Procter & Gamble Company (A) Case Analysis

By
WMP6086, WMP6087, WMP6089, WMP6124,
WMP6126,
WMP6128
A report submitted in fulfillment of the assignments
for
Marketing Management I

WMP 2013

Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow

Noida Campus
2011

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Date: 11-02-2011

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 Table of Contents
Assignment ..................................................................................4

Executive Summary.....................................................................4

2.Analysis...................................................................................... 6

Recommendations......................................................................13

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Assignment
To analyze the Procter & Gamble Company (A) Case to take decision related to LDL
brands from the available options. To make recommendations based on our
understanding of the long- and short-term profit and volume implications of each of
the options.

Executive Summary
Chris Wright, associate advertising manager of Packaged Soaps and Detergents
(PS&D) division at Procter and Gamble (P&G) needs to evaluate how to increase
the volume of its light duty liquid (LDLs). 4 alternatives for volume growth are
considered for analysis based on the market segment (price/ performance/
mildness):
(1) Introduction of a new brand
(2) Whether to convert H-80 a research development into a product
(3) Product improvement of an existing brand
(4) Increased marketing expenditures on existing brands.
Ultimately he must make recommendations on the above. PS&D is facing an issues
on how to retain its brand position while at the same time increase volume share and
profits.

1.Introduction
The Light Duty Liquid Detergents (LDL) Market:
Market Statistics (1981)
Market Size $850 Million
Volume 59 million cases
Packaging Popular 32 oz | 22 oz
1) Medium Size Packages were
beneficial.
2) May be because of the
consumption pattern (Month
usage and replenishment)
Market Penetration 90 % Of US household to rise to 92% by
1990.
1) Signifies Saturated Market
2) Products in maturity phase.
3) Price completion high.
4) New entry though by new players.

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 5) Volume is driver
6) Brand Association to create brand
loyalty.
7) Brand Association should not be
used for premium pricing but high
recall value.

LDL Segmentation
Performance brands Mildness segment Price segment which are
which provide better which are gentle to the primarily low cost with no
cleaning benefits (35% hand (37% volume / brand loyalty (28%
volume / 42% sales) 44% sales) and volume/14% sales).

The LDL market is a mature market with the introduction of a new brand every 2½
years and an average of 2 price brands introduced and discontinued per year.
P&G has 42% market share, followed by Colgate-Palmolive with a 24% share and
Unilever with a 7% market share. The remaining 27% market is mainly generic and
private labels.

P&G LDL Products

In the LDL segment P&G manufactures 3 products, Joy and Dawn in the
performance segment and Ivory in Mildness Segment

Performance Mildness Brand Effect

High Medium Dawn Growth

Opportunities
(Perf.)

Medium Medium Joy Unable to place

the product – 2
times re-
branding

Medium High Ivory Limited Market

(Mildness)

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2.Analysis
Procter & Gamble Company Situation Analysis:
P&G is strongly positioned in Light-Duty liquid detergent (LDLs) category. The LDL
market can be segments on the basis of 3 benefits performance, mildness and price
sensitivity. P&G has 3 products: Joy Performance, 12.1%), Ivory (Mildness,15.5%)
and Dawn (Performance,14.1%).
Wright is looking into the possibility of volume growth in terms of one of the three
options:
(a) Introduction of a new brand
(b) Product improvement on existing brand
(c) Increased market expenditure on existing brand

2.1 Market opportunity:

The table shows the existing players and their market share in million cases.

LDL Market Shares by Brand and Company (shares of

Exhibit 8 statistical cases)
Share of Market
Brand Segment 1961 1971 1981
P&G
14.90 12.10
Joy Performance % 12% %
17.50 14.90 15.50
Ivory Mildness % % %
14.10
Dawn Performance -- -- %
2.90
Thrill Mildness/Performance -- % --
32.4 29.8 41.7
0% 0% 0%
Lever Brothers
17.30 7.30 3.10
Lux Mildness % % %
4.80 3.10
Dove Mildness -- % %
0.70
Sunlight Performance -- -- %
5.90 1.00
All Others Price % % --
23.2 13.1 6.90
0% 0% %
Colgate Palmolive
Palmolive 11.70 11.80
Liquid Mildness -- % %

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 Dermassag 3.50
e Mildness -- -- %
5.50 9.60 8.30
All Others Price/Performance % % %
5.50 21.3 8.30
% 0% %
All Other Mainly Price/Generics and 38.90 35.80 27.80
LDLs Private Labels % % %
100 100
Total LDLs % % 100%
The market is expected to growth at a modest rate 0.6% with the percentage share
of each category remaining almost stable; Mildness (37%), Performance (35%),
Price (28%).

2.2 Major Issues:

In 1981, the Packages Soap and Detergent division of Procter and Gamble held
42% of light-duty liquid detergent industry sales. The market became quite static
with limited growth forecasted in the future. Seven growth opportunities were
presented which included the following:
(a) Brand introductions (price, mildness or performance)
(b) Performance product improvements to all LDL’s (Ivory, Dawn or Joy)
(c) Increased marketing expenditures on a current brand

2.3 New Brand Introduction issues:

A new brand is an appealing idea considering the success of the performance of
brand Dawn. In two years, it rose to the number two position in the LDL category.
Thus, the introduction of the higher performance product with formula H-80 was an
important consideration.
• Consumer research testing showed this product received positive response with
an overall performance rating of 77%. However, results were not much better
than competitors who received a 71% overall rating. Does a 6% edge justify the
introduction?
• The addition of H-80 would also mean PS&D division would sell three
performance brands. If the brand is introduced, it can be reasoned that an initial
market share of 2% could be attained. This is due to the relative satisfaction of
customers with their current brands and only 20% of people disliking scrubbing
and cleaning greasing items. The 2% market share was also selected due to the
results of past competitors like Colgate, having new brand introductions.
• Additionally, the new product was estimated to grow at .5% per year. This is
slightly lower than the industry forecast of 1% growth for all LDL’s. We feel this is
further justified by low consumer interest due to their satisfaction with current
brands.

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• Introducing a mildness brand is a logical consideration based on research results
on consumers wanting mildness more than other benefits. However, results also
showed that other benefits had nearly equal appeal. The new mildness brand will
capture an estimated 3% share of market upon introduction. This rate is higher
than the 2% performance brand because responses show customers want
mildness more than any other attribute. The estimated growth rate is again .5%
per year for the same reasons as the performance brand.
• Adding a new price detergent would diversify the current brand LDL portfolio. The
LDL price segment market has been on a relative decline since 1973. There is
potential for growth if a product with equal benefits to competitors was
introduced. Consumers are sensitive to LDL prices. 72% of respondents found
LDLs economic to use. However, it seems that price remains the smaller part of
the market with 28% in 1981, thus we can reason that introduction into the
market will also be relatively low. 1% initial market share is the estimate. Again
the same growth rate of .5% will apply for the next 4 years.

From Exhibit 6:

• Overall, new brand introductions must take into consideration the affects of
cannibalization. A new brand could capture 60% of its share from competitive
brand, but the remaining 40% would come from Joy, Dawn and Ivory.
Management must weigh the affects of cannibalization over a five-year period
to see if sales and profit will be affected. As Exhibit 6 shows, the LDL industry
is expected to sell 59.4 mill in 1983, 59.8 mill in 1984, 60.8 mill in 1985, and
61.1 mill in 1986. For 1982, of the 59.4 mill cases, Ivory will hold 15.5% share
volume with 9.2 mill cases. Dawn will hold 14.6% market share with 8.6 mill
cases. Joy will hold 12.1% market share with 7.2 mill cases. Thus competitors
are projected to sell 34.44 mill cases in 1982. This is calculated by subtracting
P&G volume from the total industry volume.
• Thus, the next step is to calculate volume gained from competitors and
volume cannibalized from P&G brands. For a new performance brand, the
first year market share is expected to be 2%. It is expected to grow at .5%
each year. Thus in year 1, 60% of the 2% will be attained from competitors,
which equals 1.2%. The remaining 40% will come from P&G brands, which
equals .8%. The 1.2% is then applied to the 34,333,200 industry volume

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 without PS&D products to calculate the volume gained from competitors,
which equals 411,998,400. The .8% is then applied to the sum of the 3 P&G
brands projected to be sold in year 1. Summing Ivory, Joy and Dawn cases
sold from Exhibit 6 above, a volume of 25,066,800 is estimated as seen in the
PS&D volume without cannibalization. .8% of the 25,066,800 cases is
cannibalized and equals 200,534. Adding 411,998,400 gained from
competitors and 200,534 cannibalized from Joy, Dawn and Ivory equals
612,532 of new product total volume earned for the introduction of a new
performance brand. PS&D volume after cannibalization equals 24,866,265
which is the sum of cases sold for the 3 P&G brands, less the cannibalized
volume from PS&D. Total volume for P&G with the inclusion of the new
performance brand is PS&D volume after cannibalization of 24,866,265 which
includes 612,532 of new product total volume earned.

• This same logic applies to the introduction of mildness brand with its initial
market share of 3%, growing at .5% each year. The same calculations can be
done for the price brand.

2.4 Product improvement of an existing brand:

Improving the current portfolio of products would allow P&G to lessen the costs of
marketing expenditures while at the same time benefiting from the affects of H-80.
Improving a current brand will eliminate the costs arising from cannibalization.
Improving on Ivory liquid, a mildness brand will increase market share due to the
combination of the two highly preferred characteristics, mildness and performance.

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Ivory will capture a projected 17.5% market share in the first year. At the end of 5
years it is forecasted that Ivory will hold a 19.5% market share.

Behind Ivory, Dawn will hold a 16.6% market share after the first year’s H-80
improvement. At the end of 5 years, 18.6% of market will be attained by Dawn.
The remaining brand, Joy will capture 15.1% market share in the first year. Joy’s
projected profits represent forecasts for Ivory, Dawn and Joy if they maintained their
current expenditures.

2.5 New Brand Introduction:

The introduction of a price brand is also not recommended. If PS&D was to

introduce a non-premium brand, the profit level will drop below 12% to roughly 6%. A
1% market share, .5% growth rate and 6% revenues will not come close to covering
the 20 and 60 million needed to introduce a product. As a market leader PS&D is
advised to write off this option.

2.6 Product improvement of an existing brand:

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The projected market share volume is multiplied $17 and divided by 12% to
determine profits. The 5-year profits are totaled and capital costs of 20 million and
marketing expenditures of 10 million are subtracted out. This leaves bottom line of
profits made with improvements to current brands. Below the improvements bottom
line, the forecasted volume without improvements is given. This number is again
multiplied $17 and divided by 12%. This leaves the profits for the current brand
without improvements.
Improvements to the Ivory brand after subtracting out capital costs and market
expenditures will bring about a profit of 83 million. This falls below the profit of 95
million that Ivory will make without the expenditures. It is therefore recommended
that PS&D maintain current actions without improvements to Ivory due to the high
costs eating into profits. The same scenario applies to Dawn. 78 million can be
made with the costs applied to improvements versus 95 million earned without
altering. The same ‘no go’ course of action is recommended for Dawn that was
recommended for Ivory.

The opposite holds true for Joy. It is recommended that Joy pursue improvements to
its current brand. The difference in this case is that only 10 million is expected in
marketing expenses with the ‘no spot’ formula improvement. With only 10 million
being subtracted out over the previous 30, Joy is able to forecast profits of 101
million. This falls above the 86 million projected for maintaining current expenditures.

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2.7 Increase Market Expenditures

Considering the product features and their brand we try to get the brand equity for
P&G products using brand resonance model

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Characteristic Ivory Joy Dawn
Segment Premium Performance Performance
Salience Yes Yes Yes
Marketing Focus Imagery + feeling Performance + Performance
Imagery
Ivory is asking $ 4 million extra to increase the volume growth. Assuming that this
will be one time expenditure and the increased imagery will help to retain increased
volumes over the years, increasing market expenditures could have positive affects
for the bottom line.

Assumptions

Recommendations
A combination of increased market expenditures and product improvements could
increase the LDL’s market growth. Specifically, the Joy ‘no spot’ formula would make
$15 million, justifying a ‘go’ decision for increased market expenditures and
improvements. Although, H-80 would be a stronger performing formula for Joy, it is
not demanded highly by consumers because they are satisfied with their current

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brands. The benefits associated with H-80 can be attained through the use of Joy
‘no spot’ at a less cost. Virtually they achieve the same objective of increasing
performance but one is at a lower cost. Joy using ‘no spot’ formula will be more
commercial decision over implementing H-80 to it.

Promotional advertising from increased market expenditures can be executed by

placing coupons in supermarket aisles and utilizing the Sunday paper insert section.
Also, when people purchase any competitor brands, their receipts should provide a
coupon for Joy with them. This will attempt to switch the consumer to the P&G
brand. The other 2 million dollars will be aimed at keeping the slogan ‘Joy cleans
down to shine, and that’s a nice reflection on you.’ Emphasis should be placed at
‘no spot’ formula to educate customers. Additionally, ads placed on daytime talk
shows and soap operas will appeal to the homemaking consumers. These marketing
plan suggestions will lead to an estimated 15 million increase over a 5 year time
period.

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