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Quantum Dots

Quantum dots are artificially clusters of semiconducting atoms that are 1-12 nm in size. Due to their small size, quantum dots confine electrons and holes, causing their properties to differ from bulk materials. Quantum dots emit light of different colors depending on their size, with smaller dots emitting blue light and larger dots emitting red light. Potential applications of quantum dots include use in LEDs, displays, and medical imaging.

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Anees Ahmad
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96 views8 pages

Quantum Dots

Quantum dots are artificially clusters of semiconducting atoms that are 1-12 nm in size. Due to their small size, quantum dots confine electrons and holes, causing their properties to differ from bulk materials. Quantum dots emit light of different colors depending on their size, with smaller dots emitting blue light and larger dots emitting red light. Potential applications of quantum dots include use in LEDs, displays, and medical imaging.

Uploaded by

Anees Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quantum Dots
 Quantum dots are small semiconducting particles with typical sizes
that range from one nanometer to ten nanometer.
 Quantum dots are artificially clusters of semiconducting atoms that
have the ability to confine the electrons' motion due to their small size.
 Quantum dots are a form of nanocrystals that are made from
semiconductor material such
 as silicon, germanium, cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, and indium
phosphide.
 Quantum dots are only 1 nm to 12 nm in diameter (a nm is one billionth
of a meter).
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Quantum Dots
 Billions of dots could fit on the head of a pin! Because of their small size,
quantum effects arise due to the confinement of electrons and holes; as
a result, material properties are very different than the normal material.
 One important property is that the band gap is dependent
 on the size of the dots.
 When excited from an external source, dots formed from
semiconductors emit light in the visible range as well as infrared and
ultraviolet, depending on their size.
 The higher-frequency blue light is emitted by smaller dots suspended in
solution (larger band gap);
 Red light is emitted from solutions with larger dots (smaller band gap).
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 Solutions containing the quantum dots glow eerily with specific colors as
shown in the photograph in Figure-1.
 Solutions containing quantum dots
glow with specific colors that depend
on the size of the dots.
 APPLICATIONS:
 Although quantum dots are not diodes
themselves, they can be used in construction of light-emitting diodes as
well as display devices and a variety of other applications.
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Quantum Dots
 As we know that, LEDs work by generating a specific frequency (color) of
light, which is determined by the band gap.
 To produce white light, blue LEDs are coated with a phosphor that adds
yellow light to the blue, forming white.
 The result is not a pure white, but tends to be harsh and makes colors
appear unnatural.
 While this is satisfactory for displays and signs, many people do not like it
for home lighting.
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Quantum Dot: Band Gap Eg ,Size and Wavelength  Relationship

Fig.-2.
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Quantum Dots
 Quantum dots can be used to modify the basic color of LEDs by
converting higher energy photons (blue) to photons of lower energy.
 The result is a color that more closely approximates an incandescent
bulb.
 Quantum dot filters can be designed to contain combinations of colors,
giving designers control of the spectrum.
 The important advantage of quantum dot technology is that it does not
lose the incoming light; it merely absorbs the light and reradiates it at a
different frequency.
 This enables control of color without giving up efficiency.
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Quantum Dots
 By placing a quantum dot filter in front of a white LED, the spectrum can
be made to look like that of an incandescent bulb.
 The resulting light is more satisfactory for general illumination, while
retaining the advantages of LEDs.
 There are other promising applications, particularly in medical
applications. Water-soluble quantum dots are used as a biochemical
luminescent marker for cellular imaging and medical research.
 Research is also being done on quantum dots as the basic device units
for information processing by manipulating two energy levels within the
quantum dot.
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