Mathematics 9

Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 6
Sum, Product, and Nature of the
Roots of a Quadratic Equation
Mathematics – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Self-Learning Module 2: Sum, Product, and Nature of the Roots of a
Quadratic Equation
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Darwin I. Ojera
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Layout Artist:
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Mathematics 9
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 6
Sum, Product, and Nature of the Roots
of a Quadratic Equation
Introductory Message!

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Sum,

Product, and Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
self-learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning
module.
 For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 9 Self-Learning Module on Sum,

Product, and Nature of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while
being an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap - Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Characterizes the roots of a quadratic equation using the

discriminant
2. Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of
a quadratic equation.

PRETEST
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. What are the nature of the roots of 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 = 0?

A. Real, Rational, Equal
B. Real, Rational, Unequal
C. Real, Irrational, Unequal
D. Imaginary

2. What are the nature of the roots of 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0?

A. Real, Rational, Equal
B. Real, Rational, Unequal
C. Real, Irrational, Unequal
D. Imaginary

3. What is the sum and product of the roots of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0?

A. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 5 C. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = −4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 5
B. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −5 D. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = −4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −5

4. What is the sum and product of the roots of 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 6 = 0?

2 2
A. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 3 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 2 C. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = − 3 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 2
2 2
B. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 3 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −2 D. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = − 3 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −2

5. Which of the following quadratic equations has a roots of 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2?

A. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 2 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 2 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 8 = 0
 RECAP

Solving Quadratic Equation

1. If 𝑥1 and 𝑥2 are the roots of 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0, answer the following.
a. Are the roots equal?
b. Are the roots rational?
c. Are the roots real numbers?
d. Find the value of 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
e. Find the value of 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2

The problems above have something to do with how to determine the

nature of the roots, solve the sum and product of the roots, given its
corresponding quadratic equation.

I will just SOLVE FOR THE ROOTS, and

ADD (and MULTIPLY) them.

Following the illustration above, here is the solution.

For #1
𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0 By factoring.
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 Equate each factor to 0.

𝑥 + 3 = 0, 𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥1 = −3 𝑥2 = −4
Since the roots are solved,

(a) No, the roots are not equal.

(b) Yes, the roots are rational.
(c) Yes, the roots are real numbers.
(d) 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = (−3) + (−4) = −7
(e) 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = (−3)(−4) = 12
Analyze the problem

Observe the two problems. Are the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 of the quadratic
equation related to 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 and 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 ?
 LESSON

Sum, Product, and Nature of the Roots

Remember that the roots of a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 can be
determined using quadratic formula,
−𝒃 ± √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
You can encounter various solutions such as;
−1±√4 −2±√0 −1±√3 −1±√−3
(i)𝑥 = , (ii) 𝑥 = (iii)𝑥 = , (iv)𝑥 =
2 2 5 7

As you can see, there are four possibilities:

1 3
(𝑖). The roots are 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙, 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)
(𝑖𝑖). The roots are −1 and −1 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙, 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)
−1+√3 −1−√3
(𝑖𝑖𝑖 ). The roots are , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 . (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙, 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙)
5 5
−1−√−3
(𝑖𝑣). The roots are . (𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦)
7
Noticing the numbers inside the square root (𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)
(𝑖). 𝑖𝑓 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0, and it is a perfect square, therefore the nature of its
roots is
Real, Rational, Unequal.
(𝑖𝑖). 𝑖𝑓 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0, therefore the nature of its roots is
2

Real, Rational, Equal.

(𝑖𝑖𝑖). 𝑖𝑓 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0, and it is NOT a perfect square, therefore the
2

nature of its roots is

Real, Irrational, Unequal.
(𝑖𝑣). 𝑖𝑓 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0, therefore the nature of its roots is Imaginary.
The number that states the nature of the roots is called the
discriminant.

Also, in quadratic formula, there are two values

−𝒃 + √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝒃 − √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄

𝒙𝟏 = 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙𝟐 =
𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
(a) 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
−𝒃 + √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝒃 − √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
= +
𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂

−𝒃 + √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 − 𝒃 − √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄

=
𝟐𝒂
 𝟐𝒃
=−
𝟐𝒂
𝒃
=−
𝒂
𝑏
The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is − 𝑎
(b) 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2
−𝒃 + √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 −𝒃 − √𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄
= ∗
𝟐𝒂 𝟐𝒂
2
(−𝑏)2 − (√𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐)
=
4𝑎2
2 2
𝑏 − (𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐) 4𝑎𝑐 𝒄
= = 2=
4𝑎2 4𝑎 𝒂
𝒄
The product of the roots of a quadratic equation is
𝒂
Example:
1. Find the nature, sum and product of the roots of 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0
Solution:
𝑎 = 1 , 𝑏 = −5, 𝑐 = −6
𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 = (−5)2 − 4(1)(−6)
2

𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 25 + 24
𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒄 = 𝟒𝟗
49 > 0, and it is a perfect square, therefore, its nature of the roots is
Real, rational, unequal
𝑏 (−5)
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = − = − = −(−5) = 𝟓
𝑎 (1)
𝑐 (−6)
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = = = −𝟔
𝑎 (1)

Thus, in finding the SUM and PRODUCT of the roots, remember that:
𝑏 𝑐
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = − 𝑎 , and 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = 𝑎 .
If you let 𝒂 = 𝟏
𝑏 𝑏
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 = − = − = −𝒃
𝑎 1
𝑐 𝑐
𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 = = = 𝒄
𝑎 1

2. What quadratic equation will be formed if its roots are −3 and 5

respectively?
Solution:
Getting the sum of the roots;
(−3) + (5) = −𝑏
2 = −𝑏
−𝑏 = 2
 𝒃 = −𝟐
Getting the product of the roots
(−3) ∗ (5) = −15
𝒄 = −𝟏𝟓
Evaluate
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = −15
Substitute the values to 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0

1
3. What quadratic equation will be formed if its roots are and 2
2
respectively?
Solution:
𝑎=1
1
+ 2 = −𝑏
2
1+4
= −𝑏
2
5 𝟓
= −𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝒃=−
2 𝟐
1
∗2= 𝑐
2
𝟏=𝒄
5
𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = − 2 𝑐=1
Find the least common
5 multiple of the
2 [𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1 = 0] 2 denominators(LCD).
2

𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 Multiply the LCD to the equation.

.
 ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: PRACTICE
Direction: Solve for the discriminant and identify the nature of the roots of
each of the following quadratic equations.

1. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 10 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = _____ Nature:__________________

2. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = _____ Nature:__________________
3. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = _____ Nature:__________________
4. 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 20 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = _____ Nature:__________________
5. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 = 0 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 = _____ Nature:__________________

ACTIVITY 2: Keep Practicing

Direction: Find the sum and product of the roots of each of the following
quadratic equations.
1. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 10 = 0 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =_________ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =___________
2. 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 18 = 0 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =_________ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =___________
3. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =_________ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =___________
4. 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 20 = 0 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =_________ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =___________
5. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 = 0 𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =_________ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 =___________

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Find the quadratic equation given its corresponding roots.
Given 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 Equation
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
1. −6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
2. 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 9
1
3. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3
3

2+√3 2−√3
4. 𝑎𝑛𝑑
2 2
 WRAP-UP

Fill in the blanks. Complete the following statements.

1. The number that is used to determine the nature of the roots is

called _________________.
2. The formula for the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is
__________________.
3. The formula for the product of the roots of a quadratic equation is
__________________.
4. In a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0, then the
nature of its roots is __________________.
5. In a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0, and a
perfect square, then the nature of its roots is __________________.
6. In a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0, if 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0, and not a
perfect square, then the nature of its roots is __________________.
7. In a quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, if 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0, then the
nature of its roots is __________________.

VALUING

Answer the following questions.

1. How does a person add happiness to his/her life?

2. What is the meaning of the statement, “A tree with strong roots

laughs at storm”?
 POSTTEST

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. What is the nature of the roots of 2𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 9 = 0?

A. Real, Rational, Equal C. Real, Irrational, Unequal
B. Real Rational, Unequal D. Imaginary

2. What is the nature of the roots of 5𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1?

A. Real, Rational, Equal C. Real, Irrational, Unequal
B. Real, Rational, Unequal D. Imaginary

3. What is the sum and product of the roots of 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 21 = 0?

A. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 7 C. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = −4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 7
B. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −7 D. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = −4, 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = −7

4. What is the sum and product of the roots of 6𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 14 = 0?

5 7 5 7
A. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 6 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 3 C. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = − 6 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = 3
5 7 5 7
B. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = 6 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = − 3 D. 𝑆𝑢𝑚 = − 6 , 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 = − 3

1
5. Which of the following quadratic equations has a roots of −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3 ?
1
A. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 C. 3𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 2 = 0
1
B. 3𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
KEY TO CORRECTION
 REFERENCES
1. Simon Chua D.T., Isidro C. Aguilar, Ed. D., Josephine L. Sy Tan, Roberto J.

Degolacion, Arvie D. Ubarro. Soaring 21st Century Mathematics. Quezon City:

Phoenix Publishing House., 2014.

2. Bryant Merden L, Bulalayao, Leonides E., Callanta, Melvin M., Cruz, Jerry

D., De Vera, Richard F., Garcia, Gilda T., Javier, Sonia E., Lazaro, Roselle A.,

Mesterio, Bernadeth J., and Rommel Hero A. Saladino. Mathematics 9

Learner’s Module, Department of Education Philippines., (1st Edition 2015)

3. Nivera, G. C., Lapinid, M. R. C. Panizales, V., Zuniga, E., Mcabales, E.,

Natividad, M., & N. Villas "Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities."

Chino Roces Ave., Makati: Salessiana Books, Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2013.

4. Oronce, O., & Mendoza, M. E-Math Worktext in Mathematics, CM Recto Ave,

Manila: Rex Bookstore., Revised Edition, 2015.

5. Bitmoji App, Google Play Store.