Senior High School

Disaster Readiness &

Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Quarter2/Module7/Week3

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction- Senior High
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Basic Concepts of Disaster & Disaster Risk
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
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use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro
Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Stephen Paul C. Pailagao

Reviewers: Dr. Jean S. Macasero

Carmelita B. Jaranilla

Illustrator and Layout Artist: Gil Raffy G. Celocia

Jhon Louie G. Rañises
Management Team
Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, PhD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, PhD, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief

Dr. Jean S. Macasero, EPS-SCIENCE
Joel D. Potane, LRMS Manager
Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II
Gemma Pajayon, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: (08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Senior High School

Disaster Readiness &

Risk Reduction (DRRR)
Module 7

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators

from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to
the Department of Education at [email protected]

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Table of Contents

What This Module is About ................................................................................................................... I

What I Need to Know .............................................................................................................................. I
How to Learn from this Module ...........................................................................................................II
Icons of this Module ...............................................................................................................................II

What I Know ........................................................................................................................................... .III

Lesson 1:
Hydro- Meteorological Hazards Phenomena………….….…......…………………1
What Is In ............................................................................................................... 1
What’s New: ........................................................................................................... 1

Lesson 2:
Different Hydro-meteorological Hazard Maps ……….……………………………9
What I Can Do: ...................................................................................................... 11

Lesson 3:
Available Tools for Monitoring Hydro-meteorological Hazards ..…………12
What Is In ............................................................................................................... 12

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………….
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………………..
Key to Answers ....................................................................................................................................
References ............................................................................................................................................
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What This Module is About

Welcome the Disaster Readiness Risk Reduction (DRRR) module!

The Department of Education (DepED) commits to build a resilient society in times of

hazards and disasters. How can this be possible?

Philippines is regularly experience hazards and disasters. Our country is susceptible

to geological and hydro meteorological hazards because of its location on a hazardous spot
on this planet. It is situated within the western rim of the Pacific ring of Fire which is the
world’s hub of volcanic network and tectonic plates and the western pacific typhoon belt
where the worlds destructive typhoons originate. Hence, it is not surprising that Philippines is
one of the most vulnerable countries in terms of disaster risks and natural hazards among
the 173 countries in the world. These hazards are remarkable with the huge destruction
affected in the country’s economy, environment, livelihood and lives. In this situation,
learners are the most affected, and schools are disrupted. (MindaI. Cabilao-Valencia et., al.)

This module provides basic information and knowledge on disaster readiness and
risk reduction which are significant towards a more meaningful discussions and
interactions. This is aimed in introducing the concept of disaster readiness, risk and
reduction to Senior High School learners. Basic concepts and terminologies will be
presented as we go along the module.

This module contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior High School
become a resilient amidst hazards and disasters. Your journey on this module will develop
your critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills.

The following are the lessons contained in this module.

1. Hydro- Meteorological Hazards Phenomena

2. Different Hydro-meteorological Hazard Maps
3. Available Tools for Monitoring Hydro-meteorological Hazards

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Recognize signs of impending hydro meteorological hazards(Q2/Week3)

2. Interpret different hydro meteorological hazard maps(Q2/Week3)
3. Use available tools for monitoring hydro meteorological hazards(Q2/Week3)

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How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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 What I Know

(Pretest)

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices
Let us begin our activities by determining your prior knowledge of the lessons you are
about to study. Directions: Read each item very well and choose the best answer. Write your
answers on your activity notebook.

1. What factor allows the force of gravity to overcome the resistance of earth material to
landslide?
A) Saturation by water C) steepening of slopes by erosion
B) Loosened stones D) Both A and B

2. Landslides are often associated with ____ ?

A) El Niño C) Periods of Humidity
B) El Niña D) Periods of Intense Rainfall

3. Typhoon “Sendong” was known internationally as ____ ?

A) Typhoon ‘Washi’ C) Typhoon ‘Haiyan’
B) Typhoon ‘Bopha’ D) Typhoon ‘Yolanda’

4. Minimization of risks – is a term which means?

A) Geological Processes C) Creation of TWG
B) Hazard control D) Create a small group

5. It is important to know the following when reading the map.

A) Symbols and Scale C) Direction
B) Distance D) All of the above

6. Geologic hazards includes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and __?

A. Sinkholes C) Rain-induced landslides
B. Wildfires D) Both A and C

7. A geological hazard that is characterized by caving in of the ground is called?

A) Sinkholes C) Mudslides
B) Earthquakes D) Landslides

8. Which item below is not included in preparing for an emergency?

A) Spare Batteries C) Whistle
B) Medicine Kit D) Ball

9. How many typhoons in a year passes through the PAR?

A) 20 C) 30
B) 28 D) 38

10. When you are caught in a landslide, you should?

A) Lay flat on the ground C) rescue someone
B) Move slowly away D) Move out quickly from the debris path

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 Lesson
Hydro- Meteorological Hazards
1 Phenomena

What I Need to Know

Many organizations around the world have different programs that addressed the
different studies concerning to the natural hazards of hydro-meteorological phenomena and
how to attenuate their effects. Among these hazards that results from the natural processes
or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature - are floods, tropical
cyclones, drought and desertification. Climate change has a big impact of these natural
hazards expected to rise. So much more about climate change, let may ask you about this.”
Have you already encountered the words hydro-meteorological phenomena? What comes in
your mind if you heard that words? What are the effects or hazard of these phenomena in
our lives? Can you identify each hazard from one another? Before, we proceed to further
discussion on hydro-meteorological hazard. Let us find first where the words hydro-
meteorological come from?

Hydro means water. Meteorological is a phenomenon that are observable weather

events which illuminate and are explained by the science of meteorology.

Remember this!!!!!

Meteorology is a branch of science that deals with the study

of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes
and forecasting.

Hydrology is the study of water on the surface of land, in soil

and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere,
particularly with respect to evaporation and
precipitation.

Hydrometeorology is the study of atmospheric water especially precipitation, as it

affects agriculture, water supply, food control, power generation, etc. It pertains to the
occurrence, motion, and changes of state of atmospheric water (Disaster Reduction
Resource Manual, 2008).

Before the lesson proper, we will first review and get oriented to the words and
terminologies commonly used related to hydro-meteorological hazard. How do we do this?

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Let us Perform Activity 1: Find the WORD

Do It Cross It!!!

A C O L T N A S
T Y P H O O N T
E C T E L T D O
F L O O D H S R
R O L U O A L M
O N A G L E I P
M E L N I Ň O I

Typhoon Cyclone

Flood Storm

Hydro-meteorological Phenomena
El Niño
Cyclone, Typhoon or Hurricane
- The most prevailing type of hydro-meteorological hazards in the country is typhoon
and its sequential effects of rain and windstorms, as well as floods. What is typhoon? Have
you heard the word cyclone and hurricane? Are the terms cyclone, typhoon and hurricane
similar?

Aerial Image of Cyclone (Hurricane Ivan Sept. 2014)

HURRICANE? CYCLONE? TYPHOON? Those three words are similar they are all
tropical cyclone but they just use distinctive terms for a storm in different parts of the world.
A cyclone is an intense low pressure area which is characterized by strong spiral winds
towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise flow in the northern hemisphere.
Like tornadoes, typhoons happen when warm air mixes with cold air, creating intense wind,
rain and flooding. Typhoons and hurricanes are the same type of storm, but they happen in
different places. Typhoons occur in the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii and Asia (northwest
Pacific). Hurricanes occur on the eastern seaboard along the United States and Central
America (northeast Pacific)
Study the table below. It shows the Modified Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS) in the
Philippines. Familiarize it.

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As student and as citizen in the country you must be aware of the PSWS for you to
be prepared in times typhoon or strong typhoon comes. Each PSWS has its corresponding
wind speed, lead time and the impacts it brings. It is also the basis for the suspension of
classes in different levels. To the area with no storm signal, it is then the discretion of the
Local Government Units personnel to suspend or not to suspend the class. Below are the
automatic suspension guidelines released by the Department of Education on the
suspension of classes per reference to DepEd Order No. 43 series of 2012, stipulated in
Executive Order No 66 series of 2012.You should follow what the Local Government
ordered in times of disaster.

It is important to listen a news on to. or in radio. As PSWS is issued an information

regarding typhoon or cyclone, you should be aware on what are expected and Plan the
steps are you going to go through. Constant listening to the latest weather update is highly
advised. Color coding is usually uttered by the weather specialist. For you to have a clear
understanding about the color-coded rainfall advisories, stuffy.
Study the color-coded rainfall advisories

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Hydro-meteorological Hazards

Tropical Cyclone

1. Strong Wind

Strong wind hit the Eastern Samar Province in

central Philippines last May 13,2020 lots uptooted
trees on the street, as Typhoon Vongfong battered
the country. Credit...Alren Beronio/Agence France-
Presse — Getty Images. Strong winds and heavy
rain have also battered the island of Bohol, which
was devastated by a 7.2-magnitude earthquake
three weeks ago. More than 270,000 people in the
area are already living under tarpaulins and in
makeshift shelters, and the extreme weather
threatens to intensify the humanitarian emergency
last November 2013.

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1. Excessive Rainfall/ Flood
Kinds of Flooding base upon:

a. Location

a.1 . River Flooding - when the water normally flowing in the channel overflows its banks
and spreads out onto the surrounding land. This causes major problems for people living
close to the river.

a.2 Coastal Flooding- occurs when normally dry, low-lying land is flooded by seawater.
The extent of coastal flooding is a function of the elevation inland flood waters penetrate
which is controlled by the topography of the coastal land exposed to flooding.

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a.3 Urban Flooding - is the inundation of land or property in a built environment,
particularly in more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity
of drainage systems, such as storm sewers.

Look like what happened to Cagayan de Oro City when there is heavy rain.

b. Duration
b.1 Flash Flooding - is a rapid flooding of low-lying areas: washes, rivers, dry lakes and
depressions. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm,
hurricane, tropical storm, or melt water from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or
snowfields.

b.2 Sheet Flooding - an expanse of moving water into which the transient streams of arid
regions spread out as they issue from the mountains upon the plains.

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2. Storm Surge in Coastal Areas- a rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric
pressure changes and wind associated with a storm.

3. Landslide- it is the movement of rock, earth or debris down a sloped section of land.
It caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factor that make the slope unstable.

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5 . Thunderstorm - is a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy
rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado. It is a violent local atmospheric
disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder, and heavy rain.

6 . La Niña / El Niñ0- La Niña is the abnormal cooling of sea surface temperatures that
cause heavy rainfall while El Niño refers to the abnormal warming of sea surface
temperatures in the Pacific, which causes droughts and below-normal rainfall. It has brought
losses to Philippine agriculture. Approximately, La Nina is the
opposite of El Nino. Each El Nino or La Nina episode usually lasts for several seasons
(Disaster Reduction Resource Manual, 2008)

Activity 1

Reflection Time!!!!!
Instruction; Write a short paragraph on your reflection to the following questions.

1. What can I do to prepare for a disaster in my community?

2. How can I help others affected by disasters?

Activity 2
Instruction:

Student should create a disaster preparedness resource or do a project to respond to

a disaster that’s already happened. Encourage students to think about how they can use
their skills and learnings on the topic.

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 Lesson
Different Hydro-meteorological
2 Hazard Maps

Have you heard about hazard map? Have you seen one? If not, then it is time for you
to see and locate your place and try to check if you are located in a hazardous area or not. It
is important to know the location where you are living for the safety of your family.

a. Here is the Geohazard map of the Province of Bukdinon (Landslide and Flood)
b.

A map shown on is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of Bukidnon Province.

For you to understand the hazard map better, have it enlarged and use the legend. Places
highlighted with YELLOW and WHITE color means Low susceptibility on flooding and debris
flow. GREEN and VIOLET is MODERATE susceptibility to landslide while RED and BLUE
color is HIGH susceptibility to landslide and flooding and ORANGE and DARK BLUE is very
high susceptibility to landslide and flooding.

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a. A map shown on the next page is a Landslide and Flood Susceptibility Map of
Misamis Oriental where Cagayan de Oro is located and Bukidnon Province. Can you
locate Cagayan de Oro City? For you to understand the hazard map better, have it
enlarged and use the legend.

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 Any site in our place has different kind of soil. Soil has a vital role to point out the
place where prone to disaster especially the landslide . The next map shown the different
type of soil located to the different places of Bukidnon Province, Misamis Oriental and in
Cagayan de Oro. Look at the figure below and try to identify what kind of soil is the place
where your house is built. Use the legend below the map.

What I Can Do

1. Using the map above (You may ask the students to have the map enlarged).
2. Ask the students to interpret the hazard maps of Cagayan de Oro City and:
a. locates the landslide prone and flood-prone barangays in Cagayan de Oro City; &
b. list or group the barangays according to the kind of soil.
3. Let the students write their Reflection in their reflective journal.

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 Lesson
Available Tools for Monitoring
3 Hydro-meteorological Hazards

Natural hazards cannot be prevented but its impacts can be reduced and mitigated if
the capacity of the community is increased. One way of increasing the community’s capacity
is by constant monitoring. Hydro-meteorological monitoring can only be done if there are
experts who will do the monitoring and of course with the use of monitoring tools. Now, what
are the available tools used in monitoring hydro-meteorological hazards? That is one of the
roles of the local government to provide a necessary tool for disasters.

Flash Flood Early Warning System (EWS)

1. RAIN GAUGE

Automatic Rain Gauge is an early warning device used in monitoring hydro-meteorological

hazards.

2. STREAM GAUGE

Water level stream gauge.

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3. SIREN

4. INTERNET ACCESS
Aside from these devices hydro-meteorological, mentioned monitoring can also be done by
surfing at the internet. Some of these are:
1. asti predict
2. noah.dost.gov.ph

The above monitoring tools are the basis for the CDRRMC EVACUATION PROTOCOLS
together with the use of weather website. The next figures show the warning protocols, the
meaning of alert levels through color coding. Study each figure for you to be aware on
evacuation protocols. Once you internalize its meaning and application, there is no need for
you to ask somebody when the weather specialist or any authorized personnel mentions
these terms especially when there is a natural hazard.

Alert levels through color coding have been used by the CDRRMC in giving
information to the public on the updates of the situation in times of hazards. This is to
standardize the system and procedures of alerting at the City Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (CDRRMC) and the BDRRMC. This is also to have unification on the
systems and procedures in giving alert that can be replicated at the level of BDRRMC as
well as to resolve discrepancies in alerting procedures. Study the Alert Levels below.

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 The color coded alert is very easy to memorize just like the traffic lights. When the
weather specialist will give the advisory that the alert level is YELLOW, it signifies that
residents should be on the ‘READY’ status. When the Orange alert level is issued, the 39
residents should be on the “Get Set” status. Residents should move when the RED alert
level is issued.

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 Other colors are also used by the CDRRMC for alert levels as signal for the public
and these are WHITE, BLUE and RED. For its corresponding meaning, refer to the table
below.

Activity 4: Apply and Do What You Know.

Instruction: Identify and discuss the use of the available monitoring tools for hydro-
meteorological in your community. Tell the location where the tools located.

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –Division of Cagayan de Oro City

Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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