FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION BY MINUTIA
MATCHING
Dilruba Sharmeen
Student ID: 06310047
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
January 2008
DECLARATION
In accordance with the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of
Electronics and Communication Engineering in the Division of Computer
Science and Engineering, I am presenting this thesis paper entitled,
‘FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION BY MINUTIA MATCHING’. This project
has been performed under the supervisor of Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury.
I hereby declare that this thesis is based on the results found by
myself. Materials of work found by other researcher are mentioned by
reference. This thesis, neither in whole nor in part, has been previously
submitted for any degree.
Signature of Signature of
Supervisor Author
(Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury) (Dilruba Sharmeen)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
At first my heartiest gratitude goes to Almighty Allah, without his
divine blessing it would not be possible for me to complete this project
successfully. To make the thesis feasible and giving the opportunity to
work on such a different and experimental project I would like to express
my great gratefulness towards my supervisor Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury
who has given me suggestion, support and assist to a great extent at all
times.
I also would like to thank all others who gave me support for the
thesis or in other aspects of my study at BRAC UNIVERSITY.
Author: Dilruba Sharmeen
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ABSTRACT
In this thesis a current technique for fingerprint recognition has
been investigated. It includes image preprocessing, feature extraction,
post processing and feature match. For each sub-task some methods like-
Image enhancement, image binarization, image segmentation and some
morphological operations has analyzed. Based on the analysis, an
integrated solution for fingerprint recognition is developed for
demonstration.
The demonstration program has coded using MATLAB 7.1. The
performances have shown by experiments conducted upon a variety of
fingerprint images. Also, the experiments illustrate the key issues of
fingerprint recognition that are consistent with this conversation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Declaration ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v- vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figure viii
Chapter 1 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to Biometrics 1
1.1.1 Biometric System 1
1.1.2 Why Fingerprints are so Good for use in Biometrics? 2-3
1.2. Introduction to Fingerprints 4
1.2.1 What is a Fingerprint? 4
1.3 Fingerprint Patterns 6
1.4 What is Fingerprint Recognition? 7
1.4.1 What is the scheme to avoid False Rejection in a Fingerprint Authentication? 9
1.4.2 How do wounds affect Fingerprint Recognition? 9
1.5 Three Approaches for fingerprint Recognition 9
Chapter 2
2.0 Minutia based other Techniques 12
2.1 Direct gray-Scale Minutia Extraction 12
2.2 Minutia Matching with Pre-Alignment 13-14
2.3 Minutia Matching Avoiding Alignment 15
Chapter 3
3.0 System Design 16
3.1 System Level Design 16
3.1.1 Fingerprint Sensing and Storage 16-17
3.1.2 Which type of Sensor is the best? 18
3.2 Algorithm Level Design 18
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Chapter 4
4.0 Fingerprint Image Pre-Processing 21
4.1 Fingerprint Image Enhancement 21-25
4.2 Fingerprint Image Binarization 25-26
4.3 Fingerprint Image Segmentation 26
4.3.1 Morpholpgy 27
Chapter 5
5.0 Minutia Extraction 28
4.1 4. 5.1 Fingerprint Ridge Thinning 28
5.2 Connected Component-Labeling 29
5.3 Minutia Marking 30
5.4 Average Inter Ridge Width 31
Chapter 6
6.0 Fingerprint Image Post-Processing 32
6.1 False Minutia Removal 32-36
6.2 Unify Minutia Representation Feature Vectors 36
Chapter 7
7.0 Minutia Match 39
7.1 Match Period 39
7.1.1 Alignment Stage 39-41
66.1.2 7.1.2 Match Stage 42
Chapter 8
8.0 Performance Measurement 43-44
8.1 Experimentation Results 45
8.1.1 Evaluation for Changed Images 45-47
8.1.2 Evaluation for Different Images 47-49
Chapter 9
9.0 Conclusion 50
9.1 Future Work 50
References 51
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
Table1: Match results of Changed Images………………………… 46-47
Table2: Match results of Different Images…………………………. 48
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LIST OF FIGURES
No of FIGURES Page No
Figure- 1.1.1 02
Figure- 1.2.1 04
Figure- 1.2.2 06
Figure- 1.2.3 06
Figure- 1.3.1 07
Figure- 1.4.0 07
Figure- 2.1.1 12
Figure- 2.1.2 13
Figure- 3.1.0 16
Figure- 3.1.1 17
Figure- 3.2.1 19
Figure- 3.2.2 19
Figure- 4.1.1 22
Figure- 4.1.2 23
Figure- 4.1.3 24
Figure- 4.2.1 26
Figure- 4.3.1 27
Figure- 5.1.1 28
Figure- 5.2.1 30
Figure- 5.3.1 31
Figure- 5.3.2 31
Figure- 6.1.1 33
Figure- 6.1.2 33
Figure- 6.1.3 35
Figure- 6.1.4 36
Figure- 6.2.1 37
Figure- 6.2.2 38
Figure- 8.1.1 45
Figure- 8.2.1 47
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