Structural calculation, input

Author: ANa Page: 1 (2)

Date: 2/18/2021
Project: Job no: Contents: Location:
Lazareto Extension Pedestal design
Stack Foundation
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending Version 1.0
Envinronment: Cross section dimensions:
Exposure class = XC1 Dry or permanently wet Height, H = 600 mm
Des. working life = 50 vuotta Widht, B = 600 mm
RH = 40% Indoors
t0 = 28 d Column length and bucklingfactors:
t = 3650 d Column lenght, L = 800 mm
Materials: μyy = 2.000 Buckling factor, Y-Y
Structure class = 2 μzz = 2.000 Buckling factor, Z-Z
Concrete = C20/25 Nominal concrete cover and max. aggregate size:
Reinforcement = A400HW Nominal concr. cover, c = 35 mm
∆cdev = 10 mm
Max aggregate, dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement:
Ømain = 16 mm
no. of bars h side = 4 =nh
no. of bars b side = 4 =nb
Ølinks = 10 mm
s= 150 mm
Checks, results and maximum utilization rates:
As = 2412.7 mm2
As,min = 720.0 mm2 Around Y-Y-axis[kNm] Around Z-Z-axis[kNm] Biaxial
As,max = 21600.0 mm2 MEd,yy MRd,yy MEd,zz MRd,zz (Eq 5.39)
cnom = 20 mm L/C 1 101.0 165.8 4.0 165.8 0.63 OK
amin = 23 mm L/C 2 101.0 307.5 8.0 307.5 0.35 OK
Ølinks,min = 6 mm L/C 3 71.0 328.9 64.1 328.9 0.41 OK
scl,max = 240 mm L/C 4 6.7 131.3 9.3 131.3 0.12 OK

φ(t,t0) = 2.79 173.2i,yy = λyy = 9.2 L0,yy = 1600.0 mm

173.2i,zz = λzz = 9.2 L0,zz = 1600.0 mm
Column end moments and normal force (must include column selfweight):
Structure is:
Given forces include 2-order effects: Yes Unbraced(mast pillar) in Z-direction
Consider imperfections: Y-direction Unbraced(mast pillar) in Y-direction

ULS - Ultimate limit state forces Ratio of 1-order SLS and Curvature
Compression = (+) Top Bottom ULS bending moments distribution
Tension = (-) M0yy,top M0zz,top M0yy,btm M0zz,btm (M0Eqp/ (M0Eqp/ factor
Loadcases NEd [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] M0Ed)yy M0Ed)zz cyy czz
L/C 1 -200 0 0 101 1 0.74 0.74 9.9 9.9
L/C 2 400 0 0 101 5 0.74 0.74 9.9 9.9
L/C 3 518 0 0 71 62 0.74 0.74 9.9 9.9
L/C 4 -334 0 0 2 8 0.74 0.74 9.9 9.9
 Structural calculation, input
Author: ANa Page: 2 (2)
Date: 2/18/2021
Project: Job no: Contents: Location:
Lazareto Extension 0 Pedestal design 0
Stack Foundation 0 0 0
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending Version 1.0

N-M interaction chart around Y-Y-axis

6000

5000 1

4000
N [kN]

3000

2000

1000
518 400
0
-200
0 -334 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
-1000

-2000
Myy [kNm]

N-M interaction chart around Z-Z-axis

6000

5000 1

4000
N [kN]

3000

2000

1000
400 518
0
-200
-334 50
0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
-1000

-2000
Mzz [kNm]
 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
-1000

-2000
Mzz [kNm]
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / Calculations Version 1.0 Page:1(7)

Envinronment:

Exposure class = XC1

Des. working life = 50 vuotta
RH = 40.00%
t= 3650 days
t0 = 28 days

CONCRETE
Structure class = 2
Partial factor, γc = 1.5
αcc = 0.85
fck fcd fcm Ecm εc3 εcu3 λ η
MPa MPa MPa GPa ‰ ‰
C20/25 20.00 11.33 28.00 20 1.75 3.50 0.80 1.00

REINFORCEMENT
Partial factor, γs = 1.15
fyk fyd Es εyd εud fcd = αcc*fck/γc
MPa MPa MPa ‰ ‰ fyd = fyk/γs
A400HW 400.00 347.83 200000 1.739 10 εyd = fyd/Es

DIMENSIONG AND GEOMETRY:

Height, H = 600 mm L= 800 mm
Widht, B = 600 mm μyy = 2 Buckling factor, Y-Y
Ac = 360000 mm2 Ac = B*H μzz = 2 Buckling factor, Z-Z
Structure is: Unbraced(mast pillar) in Z-direction
Nominal concr. cover, c = 35 mm Unbraced(mast pillar) in Y-direction
∆cdev = 10 mm
Max aggregate, dg = 20 mm Consider imperfections: Y-direction
Buckling lenghts
Reinforcement L0,yy = 1600 mm L0yy = L*μyy
Ømain = 16 mm L0,zz = 1600 mm L0zz = L*μzz
nh = 4 Radius of gyration of uncracked cross section
nb = 4 iyy = 173.2 mm iyy = H/(12)0.5
∑bars = 12 ∑bars = 2*nh+2*(nb-2) izz = 173.2 mm izz = B/(12)0.5
Astot = 2413 mm2 Slenderness ratio
ω= 0.2057 ω = As*fyd/(Ac*fcd) λyy =
9.2 λyy = L0yy / iyy
Ølinks = 10 mm λzz =
9.2 λzz = L0zz / izz
s= 150 mm Criterion: λyy < 140 OK
λzz < 140 OK
Column end moments and normal force (must include column selfweight):
ULS - Ultimate limit state forces Ratio of 1-order SLS and Curvature
Compression = (+) Top Bottom ULS bending moments distribution
Tension = (-) M 0yy,top
M 0zz,top
M 0yy,btm
M 0zz,btm (M0Eqp/ (M0Eqp/ factor
NEd [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] M0Ed)yy M0Ed)zz cyy czz
L/C 1 -200 0 0 101 1 0.741 0.741 9.870 9.870
L/C 2 400 0 0 101 5 0.741 0.741 9.870 9.870
L/C 3 518 0 0 71 62 0.741 0.741 9.870 9.870
L/C 4 -334 0 0 2 8 0.741 0.741 9.870 9.870
Calculations: Page:2(7)
1. Calculation for radius of gyration of the reinforcement around Y-Y and Z-Z axises
H= 600 mm Ømain = 16 mm Astot = 2413 mm^2
B= 600 mm As1
= 201 mm^2 I Ømain
= 3217.0 mm^4
IØmain = π*Ø4/64
Radius of gyration of the reinforcement around Y-Y axis Is,n = (Iømain + y2*As1)*n
Layer d'n [mm] y [mm] y2 [mm2] n [kpl] Is,yy,n
1 53.0 247.0 61009.0 4 49079217
2 217.7 82.3 6778.8 2 2732342
3 382.3 -82.3 6778.8 2 2732342
4 547.0 -247.0 61009.0 4 49079217
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
Is,yy = 1.04.E+08 mm^4 Is,yy = ∑Is,yy,n
is,yy = 207.24 mm is,yy = (Isyy / Astot)0.5
Radius of gyration of the reinforcement around Z-Z axis
Layer d'n [mm] y [mm] y2 [mm2] kpl Is,zz,n
1 53.0 247.0 61009.0 4 49079217
2 217.7 82.3 6778.8 2 2732342
3 382.3 -82.3 6778.8 2 2732342
4 547.0 -247.0 61009.0 4 49079217
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
0 0.0 300.0 90000.0 0 0
Is,zz = 1.04.E+08 mm^4 Is,zz = ∑Is,zz,n
is,zz = 207.24 mm is,zz = (Iszz / Astot)0.5

2. Calculation for creep coefficient (EC2 Annex B)

t0 = 28 d RH = 40.00% H= 600 mm
t= 3650 d fcm = 28.00 MPa B= 600 mm
u= 2400 mm u = 2*(B+H) Ac = 360000 mm
h0 = 300.00 mm h0 = 2*u/Ac

α1 = 1.169 α2 = 1.046 α3 = 1.118

α1 = [35/fcm]0,7 α2 = [35/fcm]0,2 α3 = [35/fcm]0,5

β(fcm) = 3.175 β(fcm) = 16.8/(fcm)0.5

β(t0) = 0.488 β(t0) = 1/[0.1+t00.2]

βH = 700.001 βH (fcm<35) = MIN{ 1.5*[1 + (0.012RH)18]h0 + 250 ; 1500}

βH (fcm>35) = MIN{ 1.5*[1 + (0.012RH)18]h0 + 250*α3 ; 1500*α3}
φRH = 1.896 φRH (fcm<35) = 1+(1-RH/100)/(0.1*h01/3)
φRH (fcm>35) = [1+(1-RH/100)/(0.1*h01/3)*α1]*α2
φ0 = 2.941 φ0 = φRH * β(fcm) * β(t0)
βc(t,t0) = 0.948 βc(t,t0) = [(t-t0)/(βH+t-t0)]0.3
φ(t,t0) = 2.789 φ(t,t0) = φ0 * βc(t,t0)
CHECKS Page:3(7)
3. Calculation for minimum nominal concrete cover (EC2 section 4.4)
cmin,b = 10 mm cmin,b =MAX Ømain - Øhaka
Øhaka
cmin,dur,basic = 10 fck,min = 20 MPa
+cmin,100v = 0 mm Ehto: fck > fck,min OK
+cmin,fck = 0 mm fck,red = 30 MPa
+cmin,rkl = 0 mm
cmin,dur = 10 mm cmin,dur=cmin,dur,basic+cmin,100v+cmin,fck +cmin,rkl

∆cdur,γ = 0 mm
∆cdur,st = 0 mm
∆cdur,add = 0 mm cmin,b
cmin = 10 mm cmin =MAX cmin,dur+∆cdur,γ-∆cdur,st-∆cdur,add
∆cdev = 10 mm 10mm

cnom = 20 mm cnom = ∆cdev + cmin

Criterion:
Nominal concr. cover, c = 35 mm c>cnom OK
4. Calculation for minimum clear distance between parallel bars (EC2 section 8.2)

k1 = 1
k2 = 3 mm
Ømain = 16 mm
dg = 20 mm k1*Ømain
amin =MAX dg+k2
amin = 23 mm 20mm
Criterion:
ah = 148.67 mm ah>amin OK
ab = 148.67 mm ab>amin OK

5. Minimum and maximum requirements for main reinforcement (EC2 section 9.5.2)

Ac = 360000 mm^2 NEd,max= 518 kN

As,min = 720 mm^2 As,min= MAX 0.1*NEd,max/fyd

0.002*Ac
As,max = 21600 mm^2 As,max= 0.06*Ac
Criterion:
Astot = 2413 mm^2 Astot >Asmin OK
Astot <Asmax OK

6. Minimum and maximum requirements for transversal reinforcement (links) (EC2 section 9.5.3)
Criterion:
Ølinks,min = 6 mm Ølinks,min=MAX 0.25*Ø Ølinks>Øh,min OK
6mm
15*Ømain Criterion:
scl,tmax = 240 mm s cl,tmax
=MIN min(H, B) s<scl,tmax OK
400 mm

7. Check for restainement of the main reinforcement (EC2 section 9.5.3(6))

9.5.3(6) Every longitudinal bar or bundle of bars placed in a corner should be held by transverse reinforcement.
No bar within a compression zone should be further than 150 mm from a restrained bar.
Max distance on H side = 165 mm INTERNAL LINKS REQUIRED
Max distance on B side = 165 mm INTERNAL LINKS REQUIRED
DIMENSIONING CALCULATIONS Page:4(7)
8. Calculation for equivalent moment M0e (EC2 section 5.8.8.2)
M01,yy = MIN (M0yy,top ; M0yy,btm) M01,zz = MIN (M0zz,top ; M0zz,btm)
M02,yy =MAX (M0yy,top ; M0yy,btm) M02,zz =MAX (M0zz,top ; M0zz,btm)
M0e,yy =MAX 0.6*M02,yy+0.4*M01,yy M0e,zz =MAX 0.6*M02,zz+0.4*M01,zz
0.4*M02,yy 0.4*M02,zz
Around Y-Y axis Around Z-Z axis Criterion:
M01,yy M02,yy M0e,yy M01,zz M02,zz M0e,zz lM02,yyl > lM01,yyl
[kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] lM02,zzl > lM01,zzl
L/C 1 0.0 101.0 60.6 0.00 1.00 0.6
L/C 2 0.0 101.0 60.6 0.00 5.00 3.0
L/C 3 0.0 71.0 42.6 0.00 62.00 37.2
L/C 4 0.0 2.0 1.2 0.00 8.00 4.8

9. Calculation for moment caused by geometric imperfections (EC2 section 5.2, method a))

θ0 = 1/200 m= 1 L= 0.8 m
θi = 1/200 αm = 1 αh = 1.000
θi = θ0*αm*αh αm = [0,5*(1+1/m)]0,5 αh = 2/(L)0,5; 2/3<αh<1

NEd Mi,yy Mi,zz Consider imperfections: Y-direction

[kN] [kNm] [kNm] ei,zz = 0.00 mm
L/C 1 -200 0.00 0.80 ei,yy = 4.00 mm
L/C 2 400 0.00 1.60
L/C 3 518 0.00 2.07 ei,zz = θi*L0,yy/2 Mi,yy = ei,zz*NEd
L/C 4 -334 0.00 1.34 ei,yy = θi*L0,zz/2 Mi,zz = ei,yy*NEd

10. Calculation for effective creep ratio φef (EC2 section 5.8.4)

M0Eqp,yy/ M0Eqp,zz/ Creep coefficient

M0Ed,yy φef,yy M0Ed,zz φef,zz φ(t,t0) = 2.79
L/C 1 0.74 2.07 0.74 2.07
L/C 2 0.74 2.07 0.74 2.07 φef,yy = φ(t,t0)*(M0Eqpyy/M0Edyy)
L/C 3 0.74 2.07 0.74 2.07 φef,yy = φ(t,t0)*(M0Eqpyy/M0Edyy)
L/C 4 0.74 2.07 0.74 2.07

11. Calculation of bending resistance MRd for different values of normal force NEd

11.1. Bending resistance MRd,yy around Y-Y axis MRdyy = fMRd+f∆MRd*[(NEd-fNRd,yy)/f∆NRd]

NEd fNRd,yy fMRd,yy f∆NRd,yy f∆MRd,yy MRd,yy
[kN] [kN] [kNm] [kN] [kNm] [kNm]
L/C 1 -200 -235.2 156.8 95.5 24.4 165.8
L/C 2 400 373.1 301.8 43.9 9.2 307.5
L/C 3 518 482.6 323.6 169.8 25.6 328.9
L/C 4 -334 -413.2 110.6 84.1 22.0 131.3

11.2. Bending resistance MRd,yy around Z-Z axis

MRdzz = fMRd,zz+f∆MRd,zz*[(NEd-fNRd,zz)/f∆NRd]
NEd [kN] fNRd,zz fMRd,zz f∆NRd,zz f∆MRd,zz MRd,zz
[kN] [kN] [kNm] [kN] [kNm] [kNm]
L/C 1 -200 -235.2 156.8 95.5 24.4 165.8
L/C 2 400 373.1 301.8 43.9 9.2 307.5
L/C 3 518 482.6 323.6 169.8 25.6 328.9
L/C 4 -334 -413.2 110.6 84.1 22.0 131.3
12. Calculation for limiting slenderness λlim (EC2 section 5.8.3.1) Page:5(7)

B= 1.19 B = (1+2*ω)0.5

12.1. Limiting slenderness around Y-Y axis

Ayy = 1/(1+0.2*φef,yy)
Cyy = 1.7 - rm,yy rm,yy = M01,yy/M02,yy
λlim,yy = 20*Ayy*B*Cyy/(n0.5) n = NEd/(Ac*fcd)
Criterion:
NEd n Ayy rm,yy Cyy λlim,yy λyy λyy>λlim,yy
[kN]
L/C 1 -200.00 -0.05 0.71 0.00 1.70 9999.00 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 2 400.00 0.10 0.71 0.00 1.70 91.29 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 3 518.00 0.13 0.71 0.00 1.70 80.22 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 4 -334.00 -0.08 0.71 0.00 1.70 9999.00 9.24 Not-Slender

12.2. Limiting slenderness around Z-Z axis

Azz = 1/(1+0.2*φef,zz)
Czz = 1.7 - rm,zz rm,zz = M01,zz/M02,zz
λlim,zz = 20*Azz*B*Czz/(n0.5) n = NEd/(Ac*fcd)
Criterion:
NEd n Azz rm,zz Czz λlim,zz λzz λzz>λlim,zz
[kN]
L/C 1 -200 - 0.05 0.71 0.00 1.70 9999.00 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 2 400 0.10 0.71 0.00 1.70 91.29 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 3 518 0.13 0.71 0.00 1.70 80.22 9.24 Not-Slender
L/C 4 -334 - 0.08 0.71 0.00 1.70 9999.00 9.24 Not-Slender

13. Calculation for 2nd order moment according to nominal curvature (EC2 section 5.8.8.3)

nu = 1.21 nu = 1+ω
nbal,yy = 0.509 nbal,yy = NRd,bal,yy/(Ac*fcd)
nbal,zz = 0.509 nbal,zz = NRd,bal,zz/(Ac*fcd)

13.1. Second order moment around Y-Y axis

βyy = 0.388 βyy = 0.35 + fck/200 - λyy/150

is,yy = 207.2 mm
dyy= 507.2 mm dyy= H/2 + is,yy

(1/r0)yy= 0.000008 1/mm (1/r0)yy= εyd/(0.45*dyy)

Axial correction factor: Kr,yy = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal,yy) < 1

Creep effect factor: Kφ,yy = 1+ βyy * φef,yy > 1
Curvature: (1/r)yy= Kr,yy * Kφ,yy * (1/r0)yy

Deflection: e2,zz = (1/r)yy*L0yy / cyy

Second order moment: M2,yy = e2,zz*NEd , if λyy > λlim,yy
0 , if λyy < λlim,yy
0 , if M2,yy < 0.1*(M0e,yy + Mi,yy)
NEd n Kr,yy φef,yy Kφ,yy (1/r)yy cyy e2,zz M2,yy
[kN] [1/mm] [mm] [kNm]
L/C 1 -200 -0.05 1.000 2.1 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 2 400 0.10 1.000 2.1 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 3 518 0.13 1.000 2.1 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 4 -334 -0.08 1.000 2.1 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
13.2. Second order moment around Z-Z axis Page:6(7)

βzz = 0.388 βzz = 0.35 + fck/200 - λzz/150

is,zz = 207.2 mm
dzz = 507.2 mm dzz= B/2 + is,zz

(1/r0)zz= 0.000008 1/mm (1/r0)zz= εyd/(0.45*dzz)

Axial correction factor: Kr,zz = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal,zz) < 1

Creep effect factor: Kφ,zz = 1+ βzz * φef,zz > 1
Curvature: (1/r)zz= Kr,zz * Kφ,zz * (1/r0)zz

Deflection: e2,yy = (1/r)zz*L0zz / czz

Second order moment: M2,zz = e2,yy*NEd , if λzz > λlim,zz
0 , if λzz < λlim,zz
0 , if M2,zz < 0.1*(M0e,zz + Mi,zz)
NEd n Kr,zz φef,zz Kφ,zz (1/r)zz czz e2,yy M2,yy
[kN] [1/mm] [mm] [kNm]
L/C 1 -200 - 0.05 1.000 2.07 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 2 400 0.10 1.000 2.07 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 3 518 0.13 1.000 2.07 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000
L/C 4 -334 - 0.08 1.000 2.07 1.802 0.000014 9.87 3.562 0.000

14. Final design bending moments (EC2 sections 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4) )

14.1. Design bending moment around Y-Y axis

e0,zz= 20.00 mm e0,zz= MAX(20mm ; H/30)

Braced structure: Unbraced structure:

e0,zz * NEd e0,zz * NEd
MEd,yy=MAX M02,yy + Mi,yy MEd,yy = MAX M02,yy + M2,yy + Mi,yy
M0e,yy + M2,yy + Mi,yy

NEd M02,yy M0E,yy M2,yy Mi,yy e0,zz*NEd MEd,yy MRd,yy Criterion:

[kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] MRd,yy>MEd,yy
L/C 1 -200 101.0 60.6 0.000 0.00 4 101.0 165.8 OK
L/C 2 400 101.0 60.6 0.000 0.00 8 101.0 307.5 OK
L/C 3 518 71.0 42.6 0.000 0.00 10.36 71.0 328.9 OK
L/C 4 -334 2.0 1.2 0.000 0.00 6.68 6.7 131.3 OK

14.2. Design bending moment around Z-Z axis

e0,yy= 20.00 mm e0,yy= MAX(20mm ; B/30)

Braced structure: Unbraced structure:

e0,yy * NEd e0,yy * NEd
MEd,zz=MAX M02,zz + Mi,zz MEd,zz = MAX M02,zz + M2,zz + Mi,zz
M0e,zz + M2,zz + Mi,zz

NEd M02,zz M0E,zz M2,zz Mi,zz e0,yy*NEd MEd,zz MRd,zz Criterion:

[kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] MRd,zz>MEd,zz
L/C 1 -200 1.00 0.60 0.000 0.80 4 4.0 165.8 OK
L/C 2 400 5.00 3.00 0.000 1.60 8 8.0 307.5 OK
L/C 3 518 62.00 37.20 0.000 2.07 10.36 64.1 328.9 OK
L/C 4 -334 8.00 4.80 0.000 1.34 6.68 9.3 131.3 OK
15. Check for biaxial bending (EC2 section 5.8.9(4)) Page:7(7)

NRd,comp.= 4919.2 kN NRd,comp.= Ac*fcd + As*fyd

NRd,tens.= 839.2 kN NRd,tens.= As*fyd

Exponent a for rectangular cross section (intermediate values are interpolated)

NEd / NRd = <0.1 0.7 >1
a= 1.0 1.5 2.0

a a
Equation (5.39) = (MEdyy/MRdyy) + (MEdzz/MRdzz) < 1.0

NEd NEd/NRd a (MEd/MRd)yy (MEd/MRd)zz Equation Criterion:

[kN] 5.39 (5.39) < 1
L/C 1 -200.0 -0.238 1.000 0.609 0.024 0.633 OK
L/C 2 400.0 0.081 1.000 0.328 0.026 0.354 OK
L/C 3 518.0 0.105 1.004 0.216 0.195 0.408 OK
L/C 4 -334.0 -0.398 1.000 0.051 0.071 0.122 OK
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / N-M interaction calculations around Y-Y and Z-Z axis, 1/4 Version 1.0 Reinforced concrete

H= 600 mm no. of bars h side = 4 kpl

B= 600 mm no. of bars b side = 4 kpl
CONCRETE c= 35 mm
fcd εc3 εcu3 Ølinks = 10 mm
MPa ‰ ‰ λ η d'1 = 53 mm Ømain = 16 mm
C20/25 11.33 1.750 3.500 0.80 1.00 a'h = 164.7 mm As1 = 201.1 mm2
REINFORCEMENT a'b = 164.7 mm
fyd Es εyd εud
MPa MPa ‰ ‰ (1-εc3/εcu3)/H= 300 mm
A400HW 347.83 200000 1.74 10 NRd and MRd calculation
NRd and MRd calculations around Y-Y-axis 2-->3 10 steps 2-->3 10 steps 3-->4
TENSION FAILURE εYP = 0 ∆x = 8.1 mm ∆x = 6.0 mm ∆x =
1 2 3 4
layer n d'n [mm] x= -∞ 0 8.1 16.3 24.4 32.6 40.7 48.9 57.0 65.2 73.3 81.5 87.5 93.5 99.6 105.6 111.6 117.7 123.7 129.7 135.8 141.8 164.2 186.5 208.9
0 0 0 = εYP -0.0100 0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016 0.00175 0.0019 0.0021 0.0023 0.0025 0.0026 0.0028 0.0030 0.0032 0.0033 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
1 53.00 strain εs1
STRAIN / MUODONMUUTOS

-0.0100 -0.0010 -0.0008 -0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0004 -0.0002 -0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0010 0.0012 0.0013 0.0015 0.0017 0.0018 0.0020 0.0022 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026
2 217.67 strain εs2 -0.0100 -0.0040 -0.0039 -0.0038 -0.0037 -0.0036 -0.0035 -0.0034 -0.0033 -0.0032 -0.0030 -0.0029 -0.0028 -0.0027 -0.0026 -0.0025 -0.0024 -0.0023 -0.0022 -0.0021 -0.0020 -0.0019 -0.0011 -0.0006 -0.0001
3 382.33 strain εs3 -0.0100 -0.0070 -0.0069 -0.0069 -0.0068 -0.0068 -0.0067 -0.0067 -0.0066 -0.0066 -0.0065 -0.0065 -0.0064 -0.0064 -0.0063 -0.0063 -0.0062 -0.0062 -0.0061 -0.0061 -0.0060 -0.0059 -0.0047 -0.0037 -0.0029
4 547.00 strain εs4 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0082 -0.0068 -0.0057
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
[ε]

0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
00 600 00 = εAP -0.0100 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0093 -0.0078 -0.0066
layer n conc. σc = 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.3 3.4 4.5 5.7 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.2 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3
1 stress σs1 -347.8 -193.8 -166.5 -138.3 -109.3 -79.4 -48.5 -16.5 16.4 50.5 75.6 111.0 138.8 167.5 196.8 227.0 258.1 290.0 322.8 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5
2 stress σs2 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -228.1 -116.8 -29.4
STRESS / JÄNNITYS
[ σ = N / mm2 ]

3 stress σs3 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8
4 stress σs4 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
layer n As,n [mm2] Fc = 0 0 4432 17727 39887 70910 110797 159547 217161 283639 358981 443186 476015 508844 541672 574501 607329 640158 672987 705815 738644 771473 893116 1014759 1136402
1 804.2 force Fs1 -279738 -155851 -133888 -111252 -87909 -63828 -38971 -13301 13222 40642 60803 89247 111664 134677 158311 182591 207545 233199 259586 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624
2 402.1 force Fs2 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -91713 -46976 -11817
FORCE / VOIMA

3 402.1 force Fs3 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869
4 804.2 force Fs4
[F=N]

-279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nrd,yy [kN] = Fc + ∑Fsc + ∑(-Fst) = -839.2 -715.3 -688.9 -653.0 -607.5 -552.4 -487.7 -413.2 -329.1 -235.2 -139.7 -27.0 28.2 84.0 140.5 197.6 255.4 313.9 373.1 417.0 449.8 482.6 652.4 818.8 975.6
Mrd,yy [kNm] = 0.0 30.6 37.3 46.8 59.0 73.7 90.9 110.6 132.6 156.8 181.3 209.7 222.8 236.0 249.1 262.3 275.4 288.6 301.8 311.1 317.4 323.6 349.2 372.3 392.4
∆NRd,yy = 123.9 26.4 35.9 45.5 55.1 64.7 74.4 84.1 93.9 95.5 112.7 55.2 55.8 56.5 57.1 57.8 58.5 59.2 43.9 32.8 32.8 169.8 166.4 156.8 150.0

∆MRd,yy = 30.6 6.7 9.5 12.1 14.7 17.2 19.7 22.0 24.3 24.4 28.4 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 9.2 6.4 6.2 25.6 23.1 20.1 17.4
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / N-M interaction calculations around Y-Y and Z-Z axis, 2/4

NRd and MRd calculations around Y-Y-axis continued

10 steps 5-->6 20 steps
22.4 mm MAX M ∆x = 41.7 mm COMPRESSION FAILURE
5 6
231.3 253.6 276.0 298.3 320.7 343.1 365.4 407.2 448.9 490.6 532.3 574.1 615.8 657.5 699.3 741.0 782.7 824.4 866.2 907.9 949.6 991.4 1033.1 1074.8 1116.5 1158.3 1200.0 ∞
0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.00341 0.0032 0.0031 0.0029 0.0028 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.00175

STRAIN / MUODONMUUTOS
0.0027 0.0028 0.0028 0.0029 0.0029 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0031 0.0031 0.0032 0.0032 0.00312 0.0030 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.00175
0.0002 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0013 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 0.0019 0.0021 0.0022 0.00221 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.00175
-0.0023 -0.0018 -0.0013 -0.0010 -0.0007 -0.0004 -0.0002 0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012 0.00129 0.0013 0.0014 0.0014 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.00175
-0.0048 -0.0040 -0.0034 -0.0029 -0.0025 -0.0021 -0.0017 -0.0012 -0.0008 -0.0004 -0.0001 0.0002 0.00038 0.0005 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.00175
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000

[ε]
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
-0.0056 -0.0048 -0.0041 -0.0035 -0.0030 -0.0026 -0.0022 -0.0017 -0.0012 -0.0008 -0.0004 -0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.00175
11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3
336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5
41.1 99.2 136.6 178.0 213.6 244.5 271.7 314.4 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5

STRESS / JÄNNITYS
[ σ = N / mm2 ]
-347.8 -347.8 -269.8 -197.1 -134.5 -80.1 -32.4 42.7 103.8 143.2 185.9 222.5 247.4 258.1 266.5 273.3 279.0 283.7 287.8 291.3 294.3 297.0 299.4 301.5 303.4 305.1 306.6 336.5
-347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -240.4 -153.0 -80.5 -19.3 33.0 76.2 108.2 122.1 142.6 159.6 173.8 186.0 196.5 205.6 213.6 220.7 227.1 232.8 237.9 242.6 336.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1258045 1379687 1501330 1622973 1744616 1866259 1987902 2214907 2441912 2668917 2895922 3122927 3349932 3576937 3803941 4030946 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000
270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624
16544 39903 54919 71559 85879 98331 109260 126444 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312

FORCE / VOIMA
-139869 -139869 -108476 -79248 -54096 -32222 -13026 17159 41731 57566 74761 89457 99492 103775 107162 109909 112180 114090 115719 117124 118348 119425 120379 121230 121995 122685 123311 135312

[F=N]
-279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -193369 -123058 -64708 -15505 26544 61322 87019 98229 114708 128337 139798 149569 157999 165346 171805 177530 182638 187224 191363 195119 270624
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1125.6 1270.6 1438.7 1606.2 1767.3 1923.3 2075.0 2435.8 2766.5 3067.7 3361.1 3644.9 3916.7 4173.7 4415.3 4661.5 4726.5 4739.8 4751.2 4761.1 4769.6 4777.2 4783.8 4789.8 4795.2 4800.0 4804.4 4891.9 = Nrd,yy [kN]
409.9 424.7 434.1 441.6 447.0 450.5 451.8 427.4 399.1 366.1 327.8 283.8 234.5 180.3 122.1 55.1 37.0 34.1 31.5 29.3 27.4 25.7 24.2 22.9 21.7 20.6 19.6 0.0 = Mrd,yy [kNm]
145.0 168.1 167.5 161.1 156.0 151.8 360.7 330.8 301.2 293.4 283.7 271.8 257.0 241.6 246.2 65.0 13.4 11.4 9.8 8.6 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.4 4.8 4.4 87.5 0.0 = ∆NRd,yy

14.8 9.4 7.5 5.5 3.4 1.3 -24.5 -28.3 -32.9 -38.4 -44.0 -49.4 -54.2 -58.1 -67.0 -18.1 -3.0 -2.5 -2.2 -1.9 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -19.6 0.0 = ∆MRd,yy
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / N-M interaction calculations around Y-Y and Z-Z axis, 2/4 Reinforced concrete

H= 600 mm no. of bars h side = 4 kpl

B= 600 mm no. of bars b side = 4 kpl
CONCRETE c= 35 mm
fcd εc3 εcu3 Ølinks = 10 mm
MPa ‰ ‰ λ η d'1 = 53 mm Ømain = 16 mm
C20/25 11.33 1.75 3.5 0.8 1 a'h = 164.667 mm As1 = 201.062 mm2
REINFORCEMENT a'b = 164.667 mm
fsd Es εyd εud
MPa MPa ‰ ‰ (1-εc3/εcu3)/B= 300 mm
A400HW 347.83 200000 1.74 10 NRd ja MRd Z-Z-akselin ym
NRd and MRd calculations around Z-Z-axis 2-->3 10 steps 2-->3 10 steps 3-->4
TENSION FAILURE εYP = 0 ∆x = 8.1 mm ∆x = 6.0 mm ∆x =
1 2 3 4
layer n d'n [mm] x = -∞ 0 8.1 16.3 24.4 32.6 40.7 48.9 57.0 65.2 73.3 81.5 87.5 93.5 99.6 105.6 111.6 117.7 123.7 129.7 135.8 141.8 164.2 186.5 208.9
0 0 = εYP -0.0100 0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 0.0019 0.0021 0.0023 0.0025 0.0026 0.0028 0.0030 0.0032 0.0033 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035
STRAIN / MUODONMUUTOS

1 53 strain εs1 -0.0100 -0.0010 -0.0008 -0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0004 -0.0002 -0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0010 0.0012 0.0013 0.0015 0.0017 0.0018 0.0020 0.0022 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026
2 218 strain εs2 -0.0100 -0.0040 -0.0039 -0.0038 -0.0037 -0.0036 -0.0035 -0.0034 -0.0033 -0.0032 -0.0030 -0.0029 -0.0028 -0.0027 -0.0026 -0.0025 -0.0024 -0.0023 -0.0022 -0.0021 -0.0020 -0.0019 -0.0011 -0.0006 -0.0001
3 382 strain εs3 -0.0100 -0.0070 -0.0069 -0.0069 -0.0068 -0.0068 -0.0067 -0.0067 -0.0066 -0.0066 -0.0065 -0.0065 -0.0064 -0.0064 -0.0063 -0.0063 -0.0062 -0.0062 -0.0061 -0.0061 -0.0060 -0.0059 -0.0047 -0.0037 -0.0029
4 547 strain εs4 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0100 -0.0082 -0.0068 -0.0057
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
[ε]

0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
600 00 = εAP -0.0100 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0110 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0111 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0112 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0113 -0.0093 -0.0078 -0.0066
layer n conc. σc = 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.3 3.4 4.5 5.7 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.2 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3
1 stress σs1 -347.8 -193.8 -166.5 -138.3 -109.3 -79.4 -48.5 -16.5 16.4 50.5 75.6 111.0 138.8 167.5 196.8 227.0 258.1 290.0 322.8 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5
STRESS / JÄNNITYS

2 stress σs2 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -228.1 -116.8 -29.4
[ σ = N / mm2 ]

3 stress σs3 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8
4 stress σs4 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
layer n As,n [mm2] Fc = 0 0 4432 17727 39887 70910 110797 159547 217161 283639 358981 443186 476015 508844 541672 574501 607329 640158 672987 705815 738644 771473 893116 1014759 1136402
1 804.2 force Fs1 -279738 -155851 -133888 -111252 -87909 -63828 -38971 -13301 13222 40642 60803 89247 111664 134677 158311 182591 207545 233199 259586 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624
2 402.1 force Fs2 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -91713 -46976 -11817
FORCE / VOIMA

3 402.1 force Fs3 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869 -139869
[F=N]

4 804.2 force Fs4 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nrd,zz [kN] = Fc + ∑Fsc + ∑(-Fst) = -839.2 -715.3 -688.9 -653.0 -607.5 -552.4 -487.7 -413.2 -329.1 -235.2 -139.7 -27.0 28.2 84.0 140.5 197.6 255.4 313.9 373.1 417.0 449.8 482.6 652.4 818.8 975.6
Mrd,zz [kNm] = 0.0 30.6 37.3 46.8 59.0 73.7 90.9 110.6 132.6 156.8 181.3 209.7 222.8 236.0 249.1 262.3 275.4 288.6 301.8 311.1 317.4 323.6 349.2 372.3 392.4
∆NRd,zz = 123.9 26.4 35.9 45.5 55.1 64.7 74.4 84.1 93.9 95.5 112.7 55.2 55.8 56.5 57.1 57.8 58.5 59.2 43.9 32.8 32.8 169.8 166.4 156.8 150.0

∆MRd,zz = 30.6 6.7 9.5 12.1 14.7 17.2 19.7 22.0 24.3 24.4 28.4 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 13.2 9.2 6.4 6.2 25.6 23.1 20.1 17.4
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / N-M interaction calculations around Y-Y and Z-Z axis, 4/4

NRd ja MRd Z-Z-akselin ympäri jatkuu

10 steps 4-->5 20 steps
22.4 mm MAX M ∆x = 41.7 mm COMPRESSION FAILURE
5 6
231.3 253.6 276.0 298.3 320.7 343.1 365.4 407.2 448.9 490.6 532.3 574.1 615.8 657.5 699.3 741.0 782.7 824.4 866.2 907.9 949.6 991.4 1033.1 1074.8 1116.5 1158.3 1200.0 ∞
0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0035 0.0034 0.0032 0.0031 0.0029 0.0028 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.00175

STRAIN / MUODONMUUTOS
0.0027 0.0028 0.0028 0.0029 0.0029 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0031 0.0031 0.0032 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026 0.0026 0.0025 0.0025 0.0024 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.00175
0.0002 0.0005 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0013 0.0014 0.0016 0.0018 0.0019 0.0021 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0020 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.0019 0.00175
-0.0023 -0.0018 -0.0013 -0.0010 -0.0007 -0.0004 -0.0002 0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0014 0.0014 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.0016 0.00175
-0.0048 -0.0040 -0.0034 -0.0029 -0.0025 -0.0021 -0.0017 -0.0012 -0.0008 -0.0004 -0.0001 0.0002 0.0004 0.0005 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.00175
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000

[ε]
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00000
-0.0056 -0.0048 -0.0041 -0.0035 -0.0030 -0.0026 -0.0022 -0.0017 -0.0012 -0.0008 -0.0004 -0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.00175
11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3 11.3
336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5
41.1 99.2 136.6 178.0 213.6 244.5 271.7 314.4 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5 336.5

STRESS / JÄNNITYS
[ σ = N / mm2 ]
-347.8 -347.8 -269.8 -197.1 -134.5 -80.1 -32.4 42.7 103.8 143.2 185.9 222.5 247.4 258.1 266.5 273.3 279.0 283.7 287.8 291.3 294.3 297.0 299.4 301.5 303.4 305.1 306.6 336.5
-347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -347.8 -240.4 -153.0 -80.5 -19.3 33.0 76.2 108.2 122.1 142.6 159.6 173.8 186.0 196.5 205.6 213.6 220.7 227.1 232.8 237.9 242.6 336.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1258045 1379687 1501330 1622973 1744616 1866259 1987902 2214907 2441912 2668917 2895922 3122927 3349932 3576937 3803941 4030946 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000 4080000
270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624 270624
16544 39903 54919 71559 85879 98331 109260 126444 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312 135312

FORCE / VOIMA
-139869 -139869 -108476 -79248 -54096 -32222 -13026 17159 41731 57566 74761 89457 99492 103775 107162 109909 112180 114090 115719 117124 118348 119425 120379 121230 121995 122685 123311 135312

[F=N]
-279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -279738 -193369 -123058 -64708 -15505 26544 61322 87019 98229 114708 128337 139798 149569 157999 165346 171805 177530 182638 187224 191363 195119 270624
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1125.6 1270.6 1438.7 1606.2 1767.3 1923.3 2075.0 2435.8 2766.5 3067.7 3361.1 3644.9 3916.7 4173.7 4415.3 4661.5 4726.5 4739.8 4751.2 4761.1 4769.6 4777.2 4783.8 4789.8 4795.2 4800.0 4804.4 4891.9 = Nrd,zz [kN]
409.9 424.7 434.1 441.6 447.0 450.5 451.8 427.4 399.1 366.1 327.8 283.8 234.5 180.3 122.1 55.1 37.0 34.1 31.5 29.3 27.4 25.7 24.2 22.9 21.7 20.6 19.6 0.0 = Mrd,zz [kNm]
145.0 168.1 167.5 161.1 156.0 151.8 360.7 330.8 301.2 293.4 283.7 271.8 257.0 241.6 246.2 65.0 13.4 11.4 9.8 8.6 7.5 6.7 6.0 5.4 4.8 4.4 87.5 0.0 = ∆NRd,zz

14.8 9.4 7.5 5.5 3.4 1.3 -24.5 -28.3 -32.9 -38.4 -44.0 -49.4 -54.2 -58.1 -67.0 -18.1 -3.0 -2.5 -2.2 -1.9 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -19.6 0.0 = ∆MRd,zz
 Structural calculation, results
Author: ANa Page: 1 (3)
Date: 2/18/2021
Project: Job no: Contents: Location:
Lazareto Extension 0 Pedestal design 0
Stack Foundation 0 0 0
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending Version 1.0
Cross section dimensions: Column length and bucklingfactors:
Height, H = 600 mm Column lenght, L = 800 mm
Widht, B = 600 mm μyy = 2 μzz = 2
Ac = 360000 mm2 L0,yy = 1600 mm L 0,zz
= 1600 mm
Nominal concrete cover and max. aggregate size: i,yy = 173.2 mm i,zz = 173.2 mm
Nominal concr. cover, c = 35 mm λyy = 9.24 λzz = 9.24
∆cdev = 10 mm Envinronment:
Max aggregate, dg = 20 mm t0 = 28 Exposure class = XC1
cnom = 20 mm t= 3650 Des. working life = 50 vuotta
amin = 23 mm φ(t,t0) = 2.789 RH = 40%
Reinforcement:
Ømain = 16 mm
no. of bars h side = 4 =nh
no. of bars b side = 4 =nb
∑bars = 12 kpl
ω= 0.206
Ølinks = 10 mm
Ølinks,min = 6 mm
s= 150 mm
Materials: scl,max = 240 mm
Structure class = 2 As = 2413 mm2
REINFORCEMENT As,min = 720 mm2
Partial factor, γs = 1.15 As,max = 21600 mm2
fyk [Mpa] fyd [Mpa] Es [Mpa] εyd [‰] εud [‰] is,yy = 207.2 mm
A400HW 400 347.83 200000 1.739 10 is,zz = 207.2 mm
dyy = 507.2 mm
CONCRETE dzz = 507.2 mm
αcc = 0.85 UMPIHAAT RIITTÄVÄT
Partial factor, γc = 1.5 0 0 0
fck [Mpa] fcd [Mpa] fcm [Mpa] Ecm [Gpa] εc3 [‰] εcu3 [‰] λ η
C20/25 20 11.33 28 19.97 1.75 3.5 0.8 1
Structure is:
Given forces include 2-order effects: Yes Unbraced(mast pillar) in Z-direction
Consider imperfections: Y-direction Unbraced(mast pillar) in Y-direction

ULS - Ultimate limit state forces Ratio of 1-order SLS and Curvature
Compression = (+) Top Bottom ULS bending moments distribution
Tension = (-) M0yy,top M0zz,top M0yy,btm M0zz,btm factor
(M0Eqp/ (M0Eqp/
NEd [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] M0Ed)yy M0Ed)zz cyy czz
L/C 1 -200 0 0 101 1 0.741 0.741 9.9 9.9
L/C 2 400 0 0 101 5 0.741 0.741 9.9 9.9
L/C 3 518 0 0 71 62 0.741 0.741 9.9 9.9
L/C 4 -334 0 0 2 8 0.741 0.741 9.9 9.9
 Structural calculation, results
Author: ANa Page: 2 (3)
Date: 2/18/2021
Project: Job no: Contents: Location:
Lazareto Extension 0 Pedestal design 0
Stack Foundation 0 0 0
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending Version 1.0
Calculation around Y-Y axis
Calculation for equivalent moment (M 0e) and moment caused by imperfections (M i)
0 NEd M01,yy M02,yy M0e,yy Mi,yy Consider imperfections: Y-direction
0 [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] ei,zz = 0.00 mm
L/C 1 -200 0 101 60.6 0.00
L/C 2 400 0 101 60.6 0.00
L/C 3 518 0 71 42.6 0.00
L/C 4 -334 0 2 1.2 0.00

Calculation for final design bending moment

λyy λyy>λlim,yy M02,yy M0E,yy M2,yy Mi,yy e0,zz*NEd MEd,yy MRd,yy
0 0 [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
L/C 1 9999.0 Not-Slender 101 60.6 0 0.0 4 101.0 165.8
L/C 2 91.3 Not-Slender 101 60.6 0 0.0 8 101.0 307.5
L/C 3 80.2 Not-Slender 71 42.6 0 0.0 10.36 71.0 328.9
L/C 4 9999.0 Not-Slender 2 1.2 0 0.0 6.68 6.7 131.3
Calculation around Z-Z axis
Calculation for equivalent moment (M0e) and moment caused by imperfections (Mi)
0 NEd M01,zz M02,zz M0e,zz Mi,zz
0 [kN] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] Consider imperfections: Y-direction
L/C 1 -200 0 1 0.6 0.8 ei,yy = 4.00 mm
L/C 2 400 0 5 3 1.6
L/C 3 518 0 62 37.2 2.072
L/C 4 -334 0 8 4.8 1.336

Calculation for final design bending moment

0 λzz λzz>λlim,zz M02,zz M0E,zz M2,zz Mi,zz e0,yy*NEd MEd,zz MRd,zz
0 0 0 [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm] [kNm]
L/C 1 9999.0 Not-Slender 1 0.6 0.00 0.8 4 4.0 165.8
L/C 2 91.3 Not-Slender 5 3 0.00 1.6 8 8.0 307.5
L/C 3 80.2 Not-Slender 62 37.2 0.00 2.072 10.36 64.1 328.9
L/C 4 9999.0 Not-Slender 8 4.8 0.00 1.336 6.68 9.3 131.3
Check for biaxial bending (EC2 section 5.8.9(4))
NEd NEd/NRd a (MEd/MRd)yy (MEd/MRd)zz Equation Criterion:
[kN] (Eq 5.39) (5.39) < 1
L/C 1 -200 -0.238 1.000 0.609 0.024 0.633 OK
L/C 2 400 0.081 1.000 0.328 0.026 0.354 OK
L/C 3 518 0.105 1.004 0.216 0.195 0.408 OK
L/C 4 -334 -0.398 1.000 0.051 0.071 0.122 OK

NOTE! THIS CALCULATION SHEET DOESN'T CONSIDER STRUCTURAL FIRE DESIGN!

STRUCTURAL FIRE DESIGN MUST BE SEPARATELY ACCORDING TO EN-1992-1-2!
 Structural calculation, results
Author: ANa Page: 3 (3)
Date: 2/18/2021
Project: Job no: Contents: Location:
Lazareto Extension 0 Pedestal design 0
Stack Foundation 0 0 0
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending Version 1.0

N-M interaction chart around Y-Y-axis

6000

5000 1

4000
N [kN]

3000

2000

1000
518 400
0 -200
0 -334 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
-1000

-2000
Myy [kNm]

N-M interaction chart around Z-Z-axis

6000

5000 1

4000
N [kN]

3000

2000

1000
400 518
0
-200
-334 50
0 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
-1000

-2000
Mzz [kNm]
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / Data tables Version 1.0

CONCRETE
fck fck,cube fcm fctm fctk,0,05 fctk,0,095 Ecm εc1 εcu1 εc2 εcu2 n εc3 εcu3 λ η
Symbol MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa GPa ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰ ‰
C12/15 12 15 20 1.57 1.1 2.0 27 1.8 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C16/20 16 16 24 1.90 1.3 2.5 29 1.9 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C20/25 20 20 28 2.21 1.5 2.9 30 2.0 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C25/30 25 25 33 2.56 1.8 3.3 31 2.1 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C30/37 30 30 38 2.90 2.0 3.8 33 2.2 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C35/45 35 45 43 3.21 2.2 4.2 34 2.2 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C40/50 40 50 48 3.51 2.5 4.6 35 2.3 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C45/55 45 55 53 3.80 2.7 4.9 36 2.4 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C50/60 50 60 58 4.07 2.9 5.3 37 2.5 3.5 2.0 3.5 2.0 1.75 3.5 0.8 1.0
C55/67 55 67 63 4.21 3.0 5.5 38 2.5 3.2 2.2 3.1 1.8 1.8 3.1 0.79 0.98
C60/75 60 75 68 4.35 3.0 5.7 39 2.6 3.0 2.3 2.9 1.6 1.9 2.9 0.78 0.95
C70/85 70 85 78 4.61 3.2 6.0 41 2.7 2.8 2.4 2.7 1.4 2.0 2.7 0.75 0.90
C80/95 80 95 88 4.84 3.4 6.3 42 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.6 1.4 2.2 2.6 0.73 0.85
C90/105 90 105 98 5.04 3.5 6.6 44 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 1.4 2.3 2.6 0.70 0.80

REINFORCEMENT Structure classes: Design working lifes Relative humidity

fyk Es εyk εud Symbol Description Symbol Description RH% Description
Symbol MPa MPa ‰ ‰ 1 1-Luokka 50 vuotta 50 Vuotta 100% Water
A400HW 400 200000 2 10 2 2-Luokka 100 vuotta 100 Vuotta 90% Highly moist air
A500HW 500 200000 2.5 10 Onnettomuus Onnettomuus 70% Outdoors
A600HW 600 200000 3 10 40% Indoors
A700HW 700 200000 3.5 10

REINFORCEMENT, Areas No of bar layers COLUMN modular dimensions Aggregate sizes, dg

Ø As kpl Symbol mm dg [mm]
mm mm2 2 2M 180 8
6 28 3 3M 280 12
8 50 4 4M 380 16
10 79 5 5M 480 32
12 113 6 6M 580
16 201 7 7M 680 Yes / No list
20 314 8 8M 780 Yes
25 491 9 9M 880 No
32 804 10

Bracing table
EXPOSURE CLASSES: Unbraced(mast pillar) in Z-direction
fck,min cmin,dur cmin,100v cmin,fck fck,red Braced in Z-direction
Symbol MPa mm mm mm MPa Description Unbraced(mast pillar) in Y-direction
X0 12 10 0 -5 20 For concrete with reinforcement or embedded metal: very dry Braced in Y-direction
XC1 20 10 0 -5 30 Dry or permanently wet
XC2 25 20 5 -5 35 Wet, rarely dry Imperfection table
XC3 30 20 5 -5 35 Moderate humidity Z-direction ei,yy=0
XC4 30 25 5 -5 35 Cyclic wet and dry Y-direction ei,zz=0
XD1 30 30 5 -5 35 Moderate humidity don't consider ei,zz=ei,yy=0
XD2 30 35 5 -5 35 Wet, rarely dry
XD3 35 40 5 -5 45 Cyclic wet and dry Slender/short table
XS1 30 30 5 -5 40 Exposed to airborne salt but not in direct contact with sea water Slender
XS2 35 40 5 -5 45 Permanently submerged Not-Slender
XS3 35 40 5 -5 45 Tidal, splash and spray zones
Simple loops table
OK
OK - main bars only in corners
INTERNAL LINKS REQUIRED
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / NDP VALUES Version 1.0

Partial factors for concrete (EC2 section 2.4.2.4):

1.35 1-Class
1.5 2-Class
1.2 Accident
0.85 αcc

Partial factors for reinforcement (EC2 section 2.4.2.4):

1.1 1-Class
1.15 2-Class
1 Accident

Minimum clear distance between bars (EC2 section 8.2)

k1= 1
k2= 3 mm

Minimum and maximum requirements for main reinforcement (EC2 section 9.5.2)
As,min= 0.002 *Ac
As,max= 0.06 *Ac

Maximum allowable spacing of transversal reinforcement (links) (EC2 9.5.3(3))

scl,tmax= 15 *Ømain
600 =Minimi(B_mitta/H_mitta)
400 mm
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / FLOW CHART Version 1.0
Selitykset

Input given by the user

Correction made by the user if Input the cross section dimensions:

conditions are not met - Heigth (H) - width (B)

Matter in which user must pay

attention to.
Check:
- H < 4*B (EC2 9.5.1(1))
- H > B (EC2 9.5.1(1))
Calculation performed by the - H > 150mm or B > 150mm (BY 210, s.419)
spreadsheet - H < 2000 mm

Check performed by the

spreadsheet Ok

Input:
- column length (L)
Calculation about both
- buckling factors (μyy) & (μzz)
axises Note! Refer to EC2 5.6.3.2 how calculate the
exact buckling factors.

Check:
Calculation around Z- - (L) > 0
Calculation around Y-Y
Z
axis - (μyy) > 0 ja (μzz) > 0
axis

Is the column Unbraced(mast pillar) in Y- Is the column Unbraced(mast pillar) in Z-

direction? direction?

Yes No Yes
No

Check:
- (μzz) > 2
Check:
- (μyy) > 2

Calculate buckling length Calculate buckling length

L0zz=L*μzz L0yy=L*μyy
Calculate radius of gyration Calculate radius of gyration
izz=B/120,5 iyy=H/120,5
Calculate slenderness Calculate slenderness
λzz=L0zz/izz λyy=L0yy/iyy

Check: Check:
- (λzz) < 140 (BY210 s.421) - (λyy) < 140 (BY210 s.421)

Input the envinronmental factors:

- Exposure class (X0...XD4)
Ok - Design working life (50v tai 100v) Ok
- Relative humidity RH, (0...100%)
- Age of concrete at the time of loading t0
- Time being considered t

Check :
- t0 > 28d
- t0 < t
- 0% > RH > 100%

Yes
Yes
 Input the materials:
- Structure class (1-, 2-class or accident)
- Concrete (C12/15...C90/105)
- Reinforcement (400...700)

Check the for concrete compression

strength fck required by the exposure
class

Ok

Note: If necessary, change the perimeter of the Calculate creep coefficient

member in contact with the atmosphere (u) . By φ(t,t0)
default u=2*(B+H).

Input the reinforcement:

- Diameter of the mainbars (Ø main), 8...32mm
- Number of steel layers on H side (n h), 2...10
- Number of steel layers on B side (n b), 2...10
- Spacing of the links (s)

Calculate the requirement for the links (EC2 9.5.3):

Øh,min = MAX(0,25*Ømain ; 6mm)
sctl,max = MIN(15*Ømain ; H ; B ; 400mm )

Check:
- Øh > Øh,min
- s < scl,tmax

Ok

Calculate the requirement for the main bars (EC2 9.5.2):

As,min = MAX(0,1*NEd,max/fyd ; 0,002*Ac)
As,max = 0,06*Ac

Note: if necessary, change the additive safety factors Check:

Δcdur,γ, Δcdur,st tai Δcdur,add. - As > As,min
By default all of the factors are set to zero. - As < As,max

Ok

Input:
- nominal concret cover (c)
- allowable deviation (∆cdev)
- max aggregate size (d g)

Note:If the structure has multiple exposure Calculate the minimum clear distance (EC2 8.2)
classes, nominal concrete cover(c) and concrete amin = MAX(k1*Ømain ; dg+k2 ; 20mm)
strenght (fck) need to be checked separately for
each exposure class.

Check:
- ah > amin
- ab > amin

Ok

Calculate the minimum allowable nominal concrete cover (EC2

4.4)
cnom=cmin+∆cdev
cmin = MAX(cmin,b ; cmin,dur+∆cdur,γ+∆cdur,st+∆cdur,add ; 10mm)
Calculate the minimum allowable nominal concrete cover (EC2
4.4)
cnom=cmin+∆cdev
cmin = MAX(cmin,b ; cmin,dur+∆cdur,γ+∆cdur,st+∆cdur,add ; 10mm)
 Check:
c > cnom

Ok

Calculate the radius gyration for reinforcement Calculate the N-M interaction diagram
is,yy & is,zz based on the given cross section,
reinforcement and material values

Input the ULS forces:

- Axial force(NEd)
- Bending moment at the top of the column (M 0yy,top) ja (M0zz,top)
- Bending moment at the bottom of the column (M 0yy,btm) ja (M0zz,btm)
- Ratio of SLS and ULS bending moments (M 0Eqp/M0Ed)yy ja (M0Eqp/M0Ed)zz
- Curvature distribution factors (c yy) ja (czz)

Check: Check:
8 < (czz) < 10 False False 8 < (cyy) < 10

Ok Ok

Calculate the end moments (EC2 5.8.8.2(2): Calculate the end moments (EC2 5.8.8.2(2):
M01zz = MIN(M0zz,top ; M0zz,btm) M01yy = MIN(M0yy,top ; M0yy,btm)
M02zz = MAX(M0zz,top ; M0zz,btm) M02yy = MAX(M0yy,top ; M0yy,btm)

Check: Check:
IM02,zzI > IM01,zzI IM02,yyI > IM01,yyI

Ok
Ok

Calculate the equivalent moment (EC2 5.8.8.2(2)) Calculate the equivalent moment (EC2 5.8.8.2(2))
M0eyy =MAX(0.6*M02,yy+0.4*M01,yy ; 0,4*M02,yy) M0eyy =MAX(0.6*M02,yy+0.4*M01,yy ; 0,4*M02,yy)

Calculate the effective creep coefficient (EC2 5.8.4(2)) Calculate the effective creep coefficient (EC2 5.8.4(2))
φef,zz =φ(t,t0)*(M0Eqpzz/M0Edzz) φef,yy =φ(t,t0)*(M0Eqpyy/M0Edyy)

Note: If needed, change the basic value of inclination Select how imperfections are considired
(θ0 ) and the reduction factor for length or heigth (m) . - Z-direction
-Y-direction
By default: θ0=1/200 & m=1 -don't consider

Consider imperfections in Y-direction Consider imperfections in Z-direction

Don't consider imperfections

Calculate the moment caused by imperfections

EC2 5.2, method a) Calculate the moment caused by imperfections
ei,zz = 0 EC2 5.2, method a)
ei,yy = θi*L0,zz/2
Mi,yy = 0 ei,zz = θi*L0,yy/2
Mi,zz = ei,yy*NEd
& Mi,yy = ei,zz*NEd
& ei,yy = 0
ei,zz = 0 ; Mi,yy = 0 &
Mi,zz = 0 ei,yy = 0 ; Mi,zz = 0

Calculate the moment capacity M Rd,zz for the given axial Calculate the moment capacity M Rd,yy for the given axial
force NEd force NEd
Calculate the moment capacity M Rd,zz for the given axial Calculate the moment capacity M Rd,yy for the given axial
force NEd force NEd
Calculate the limiting slenderness Calculate the limiting slenderness
(EC2 5.8.3.1) (EC2 5.8.3.1)
λlim,zz = 20*Azz*B*Czz/(n0.5) λlim,yy = 20*Ayy*B*Cyy/(n0.5)
where, where,
Azz = 1/(1+0.2*φef,zz) ; B = (1+2*ω)0.5 ; Czz =1.7 - rm,zz ; Ayy = 1/(1+0.2*φef,yy) ; B = (1+2*ω)0.5 ; Cyy =1.7 - rm,yy ;
rm,zz = M01,zz/M02,zz ; n = NEd/(Ac*fcd) rm,yy = M01,yy/M02,yy ; n = NEd/(Ac*fcd)

Check if: Check if:

λzz < λlim,zz λyy < λlim,yy
M2,zz < 0.1*(M0e,zz + Mi,zz) No Given forces include 2-order effects? No M2,yy < 0.1*(M0e,yy + Mi,yy)
NEd < 0 NEd < 0

Yes Tes True

True
False False

Calculate the 2nd order moment M2yy No need to consider 2nd order Calculate the 2nd order moment M2zz
No need to consider 2nd order
according to nomincal curvature method moment: moment: according to nomincal curvature method
(EC2 kohta 5.8.8) M2,zz = 0 M2,yy = 0 (EC2 kohta 5.8.8)
M2yy = e2yy*NEd M2yy = e2yy*NEd

(1/r0)zz = εyd/(0.45*dzz) (1/r0)yy = εyd/(0.45*dyy)

Kr,zz = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal,zz) < 1 Kr,yy = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal,yy) < 1
Kφ,zz = 1+ βyy * φef,zz Kφ,yy = 1+ βyy * φef,yy
(1/r)zz = Kr,zz * Kφ,zz * (1/r0)zz (1/r)yy = Kr,yy * Kφ,yy * (1/r0)yy
e2,zz = (1/r)zz*L0zz / czz e2,yy = (1/r)yy*L0yy / cyy
M2,zz = e2,zz*NEd M2,yy = e2,yy*NEd

Calculate the minimum eccentrity in the direction of Y-axis, Calculate the minimum eccentrity in the direction of Z-axis,
EC2 6.1(4) EC2 6.1(4)
e0,yy=MAX(20mm ; B/30) e0,zz=MAX(20mm ; H/30)

Calculate the design bending moment Calculate the design bending moment
(EC2 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4)) (EC2 5.8.8.2 & 6.1(4))
For braced structure: For braced structure:
e0yy*NEd e0zz*NEd
MEd,zz= MAX M02zz + Mizz MEd,yy= MAX M 02yy + Miyy
M0ezz+ M2zz + Mizz M0eyy+ M2yy + Miyy
For unbraced(mast pillar) structure: For unbraced(mast pillar) structure:
e0yy*NEd e0zz*NEd
MEd,yy= MAX M02zz + M2zz + Mizz MEd,yy= MAX M02yy + M2yy + Miyy

Check: Check:
MRdzz > MEdzz MRdyy > MEdyy

Ok Ok

Check biaxial bending using equation 5.39 from EC2 5.8.9(4)

Check:
(MEdyy/MRdyy)a + (MEdzz/MRdzz)a < 1.0

Ok

Check the Fire Design requirements according to EN1992-1-2

For mast pillars refer to: "Teräsbetonisen mastopilarin
palomitoitusohje" betoni.com
Check the Fire Design requirements according to EN1992-1-2
For mast pillars refer to: "Teräsbetonisen mastopilarin
palomitoitusohje" betoni.com
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending
Translated Version 1.0
Instructions

1. General description
This MS Excel calculation sheet (later referred as spreadsheet) performs ULS dimensioning and checks for
Normal Force and Biaxial Bending for symmetrically reinforcerd concrete column according to EN 1991-1-1
(later referred as Eurocode or EC2)

Spreadsheet plots N-M interaction diagrams around both axises (Y-Y and Z-Z). Design bending moments are
calculated separately for each axis. Biaxial bending is checked according to EC2 5.8.9(4). Spreadsheet
considers 2nd order effects according to nominal curvature method (EC2 section 5.8.8.3).

This spreadsheet doesn't consider SLS design (crack widths, deflections), design for shear or design
for Fire situation.

2. Licence conditions
Copyright: Citec Engineering Oy AB and The Finnish Association of Consulting Firms SKOL 2009-2010
 
This License agreement constitutes Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending-software license with
the receiving party of the license (Licensee) and the Licensor Citec Engineering Oy AB together with The
Finnish Association of Consulting Firms SKOL. Using this software you will accept all the terms and
limitations within this license agreement even before taking the software into use.
 
The License agreement applies to the Licensee Company and the company’s affiliates. Licensed software
can only used in a company that is based in Finland. Company that is operating abroad can use the software
only if the project is executed in Finland.

Software and all the associated rights are the property of Licensor. According to the License agreement you
have no ownership or intellectual property rights of the software. You have only a limited access to the
software without the right of transmission to a third party. Software can only be used in Licensee’s internal
operations. Licensee has the right to make copies of the software for its own use. All such copies must
include all Copyright and other legal rights notices. Licensor provides access to the software “as is” without
any obligation of repairing or updating the software.
 
Licensee is solely responsible for the use of software, printouts, results, entered information and errors
contained in them. Licensor does not warrant the accuracy of calculations or printouts. Software performs the
calculations according to the latest design standards, design guidelines and their generally accepted national
attachments and application rules, but it does not eliminate the Licensee’s responsibility for the accuracy of
the calculations. Absolute requirement of this License agreement is that all the printouts and calculations
done with software are reviewed thoroughly before their implementation.
 
English text is a translation from Finnish and in the occurrence of any miss translations the Finnish text is
binding.

3. Desciptions of the calculations

All the calculations are done on "Calculations" and "Calculation_N-M" worksheets. Calculation process in
described on the flowchart worksheet.

3.1 Input

All of the necessary input is given on the "Input" worksheet. Spreadsheet gives a warning If some of the
inputs doesn't meet the design criteria or the capacity of the cross section is exceeded.

3.2 Checks for minimum requirements

Spreadsheet performs the following checks based on the given input:

- Check for nominal concrete cover according to EC2 4.4.
- Check for clear distance between main bars according to EC8.2
- Check for minimum and maximum areas of steel according to EC2 9.5.2.
- Check for requirements for the links, minimum diameter and spacing, according to EC2 9.5.3
- Check if simple hoops are enough to restrain main bars according to EC2 9.5.3(6)

Spreadsheet calculates radius of gyration for reinforcement about both axises and creep coefficient.

Spreadsheet does NOT perform the following checks:

- Check for minimum cover and minimum width required by Fire Design EN1992-1-2

3.3 Design calculations

Design calculations are done simultaneously about Y-Y and Z-Z axises. First step is the changing of column
bottom and top moments to (Mtop, Mbtm) to end moments (M01, M02). In all cases IM02I > M01 . Look at the
below example
- Check if simple hoops are enough to restrain main bars according to EC2 9.5.3(6)

Spreadsheet calculates radius of gyration for reinforcement about both axises and creep coefficient.

Spreadsheet does NOT perform the following checks:

- Check for minimum cover and minimum width required by Fire Design EN1992-1-2

3.3 Design calculations

Design calculations are done simultaneously about Y-Y and Z-Z axises. First step is the changing of column
bottom and top moments to (Mtop, Mbtm) to end moments (M01, M02). In all cases IM02I > M01 . Look at the
below example

Example 1: Mtop = +200 kNm, Mbtm = -50kNm => M01 = -50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 2: Mtop = -200 kNm, Mbtm = +50kNm => M01 = -50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 3: Mtop = +200 kNm, Mbtm = +50kNm => M01 = +50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 4: Mtop = -200 kNm, Mbtm = -50kNm => M01 = +50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm

Equivalent moment (M0e) is calculated nased on the end moments according to EC2 5.8.8.2.

In the next step spreadsheet calculates the bending moment caused by imperfections (Mi). It is calculated
according to EC 5.2 with method [a]. Imperfections need to be taken into account in the direction where they
will the most unfauvarable effect (EC2 5.8.9(2)). This means that the imperfection in other direction is taken
as zero. User must select in which direction, Y or Z, he wants to consider imperfection. If the imperfections
are already considered in the given ULS forces user should select "don't consider" on the "Input" sheet. Loot
at the example below.

Consider imperfections:
Z-direction ==> Mi,yy = ei,zz*NEd , Mi,zz = 0
Y-direction ==> Mi,yy = 0 , Mi,zz = ei,yy*NEd
don't consider ==> Mi,yy = 0 , Mi,zz = 0

In the next step spreadsheet calculated the effective creep (ϕef) based on the given bending moment ratios
(M0Eqp/M0Ed) and creep coefficient ϕ(t,t0)

After that bending moment capacity (MRd) is calculated based on the given normal force (NEd).

Then limiting slenderness (λlim) is calculated according to EC2 5.8.3.1. If real slenderness exceeds the
limiting slenderness, 2nd order moment is calculated. 2nd order moment is set to zero if one of the following
conditions apply:
- limiting slenderness is smaller than the real slenderness,
- the column is under tension, or the
- 2nd order moments is less than 10% of the first order moment (EC2 5.8.2(6))

If needed 2nd order moment is calculated according to nominal curvature method EC2 5.8.8.3.

Finally spreadsheet calculates the final design bending moments and compares them to bending capacities.
Spreadsheet checks the minimum moment (e0*NEd) according to EC2 6.1(4).

In the end biaxial bending is checked according to EC2 5.8.9(4)

3.4 Description of the N-M Interaction design calculations

N-M interaction diagrams are calculated about both axises. Calculations are based on the limiting values
described in EC2 pictures 3.5 and 6.1. Following conditions are also applied:
- Biliear Stress-strain is used for concrete
- Biliear Stress-strain is used for reinforcement
- Maximum steel strain is limited to εud
- Cross section and the reinforcement are symmetric

Calculations proceed from tension failure to compression failure. Heigth of the compressed area (x) are
calculated between the following "special"points . Refer to the picture shown on the Calculation_N-M work
sheet.
1. Pure tension failure
2. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp=0
3. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp= εc3
4. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp= εcu3
5. Max M
6. Pure comression failure

N-M diagrams are displayed on the Input and Results worksheets.

Spreadsheet does NOT perform the following checks:
- Check for minimum cover and minimum width required by Fire Design EN1992-1-2

3.3 Design calculations

Design calculations are done simultaneously about Y-Y and Z-Z axises. First step is the changing of column
bottom and top moments to (Mtop, Mbtm) to end moments (M01, M02). In all cases IM02I > M01 . Look at the
below example

Example 1: Mtop = +200 kNm, Mbtm = -50kNm => M01 = -50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 2: Mtop = -200 kNm, Mbtm = +50kNm => M01 = -50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 3: Mtop = +200 kNm, Mbtm = +50kNm => M01 = +50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm
Example 4: Mtop = -200 kNm, Mbtm = -50kNm => M01 = +50kNm, M02 = +200 kNm

Equivalent moment (M0e) is calculated nased on the end moments according to EC2 5.8.8.2.

In the next step spreadsheet calculates the bending moment caused by imperfections (Mi). It is calculated
according to EC 5.2 with method [a]. Imperfections need to be taken into account in the direction where they
will the most unfauvarable effect (EC2 5.8.9(2)). This means that the imperfection in other direction is taken
as zero. User must select in which direction, Y or Z, he wants to consider imperfection. If the imperfections
are already considered in the given ULS forces user should select "don't consider" on the "Input" sheet. Loot
at the example below.

Consider imperfections:
Z-direction ==> Mi,yy = ei,zz*NEd , Mi,zz = 0
Y-direction ==> Mi,yy = 0 , Mi,zz = ei,yy*NEd
don't consider ==> Mi,yy = 0 , Mi,zz = 0

In the next step spreadsheet calculated the effective creep (ϕef) based on the given bending moment ratios
(M0Eqp/M0Ed) and creep coefficient ϕ(t,t0)

After that bending moment capacity (MRd) is calculated based on the given normal force (NEd).

Then limiting slenderness (λlim) is calculated according to EC2 5.8.3.1. If real slenderness exceeds the
limiting slenderness, 2nd order moment is calculated. 2nd order moment is set to zero if one of the following
conditions apply:
- limiting slenderness is smaller than the real slenderness,
- the column is under tension, or the
- 2nd order moments is less than 10% of the first order moment (EC2 5.8.2(6))

If needed 2nd order moment is calculated according to nominal curvature method EC2 5.8.8.3.

Finally spreadsheet calculates the final design bending moments and compares them to bending capacities.
Spreadsheet checks the minimum moment (e0*NEd) according to EC2 6.1(4).

In the end biaxial bending is checked according to EC2 5.8.9(4)

3.4 Description of the N-M Interaction design calculations

N-M interaction diagrams are calculated about both axises. Calculations are based on the limiting values
described in EC2 pictures 3.5 and 6.1. Following conditions are also applied:
- Biliear Stress-strain is used for concrete
- Biliear Stress-strain is used for reinforcement
- Maximum steel strain is limited to εud
- Cross section and the reinforcement are symmetric

Calculations proceed from tension failure to compression failure. Heigth of the compressed area (x) are
calculated between the following "special"points . Refer to the picture shown on the Calculation_N-M work
sheet.
1. Pure tension failure
2. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp=0
3. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp= εc3
4. Tension failure when strain at top of the cross section is εyp= εcu3
5. Max M
6. Pure comression failure

N-M diagrams are displayed on the Input and Results worksheets.

4. Used symbols

4.1 Used symbols in the "Input" worksheet

B = Width of the cross section
Betoni = Concrete class
Betoniteräs = Reinforcement class (yield strength)
c = Nominal concrete cover to the edge of the links
cnom = Betonipeitteen
= Minimum nimellisarvon
allowable nominal vähimmäisarvo
concrete cover
Δcdev = Betonipeitteen
= Allowable deviation sallittu mittapoikkeama
cyy = Kokonaiskaarevuuden
= Curvature jakaumasta
distribution factor around riippuva kerroin Y-Y akselin ympäri
Y-Y axis
czz = Kokonaiskaarevuuden jakaumasta
= Curvature distribution factor around Z-Z axis riippuva kerroin Z-Z akselin ympäri
dg = Suurin sallittu
= Max aggregate size raekoko
L = Column length
L0yy = Pilarin
= Buckling lengthnurjahduspituus
around Y-Y axisY-Y akselin ympäri
L0zz = Buckling length around Z-Z axisZ-Z akselin ympäri
= Pilarin nurjahduspituus
H = Heigth of the cross section

M0yy,btm = = Taivutusmomentti
Bending moment ot the pilarin
bottomyläpäässä Y-Y
around Y-Y akselin ympäri.
axis
M0yy,top = = Taivutusmomentti pilarin alapäässä
Bending moment ot the top around Y-Y axis Y-Y akselin ympäri.
M0zz,btm = = Taivutusmomentti
Bending moment ot the pilarin
bottomyläpäässä Z-Z
around Z-Z akselin ympäri.
axis
M0zz,top = Bending moment ot the top around Z-Z axis akselin ympäri.
= Taivutusmomentti pilarin alapäässä Z-Z
M0Eqp = First=order
Lineaarisen
bendinglaskennan
moment in mukainen taivutusmomentti
quasi-permanent käyttörajatilassa
load combination (SLS)
M0Ed = = Lineaarisen laskennan mukainen taivutusmomentti
First order bending moment in design load combination (ULS) murtorajatilassa
(M0Eqp/M0Ed)yy,zz = = Edellämäinittujen
Bending moment ratiotaivutusmomenttien suhde kun taivutusmomentit
NEd = = Normaalivoima
Normal force (ULS)

Structure class = Structure class (Used only in Finland)

Exposure class = Exposure class
RH = Relative humidity
s = Link spacing
Des. working life = Design working life 50 or 100 years
t0 = Age of=concrete
Kuormituksen
at thealkamisajankohta
time of loading
t = Time being considered
no. of bars h side = = Number of bars on H side
no. of bars b side = = Number of bars on B side

μyy = = Nurjahduskerroin
Buckling factor around Y-YY-Y akselin ympäri
axis
μzz = = Nurjahduskerroin
Buckling factor around Z-ZY-Y akselin ympäri
axis
Ømain = = Pääterästen halkaisija
Diameter of the main bars
Ølinks = = Hakaterästen
Diameter of the linkshalkaisija
4.2 Symbols used in the "Calculations" and "Calculations N-M"

a = exponent
amin = minimum clear distance between parallel(main) bars
ah = clear distance between main bars on H side
ab = clear distance between main bars on B side
a'h = centroid distance of main bars on H side
a'b = centroid distance of main bars on B side
Ayy = 1/(1 + 0,2ϕef,yy)
Azz = 1/(1 + 0,2ϕef,zz)
Ac = Cross sectional area of concrete
Astot = Total cross sectional area of reinforcement
As1 = Cross sectional area of reinforcement of one main bar
As,max = Maximum allowable cross sectional area of reinforcement
As,min = minimum cross sectional area of reinforcement
As,n = Cross sectional area of reinforcement on layer n(1..10)

B = (1+2*ω)^0.5

Cyy = 1,7 - rm,yy

Czz = 1,7 - rm,zz
cnom = Minimum allowable nominal concrete cover
cmin = Minimum concrete cover
cmin,b = minimum cover due to bond requirement,
cmin,dur = minimum cover due to environmental conditions
cmin,dur,basic = basic value of minimum cover due to environmental conditions
cmin,100v = addition to concrete cover due to 100year design working life
cmin,fck = reduction to concrete cover due to high strength concrete
cmin,rkl = reduction to concrete cover due to use of 1-class structure class
Δcdur,γ = additive safety element
Δcdur,st = reduction of minimum cover for use of stainless steel
Δcdur,add = reduction of minimum cover for use of additional protection

dyy,zz = effective heigth

d' = c+Ølinks+0.5*Ømain
d'n = Effective depth of reinforcement on layer n(1..10)

ei,yy,zz = Eccentricity due imperfection

e0,yy,zz = Minimum eccentricity
e2,yy,zz = Eccentricity due to 2nd order effects
Ecm = Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete
Es = Design value of modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel

Fc = Force resultant in compressed concrete

fcd = Design value of concrete compressive strength
fck = Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days
fck,min = Required fck by the exposure class
fck,red = Required fck to the reduction of concrete cover (by60 table 4.3N-FI)
fcm = Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength
fyd = Design yield strength of reinforcement
fyk = Characteristic yield strength of reinforcement
h0 = Notional size of the member

iyy,zz = Radius of gyration of the cross section

Iømain = Second moment of area for one main bar
Is,yy,zz = Second moment of area for total reinforcement
is,yy,zz = Radius of gyration of the reinforcement

k1 & k2 = = Factors effecting minimum clear distance

Kϕ = Factor for taking account of creep
Kr = Correction factor depending on axial load,

m = Is the number of vertical members contributing to the total effect

Max distance on H side = Maximum distance of bar that is furthest from corner bar
Max distance on B side = Maximum distance of bar that is furthest from corner bar
M01,yy,zz = Smaller of the end moments by its absolute value
M02,yy,zz = Bigger of the end moments by its absolute value
M0e,yy,zz = Equivalent moment
Mi,yy,zz = Moment due to imperfections
M2,yy,zz = 2nd order moment
MEd,yy,zz = Design bending moment
MRd,yy,zz = Bending moment capacity
=
n = NEd / (Ac fcd), relative axial force
nu = 1+ω
nbal,yy,zz = Value of n at maximum moment resistance
NEd,max = Biggest value of the axial forces
NRd,bal,yy,zz = Normal force capacity when the bending moment has the biggest capacity
NRd,comp = Design axial compression resistance of section.
NRd,tens = Design axial tension resistance of section.

rm,yy = M01yy,zz / M02yy,zz = Ratio of end moments

scl,tmax = Maximum spacing of the transverse reinforcement (links)

u = Perimeter of the member in contact with the atmosphere

x = Height of compressed area

λx = Effective height of compressed area

λ = Factor defining the heigth of the compressed area
λlim,yy,zz = Limiting slenderness
λyy,zz = Slenderness

ϕ(t,t0) = Creep coefficient

ϕef,yy = Effective creep coefficient

Øl,min = Minimum diameter of the links

η = Factor defining the effective strength

εyp = Strain at the top of the cross section

εap = Strain at the bottom of the cross section
εs,n = Strain of the reinforcement on layer n(1..10)
εc3 = Compressive strain in the concrete at the peak stress
εcu3 = Ultimate compressive strain in the concrete
εyk = fyk/Es
εyd = fyd/Es
εud = Allowable strain of the reinforcement
γC = Partial factor for concrete
γS = Partial factor for reinforcement
σc = Stress in concrete
σs,n = Stress of reinforcement on layer n(1..10)

θI = Inclination
θ0 = Basic value of inclination
αh = reduction factor for length or height
αm = reduction factor for number of members
ω = As*fyd/(Ac*fcd)
∑bars = Amount of mainbars
1/r0 = εyd/(0,45 d)
1/r = Curvature

5. Used References
1. SFS-EN 1992-1-1
2. Suomen Betoniyhdistys r.y: by60 Suunnitteluohje EC 2
3. Leskelä, Matti V., Suomen Betoniyhdistys r.y., Betonirakenteiden suunnittelu ja mitoitus 2005 (by
210), Helsinki, 2006, Suomen Betonitieto Oy
4. Eurokoodi Helpdesk, Timo Tikanoja
5. The Concrete Centre, How to design concrete structures using Eurocode 2, Chapter 5.Columns.
6. The Concrete Centre, RC Spreadsheets: v3, TCC53.xls Column Design
7. European Concrete Platform, Commentary to Eurocode 2
8. European Concrete Platform, Worked Examples to Eurocode 2
9. Bo Westerberg, Second Order Effects: Background to chapters 5.8, 5.9 and Annex H in EN 1992-1-1
10. Jari Puttonen, Rak-43.2100 Rakenteiden suunnittelu ja mitoitus I, TKK-luentosarja
Reinforced concrete column, biaxial bending / GRAPHICS Version 1.0

Cross section X-Y plots

x y
Concrete 1 0 0 H= 600 mm
2 0 600 B= 600 mm
3 600 600 c= 35 mm
4 600 0
5 0 0 Ømain = 16 mm
x y ØHaat = 10 mm
Links 1 40 40
2 40 560 d' = 53 mm
3 560 560
4 560 40 Number of bar layers
5 40 40 nh= 4 rivejä h sivulla
Axis x y nb= 4 rivejä b sivulla
Y 1 -60 300
2 660 300 a'h = 164.67 mm
a'b = 164.67 mm
Axis x y
Z 1 300 -60 dyy = 507.24 mm
2 300 660 dzz = 507.24 mm
Main reinforcement -x +x y
On H sides 1 53 547 547
2 53 547 382.33333
3 53 547 217.66667
4 53 547 53
5 53 547 547
6 53 547 547
7 53 547 547
8 53 547 547
9 53 547 547
10 53 547 547
Main reinforcement x -y +y
On B sides 1 547 53 547
2 382.33333 53 547
3 217.66667 53 547
4 53 53 547
5 547 53 547
6 547 53 547
7 547 53 547
8 547 53 547
9 547 53 547
10 547 53 547
Effective height
d,yy 1 -60 92.76
2 660 92.76
NEd x y
Effective height 1 280.00 -205.00
d,zz 1 507.24 -60 2 320.00 552.50
2 507.23962 660 3 423.69 437.07
Scale point x y 4 272.05 280.00
1 600 600

X-Y coordinates N-M diagrammin X-Y apupisteitä

Load points MEdyy NEd ez

1 101.0 -200.0 -0.5050
2 101.0 400.0 0.2525
3 71.0 518.0 0.1371
4 6.7 -334.0 -0.0200
MEdzz NEd ey
1 4.0 -200.0 -0.0200
2 8.0 400.0 0.0200
3 64.1 518.0 0.1237
4 9.3 -334.0 -0.0280
 e0zz*NEd MEdyy NEd e0yy*NEd MEdzz NEd
1 0.0 0.0 1 0 0
2 97.8 4891.9 2 97.8 4891.9

Scale point N-M MRd NRd

1 451.81 0