Advanced Database administration – CH 2

Oracle Database Cloud

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Title Page Number

Cloud Services 4

Public cloud 5
Private cloud 5
DBaaS Cloud vs Traditional Databases 6
Oracle Database Cloud 9
Oracle Cloud portfolio 13

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Key words:
Cloud Computing ,IaaS , PaaS, SaaS , Public cloud , Private cloud ,
Database Cloning , DBaaS , ERP , HCM , SCM , CX

Brief:
In this chapter, we will learn about the cloud computing services
provided by Oracle Corporation, which are used to build, publish,
integrate and expand applications in the cloud and learn about the
features of these modern services.

Objective:
In this chapter, we will explain some concepts related to cloud
computing, this includes:
▪ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
▪ Platform as a Service (PaaS)
▪ Software as a Service (SaaS)
▪ DBaaS and Traditional Databases
▪ Oracle Database Cloud services
▪ Oracle Database Cloud Service Features

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1. An Introduction to Cloud Computing

Swift adaptation is the key to success for the survival of any business
in today’s dynamic economic environment. If one is running a
profitable business today, this doesn’t mean that the current business
model will provide the same growth in the future, in addition to
adapting to changing government regulations, businesses must
explore and implement new areas to cope with current IT trends.
Many businesses have already switched their IT resources to the
cloud because, according to them, this model delivers a more cost-
effective and efficient way to serve their customers, partners, and
suppliers, in contrast, there are many businesses that are looking at
this model more cautiously with respect to the security of their
business processes and intellectual assets. The biggest advantage
provided by cloud computing is that it eliminates many of the complex
constraints found in the traditional computing environment, including
cost, space, time, and power.

2. Cloud Services
The following are the main types of cloud services being delivered by
various cloud service providers:
2.1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
In this type, the service provider delivers computer hardware
(servers, operating systems, virtualization technology, networking
technology, and storage) as a service.
Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a good example
of IaaS in which a web interface is provided to customers to access
virtual machines.
2.2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
This layer offers development environments to IT organizations to
develop Internet-facing cloud applications.

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2.3. Software as a Service (SaaS):

This is one of the first implementations of cloud services where a
service provider hosts business applications in its own vicinity and
delivers them to its customers.
3. Public cloud:
A public cloud is a computing model where in a service provider
provides computing resources to the general public over the Internet.
These resources include hardware, networks, storage, services, and
applications. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-
per-usage model, some companies (including the Oracle
Corporation) offer a database cloud service, which has two main
components:
▪ RESTful web service access (which allows access to the data
in your database cloud service through simple URIs)
▪ Express (for creating and deploying all kinds of applications in a
browser-based environment).
The database cloud service is simple to obtain, simple to administer,
and simple to use to develop and deploy all types of applications.
This simplicity is complemented by a simple pricing structure, based
on only two metrics: storage and data transfer, in addition, the
simplicity of the public cloud means lower costs for your own IT staff.
Universal access to the components of the public cloud through a
browser dramatically simplifies the maintenance overhead for your
cloud-based solutions. Applications delivered through the public
cloud can be accessed from a wide variety of client platforms
including Windows, Apple, or mobile devices.
4. Private cloud:
This term refers to the data centers inside your company’s firewall.
Within your organization you can have a single Oracle Database
supporting many departments with each having their own workspaces
to build applications, each of these workspaces can be granted
access to one or more schemas as appropriate. The term may also
apply to a private space dedicated to your company within a cloud
provider’s data center, private clouds enable organizations to have
complete control and visibility over security, regulatory compliance,
service levels, and functionality.

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5. Cloud database
Traditional database management requires:
▪ Infrastructure and resources
▪ Manage databases in data centers
▪ Costly and time consuming
▪ Raise purchase for equipment and software
▪ Skills from multiple technical domains
▪ Technical employee for OS and database software.
Cloud Database is a database that typically runs on a Cloud
Computing platform.
5.1. What is Database as a Service (DBaaS)?
A DBaaS is a database cloud service that takes over the
management of the underlying infrastructure and resources cloud
databases require and allow companies to take advantage of
services in the cloud, this can free up personnel to focus on other
tasks, or allow smaller organizations to get started quickly without the
need for several specialists, in many cases with a DBaaS you can
quickly set up a database with a few clicks.
Running a cloud-based database makes it easy to grow your
databases as your needs grow, in addition to scaling up or down on-
demand to accommodate those peak-workload periods, you can also
have peace of mind for any security and availability concerns as the
cloud enables database replication across multiple geographical
locations, in addition to several backup and recovery options.
5.2. Common Database Challenges in the Cloud
It’s getting easier and easier to run workloads in the cloud. It’s one of
the biggest advantages of cloud database use, a DBaaS offers a
great option for several reasons, but that being said, there are still
several areas where you will need to consider what’s important to you
before deciding if a DBaaS will fulfill your needs, or if you should stick
with a traditional database deployment model.
5.2.1. Size Limitations
Will you scale beyond the capacity DBaaS instances accommodate?
The AWS DBaaS, Azure cloud databases, and others don’t offer

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unlimited database storage scalability, but enterprise-level databases

need the ability to grow over time, expansive storage is a
requirement, not an option. There are ways to overcome these
limits as with Cloud Volumes your database will be served with
limitless storage, so your database always has room to grow.
5.2.2. Data Protection: Cloud Protection
There is always the question that many have asked: are cloud
services secure? The answer is that they are secure as you make
them, cloud volumes allows you to protect your data with point-in-time
snapshot copies of your database .
5.2.3. Storage Performance
Another consideration for running your databases in the cloud is how
well they will perform, for a DBaaS, most of the underlying
infrastructure responsibilities are taken care of for you by the cloud
service provider, one thing that is still required is to understand what
sort of storage performance you may need, in the public cloud,
performance of your storage layer is often tied to how much capacity
you provision, this means that you often have to either over-provision
your capacity in order to get the performance you require out of your
database, or you have to opt for more expensive Provisioned
Performance storage options, if your workloads have large
performance spikes, this means that the storage you require for your
DBaaS might increase your costs significantly.
By using NetApp Cloud Volumes for your database workload, you
have more control, NetApp Cloud Volumes targets the excellent
performance levels you expect for your database.
5.2.4. Database Cloning
Cloning a database is a common task, but how quick and agile that is
can impact how expensive that task becomes. In general, with a

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DBaaS clones of your cloud-based database are essentially full

copies of your database, meaning that all of the underlying capacity
for your database is duplicated (or more if you need more than one
clone). Now, there are exceptions to that rule, such as with AWS
RDS Aurora which has RDS Fast Database Cloning.
In RDS Fast Database Cloning, the cloned database points back to
the source database, so no copying of data is involved. Any changes
or writes go to new database pages so as to not impact the source
database, this offers good cost savings, and quick access to
database clones.
If cloning your database is something that sounds useful to you for
your alternate workloads and dev/test efforts, then you should also
consider using the NetApp Cloud Volumes data cloning
technology, this is also a useful feature to have on hand
in DevOps structures.
5.2.6. Lift and Shift
If you are moving your workloads to the cloud, one of the first
challenges you’ll run into is finding out how to run your workloads in
the cloud, the DBaaS idea sounds great, but do you know how to use
them? Are you using a specialized database? Does your database
“fit” in a DBaaS model? What don’t you know, and how prepared is
your staff to handle situations that may arise?
By sticking with a traditional database deployment, many of those
concerns go away, and you can just continue processing in the
cloud, NetApp’s Cloud Volumes offers tried and true enterprise-class
data management for databases in the cloud, These services enable
you with the protection, availability, and performance you expect for
your databases while minimizing the learning curve when moving
your workloads to the cloud.

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5.2.7. Hybrid Cloud/Multi cloud Operations

Another challenge is facilitating hybrid cloud and multi cloud
operations across your on-premises data centers, or possibly across
public cloud providers, the public cloud DBaaS are very powerful, but
they’re not directly compatible, this means that moving your database
workloads to or from and through the clouds will require a more
complicated setup.
For traditional databases, this becomes very simple with NetApp’s
Cloud Data Services, if you are already using NetApp on-premises,
you can take advantage of Snap Mirror to move your data to and
through the clouds, and just as easily move the workloads back on-
premises, if you don’t use NetApp on-premises, they also have
heterogeneous Data Services to replicate your data quickly and
securely.
6. Oracle Database Cloud
Service Models:
Service Models

Figure 1-2
Oracle Database Cloud

6.1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

IaaS is a type of cloud service model in which computing resources
are hosted in the cloud, businesses can use the IaaS model to shift
some or all of their use of on-premises or collocated data center
infrastructure to the cloud, where it is owned and managed by a cloud
provider, these infrastructure elements can include compute, network,
and storage hardware as well as other components and software.
When you have an IaaS solution, you rent the resources like compute
or storage, provision them when needed, and pay for the resources
your organization consumes. For some resources such as compute,
you’ll pay for the resources you use, for others such as storage, you’ll
pay for capacity.

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IaaS provides four core benefits that enable businesses to move

faster and achieve their digital transformation goals.
• IaaS reduces the time and cost of provisioning and scaling
environments for development, testing, and production, this gives
developers teams more freedom to experiment and innovate.
• By making computing services available on demand, IaaS enables
businesses to scale their infrastructure up or down as needed,
paying only for what they use on an hourly, daily, or monthly basis,
while handling greater peak scale than possible in most on-
premises environments.
• IaaS can give businesses access to new and improved equipment
and services—such as the latest processors, storage and
networking hardware, and container orchestration—that many
businesses could not afford to acquire on-premises or would not be
able to access as quickly.
• IaaS is available in most geographies, with a regional presence
near large population centers, which enables businesses to grow
their online footprint more quickly.
6.2. Database as a Service (DBaaS):
DBaaS is a cloud model that enables users to request database
environments by choosing from a predefined service catalog using a
self-service provisioning framework. The key benefits of these
database clouds are agility and faster deployment of database
services, the associated computing resources are consumed and
then released. Database resources can be consumed for the duration
of a project, and then be automatically de-provisioned and returned to
the resource pool, computing costs can be tracked and charged back
to the consumer.
Private Clouds enable customers to consolidate servers, storage, and
database workloads onto a shared hardware and software
infrastructure, by providing on-demand access to database services
in a self-service, elastically scalable and metered manner, databases
deployed as DBaaS on Private Cloud offer compelling advantages in
cost, quality of service, and agility.
DBaaS extends the Oracle Private Cloud Management solution by
automating the lifecycle of a database and allowing users to request

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database services through self-service portal, with this solution, IT

Managers no longer have to perform mundane administrative tasks
for provisioning databases. Database users can get instantaneous
access to new database services through the Self Service Portal.
DBaaS in Enterprise Manager extends the capabilities of the Private
Cloud by:
• Increasing Quality of Service: IT organizations are not only trying to
drive down costs, they are also looking at solutions that will
simultaneously improve quality of service in terms of performance,
availability and security. Cloud consumers inherently benefit from the
high availability characteristics built into the Private Cloud.
Organizations can also enforce a unified identity and security
infrastructure as part of standardized provisioning. Thus, instead of
bolting on security policies, these policies and compliance regulations
are part of the provisioning process.
• Enabling Faster Deployment: Building the Private Cloud
infrastructure using standard building block components (for example,
servers, CPUs, storage, and network), configurations, and tools,
enables a streamlined, automated, and simplified deployment
process.
• Providing Resource Elasticity: The ability to grow and shrink the
capacity of a given database, both in terms of storage size and
compute power, allows applications the flexibility to meet the dynamic
nature of business workloads.
• Rapid Provisioning: Databases in a cloud can be rapidly
provisioned, often by way of a self-service infrastructure, providing
agility in application deployment. This reduces overall time in
deploying production applications, development platforms or creating
test bed configurations.
6.3. Platform as a Service (PaaS):
PaaS delivers the infrastructure and middleware components that
enable developers, IT administrators, and end users to build,
integrate, migrate, deploy, secure, and manage mobile and web
applications.
To aid productivity, PaaS offers ready-to-use programming
components that allow developers to build new capabilities into their

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applications, including innovative technologies such as artificial

intelligence (AI), chatbots, blockchain, and the Internet of Things
(IoT).
PaaS services also include solutions for analysts, end users, and
professional IT administrators, including big data analytics, content
management, database management, systems management,
and security.
PaaS provides all the fundamental benefits of cloud computing, from
transparent pricing and turnkey provisioning to on-demand scalability
and disaster recovery—all managed in a consistent manner via easy-
to-use dashboards. As a result, businesses can:
• Standardize and simplify IT operations
• Speed business innovation with ready-to-use solutions
• Reduce operational, security, and governance risks
6.4. Software as a Service (SaaS):
Software as a service (SaaS) is a cloud-based software delivery
model in which the cloud provider develops and maintains cloud
application software, provides automatic software updates, and
makes software available to its customers via the internet on a pay-
as-you-go basis. The cloud provider manages all the hardware,
middleware, application software, and security. So SaaS customers
can dramatically lower costs; deploy, scale, and upgrade business
solutions more quickly than maintaining on-premises systems and
Today, a modern cloud suite can span—and connect—everything
from financials, human resources, procurement, and supply-chain
processes to commerce, marketing, sales, and service solutions.
Other benefits of a modern, complete SaaS solution include:
▪ Connected, end-to-end business processes built-in
▪ Ease of configuration and personalization
▪ Rapid data portability
▪ Comprehensive cloud security
▪ Embedded analytic

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6.5. Oracle Cloud portfolio:

6.5.1. Oracle ERP Cloud
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) refers to a type of software that
organizations use to manage day-to-day business activities such as
▪ accounting
▪ procurement
▪ project management
▪ Risk management and compliance
▪ Supply chain operations.
▪ Software that helps plan, budget, predict, and report on an
organization’s financial results.
6.5.2. Oracle HCM Cloud
Human Capital Management is a new world for employees and
human resources (HR) professionals. Expectations are changing
inside and outside the office, Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
learning are found in more of the tools managing a workforce in the
midst of digital transformation requires a human capital management
(HCM) solution that’s not only smart but agile.
6.5.3. Supply chain management (SCM)
Is management of the flow of goods, data, and finances related to a
product or service, from the procurement of raw materials to the
delivery of the product at its final destination.
Today’s digitally based SCM systems include material handling and
software for all parties involved in product or service creation, order
fulfillment, and information tracking―such as suppliers,
manufacturers, wholesalers, transportation and logistics providers,
and retailers.
6.5.4. Oracle CX Cloud
The Oracle Customer Experience Cloud (Oracle CX Cloud) is a suite
of cloud-based tools for CRM and sales, marketing, customer
service, E-commerce and other tools, such as configure, price
quote tools. Increasingly, Oracle is building integrations between
these clouds so contact center service agents, for example, can refer
to sales or marketing information as they review the information
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residing in a customer case to try to resolve an issue. Like Microsoft,

Oracle offers on-premises and cloud-based CRM technologies.

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