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    2.bones of Trunk & Limbs

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    There are 206 bones in the adult human body. Bones are classified by their position in the skeleton and shape. The trunk contains 26 vertebrae arranged in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and sacrum, as well as the sternum and 24 ribs. Key features of vertebrae include the vertebral body, arch, and processes. Regional variations exist among different vertebrae. The limbs contain bones such as the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    2.bones of Trunk & Limbs

    Uploaded by

    Rio
    95 views19 pages
    There are 206 bones in the adult human body. Bones are classified by their position in the skeleton and shape. The trunk contains 26 vertebrae arranged in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and sacrum, as well as the sternum and 24 ribs. Key features of vertebrae include the vertebral body, arch, and processes. Regional variations exist among different vertebrae. The limbs contain bones such as the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    2.Bones of Trunk & Limbs

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    There are 206 bones in the adult human body. Bones are classified by their position in the skeleton and shape. The trunk contains 26 vertebrae arranged in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and sacrum, as well as the sternum and 24 ribs. Key features of vertebrae include the vertebral body, arch, and processes. Regional variations exist among different vertebrae. The limbs contain bones such as the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    95 views19 pages

    2.bones of Trunk & Limbs

    Uploaded by

    Rio
    There are 206 bones in the adult human body. Bones are classified by their position in the skeleton and shape. The trunk contains 26 vertebrae arranged in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions and sacrum, as well as the sternum and 24 ribs. Key features of vertebrae include the vertebral body, arch, and processes. Regional variations exist among different vertebrae. The limbs contain bones such as the clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, hip bone, femur, tibia, fibula, and bones of the hands and feet.

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    Introduction of the osteology

    ◼ There are 206 bones in adult.

    ◼ Classification of bones
    1.The position can be:
    ❑ Skull

    ❑ Bones of trunk

    ❑ Bones of limbs

    2.Types of shape include:


    ❑ long bone

    ❑ short bone

    ❑ flat bone

    ❑ irregular bone
    Bones of trunk
    ◼ Composition: bones of vertebral column (26),
    sternum (1) and ribs (24).

    Bones of vertebral column


    There are 26 bones of vertebral column in adult,
    arranged as follows:
    ◼ Cervical vertebrae C7
    ◼ Thoracic vertebrae T12
    ◼ Lumbar vertebrae L5
    ◼ Sacrum S1
    ◼ Coccyx Co1
    General features of vertebrae
    ◼ Vertebral body
    ◼ Vertebral arch
    sup. and inf. vertebral notch
    椎上、下切迹
    ◼ process (7):
    ❑ spinous process
    ❑ transverse process
    ❑ sup. and inf. articular processes

    ◼ Vertebral foramen
    ◼ Vertebral canal
    ◼ Intervertebral foramen
    Regional variations of vertebrae

    Cervical vertebrae
    ◼ Spinous processes:

    short and bifid in C2 to C6,


    long in C7.

    ◼ Transverse processes:

    transverse foramen
    Thoracic vertebrae
    ◼ superior and inferior costal fovea

    ◼ transverse costal fovea

    ◼ Spinous processes：
    long, point obliquely downward
    Lumbar vertebrae
    ◼ Vertebrae Body：

    larger, kidney-shape

    ◼ Spinous processes:

    point horizontally
    Sacrum and coccyx

    ◼ Anterior surface:
    promontory（岬）
    anterior sacral foramina
    ◼ Posterior surface:
    posterior sacral foramina
    sacral canal
    Sternum
    ◼ Manubrium sterni
    like a hexagon(六边形)
    ◼ Body of sternum
    ◼ Xiphoid process
    ★ Sternal angle is the junction
    of manubrium and body, which
    connects 2nd costal cartilage
    laterally.
    Ribs: 12 pair
    ◼ Including costal cartilage

    ◼ General features
    ❑ Ribs 1~7 called true ribs.

    ❑ Ribs 8~10 called false ribs.

    ❑ Ribs 11~12 called floating ribs.


    Bones of limbs

    Acromial end
    Sternal end

    Clavicle
    Scapula

    Superior angle Acromion Coracoid


    process
    Supraspinous Glenoid
    fossa cavity

    Infraspinous Spine
    fossa

    Subscapular
    Inferior angle
    fossa
    Humerus
    Lesser tubercle
    Head of humerus
    Greater tubercle

    Surgical neck

    Deltoid tuberosity

    Groove for radial nerve

    Olecranon fossa
    Coronoid fossa
    Trochlea of humerus
    ulna、radius
    olecranon
    Trochlear notch

    Head of radius
    Coronoid
    Radial tuberosity process

    Styloid process
    Styloid process
    Bones of the hand

    Carpal bones 8

    Metacarpal bones 5

    Phalanges of fingers 14
    proximal, middle and distal phalanx
    Hip bone
    iliac crest

    anterior superior
    iliac spine iliac fossa
    Ilium

    ischial acetabulum pecten arcuate


    spine pubis line
    Pubis pubic tubercle
    Ischium
    ischial obturator
    tuberosity foramen
    external view internal view
    Femoral head
    Femur
    Neck of femur
    Greater trochanter

    Lesser
    trochanter

    Patellar surface

    Lateral condyle Medial condyle


    Patella
    Fibula 、 Tibia
    Intercondylar eminence

    Fibular head
    Fibular neck
    Tibial tuberosity

    Lateral malleolus
    Medial malleolus
    Bones of foot

    Phalanges of toes
    (14)

    Metatarsal bones
    (5)

    Tarsal bones
    (7)

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