Fuzzy

sets, Membership
Functions
Lecture 13
Classical Set

…………………………………….….
Classical Set
Set Operations\Complement
Set Operations\Complement
Set Operations\Complement
Set Operations\Union
Set Operations\Union
Set Operations\Intersection
Set Operations\Intersection
Fuzzy Sets
Fuzzy Sets
Fuzzy Sets
Classical sets Vs. Fuzzy Sets
• Example: the set of tall men….
We say that people taller than or equal to 170 cm are tall.
Classical sets Vs. Fuzzy Sets
• The function shown describes the membership of the 'tall' set
• This sharp edged membership function.
• The membership function makes no distinction between
somebody who is 170cm and someone who is 190cm…. they
are both simply tall.
• The other side….If we consider 169cm and 170cm man
• however this membership function just says one is tall and the
other is not tall.
Classical sets Vs. Fuzzy Sets
• The fuzzy set approach provides a much better representation
of the tallness of a person..
• The membership function defines the fuzzy set for the
possible values underneath of it on the horizontal axis. The
vertical axis, on a scale of 0 to 1
Membership Functions
Membership Functions
Membership Functions
Membership Functions\Example
Operations on Fuzzy Sets
Operations on Fuzzy Sets
Operations on Fuzzy Sets
Operations on Fuzzy Sets
Degree of Membership\Example
• Calculate AÙB given that A is .4 and B is 20
A B
1 1

0 0
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

• Determine degrees of membership

 A B
1 1
0.9
0.7

0 0
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Determine degrees of membership:

• A = 0.7 B = 0.9
Fuzzy Union\Example
• AÚB = max(A, B)
• AÚB = C "Quality C is the disjunction of Quality A and B“

• (AÚB = C) Þ (C = 0.75)

A B
1 1

0.75

0.375

0 0
Fuzzy Intersection\Example
• AÙB = min(A, B)
• AÙB = C "Quality C is the conjunction of Quality A and B"

• (AÙB = C) Þ (C = 0.375)

A B
1 1

0.75

0.375

0 0
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Fuzzy Linguistic Variables are used to represent qualities
spanning a particular spectrum
• Temp: {Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}
• Membership Function
• Question: What is the temperature?
• Answer: It is warm.
• Question: How warm is it?
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• How cool is 36 F° ?

Freezing Cool Warm Hot

1

0
10 30 50 70 90 110
Temp. (F°)
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• It is 30% Cool and 70% Freezing

Freezing Cool Warm Hot

1

0.7

0.3

0
10 30 50 70 90 110
Temp. (F°)
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Fuzzy Control combines the use of fuzzy linguistic variables
with fuzzy logic

• Example: Speed Control

• How fast am I going to drive today?
• It depends on the weather.
• Disjunction of Conjunctions
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Inputs: Temperature, Cloud Cover
Freezing Cool Warm Hot
1

• Temp: {Freezing, Cool, Warm, Hot}

0
10 30 50 70 90 110
Temp. (F°)

Sunny Partly Cloudy Overcast

1

• Cover: {Sunny, Partly, Overcast}

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cloud Cover (%)
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Speed: {Slow, Fast}

Slow Fast
1

0
0 25 50 75 100
Speed (mph)
Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Rules
• If it's Sunny and Warm, drive Fast
Sunny(Cover)ÙWarm(Temp)Þ Fast(Speed)

• If it's Cloudy and Cool, drive Slow

Cloudy(Cover)ÙCool(Temp)Þ Slow(Speed)

• Driving Speed is the combination of output of these rules...

• How fast will I go if it is 65 F° and 25 % Cloud Cover ?
Fuzzification:
Calculate Input Membership
Levels 1
Freezing Cool Warm Hot

• 65 F° Þ Cool = 0.4, Warm= 0.7 0

10 30 50 70 90 110
Temp. (F°)

Sunny Partly Cloudy Overcast

1

• 25% Cover ÞSunny = 0.8, Cloudy = 0.2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cloud Cover (%)
Rules
• If it's Sunny and Warm, drive Fast
Sunny(Cover)ÙWarm(Temp)ÞFast(Speed)
0.8 Ù 0.7 = 0.7
Þ Fast = 0.7

• If it's Cloudy and Cool, drive Slow

Cloudy(Cover)ÙCool(Temp)ÞSlow(Speed)
0.2 Ù 0.4 = 0.2
Þ Slow = 0.2
Defuzzification:
Constructing the Output
• Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast

Slow Fast
1

0
0 25 50 75 100
Speed (mph)

• Find centroids: Location where membership is 100%

Fuzzy\ Step By Step Example
• Speed is 20% Slow and 70% Fast

Slow Fast
1

0
0 25 50 75 100
Speed (mph)

Speed = weighted mean

= (2*25+7*75)/(9)
= 63.8 mph
Steps by Step Approach
• Fuzzification
• Membership functions used to graphically describe a situation
• Evaluation of Rules
• Application of the fuzzy logic rules
• Diffuzification
• Obtaining the crisp results
Control block
Crisp Input

Fuzzification Input Membership Functions

Fuzzy Input

Rule Evaluation Rules / Inferences

Fuzzy Output

Defuzzification Output Membership Functions

Crisp Output
Example (2)
Traditional Logic
Fuzzy Logic
Summary