SDH is the synchronous transport module with a transmission rate
of 155,52mbps (STM-1), SONET uses OC-1 (~51mbs) as base module.

SDH/SONET transmission rates

PDH PDH
SDH SONET
(USA) (Europe)

Bit Rate
Name Name Container Transport Container Transport
(Mbps)

STS/OC-
40000 STM-256
768

STS/OC-
10000 STM-64
192

2500 STM-16 STS/OC-48

622 STM-4 STS/OC-12

155 STM-1 STS/OC-3

140 E4 VC4

51 STS/OC-1

45 DS-3/T3 STS-1 SPE

34 E3 VC3

8 E2

VT6 (not really

6 DS-2/T2
used)

2 E1 VC12

1,5 DS-1/T1 VT1.5

0,064 DS-0/T0 E0/D64S

SDH multiplex structure

The SDH multiplex structure shown in the picture is defined in ITU-T G.707 and describes how low
order signals are multiplexed into higher multiplex
 levels.

KLM values
Imagine you have a large number of E1 customer aggregated on a PA-MC-STM-1SMI (Cisco) or
a PE-1CHSTM1-SMIR-QPP (Juniper).
The low order signal is transported over an SDH network, through the númerous multiplex levels,
and is terminated on your channelized STM-1 card.
For configuring the customers interface on the aggregation device, you need to know in which
timeslot the customers E1 resides.
–> This position is specified by the KLM values.
Here’s an overview for the KLM values of a STM-1:

Timeslot TUG-3 TUG-2 VC-12 (–> E1) KLM

1 1 1 1 1.1.1

2 1 1 2 1.1.2

3 1 1 3 1.1.3

4 1 2 1 1.2.1

5 1 2 2 1.2.2

6 1 2 3 1.2.3

7 1 3 1 1.3.1

8 1 3 2 1.3.2

9 1 3 3 1.3.3

10 1 4 1 1.4.1

11 1 4 2 1.4.2

12 1 4 3 1.4.3

13 1 5 1 1.5.1
14 1 5 2 1.5.2

15 1 5 3 1.5.3

16 1 6 1 1.6.1

17 1 6 2 1.6.2

18 1 6 3 1.6.3

19 1 7 1 1.7.1

20 1 7 2 1.7.2

21 1 7 3 1.7.3

22 2 1 1 2.1.1

23 2 1 2 2.1.2

24 2 1 3 2.1.3

25 2 2 1 2.2.1

26 2 2 2 2.2.2

27 2 2 3 2.2.3

28 2 3 1 2.3.1

29 2 3 2 2.3.2

30 2 3 3 2.3.3

31 2 4 1 2.4.1

32 2 4 2 2.4.2

33 2 4 3 2.4.3

34 2 5 1 2.5.1

35 2 5 2 2.5.2

36 2 5 3 2.5.3

37 2 6 1 2.6.1

38 2 6 2 2.6.2

39 2 6 3 2.6.3

40 2 7 1 2.7.1

41 2 7 2 2.7.2

42 2 7 3 2.7.3

43 3 1 1 3.1.1
44 3 1 2 3.1.2

45 3 1 3 3.1.3

46 3 2 1 3.2.1

47 3 2 2 3.2.2

48 3 2 3 3.2.3

49 3 3 1 3.3.1

50 3 3 2 3.3.2

51 3 3 3 3.3.3

52 3 4 1 3.4.1

53 3 4 2 3.4.2

54 3 4 3 3.4.3

55 3 5 1 3.5.1

56 3 5 2 3.5.2

57 3 5 3 3.5.3

58 3 6 1 3.6.1

59 3 6 2 3.6.2

60 3 6 3 3.6.3

61 3 7 1 3.7.1

62 3 7 2 3.7.2

63 3 7 3 3.7.3
Configuring Virtual Tributary Mapping of Channelized
STM1 Interfaces
You can configure virtual tributary mapping to use KLM mode or ITU-T mode. To
configure virtual tributary mapping, include the vtmapping statement at the [edit
chassis fpc slot-number pic pic-number] hierarchy level:

[edit chassis fpc slot-number pic pic-number]

vtmapping (klm | itu-t);

By default, virtual tributary mapping uses KLM mode. For more information, see the
JUNOS System Basics Configuration Guide.

For the Channelized STM1 IQ PIC, you can configure virtual tributary mapping by
including the vtmapping statement at the [edit interfaces cau4-fpc/pic/port
sonet-options] hierarchy level:

[edit interfaces cau4-fpc/pic/port sonet-options]

vtmapping (klm | itu-t);

Table 30 lists the KLM mappings used by the channelized STM1-to-E1 PIC interfaces.
The PIC defaults to KLM numbering with an offset of -1; for example, KLM 1= STM1
PIC 0.

Table 30: Channelized STM1-to-E1 Channel Mapping

Channel KLM Tributary Tributary Virtual ITU-T
Number Number Unit Group 3 Unit Group 2 Tributary Number
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 1 2 22
2 3 1 1 3 43
3 4 1 2 1 4
4 5 1 2 2 25
5 6 1 2 3 46
6 7 1 3 1 7
7 8 1 3 2 28
8 9 1 3 3 49
9 10 1 4 1 10
10 11 1 4 2 31
11 12 1 4 3 52
12 13 1 5 1 13
13 14 1 5 2 34
14 15 1 5 3 55
15 16 1 6 1 16
16 17 1 6 2 37
17 18 1 6 3 58
18 19 1 7 1 19
19 20 1 7 2 40
20 21 1 7 3 61
21 22 2 1 1 2
22 23 2 1 2 23
23 24 2 1 3 44
24 25 2 2 1 5
25 26 2 2 2 26
26 27 2 2 3 47
27 28 2 3 1 8
28 29 2 3 2 29
29 30 2 3 3 50
30 31 2 4 1 11
31 32 2 4 2 32
32 33 2 4 3 53
33 34 2 5 1 14
34 35 2 5 2 35
35 36 2 5 3 56
36 37 2 6 1 17
37 38 2 6 2 38
38 39 2 6 3 59
39 40 2 7 1 20
40 41 2 7 2 41
41 42 2 7 3 62
42 43 3 1 1 3
43 44 3 1 2 24
44 45 3 1 3 45
45 46 3 2 1 6
46 47 3 2 2 27
47 48 3 2 3 48
48 49 3 3 1 9
49 50 3 3 2 30
50 51 3 3 3 51
51 52 3 4 1 12
52 53 3 4 2 33
53 54 3 4 3 54
54 55 3 5 1 15
55 56 3 5 2 36
56 57 3 5 3 57
57 58 3 6 1 18
58 59 3 6 2 39
59 60 3 6 3 60
60 61 3 7 1 21
61 62 3 7 2 42
62 63 3 7 3 63