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A. Design of Flanged Beam Section

The document provides the design of an intermediate flanged beam for a classroom hall. The beam is designed to satisfy limit states of collapse and serviceability. The beam's geometric properties are designed, including a width of 300mm, effective depth of 555mm, and overall depth of 615mm. Reinforcement is designed using limit state design principles. Tension reinforcement of 5 #25mm bars is provided. Shear reinforcement of 10mm stirrups at 300mm c/c is designed to resist the factored shear force of 184.509kN. Development lengths are checked to be adequate at the beam ends.

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Wilson Patyal
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389 views

A. Design of Flanged Beam Section

The document provides the design of an intermediate flanged beam for a classroom hall. The beam is designed to satisfy limit states of collapse and serviceability. The beam's geometric properties are designed, including a width of 300mm, effective depth of 555mm, and overall depth of 615mm. Reinforcement is designed using limit state design principles. Tension reinforcement of 5 #25mm bars is provided. Shear reinforcement of 10mm stirrups at 300mm c/c is designed to resist the factored shear force of 184.509kN. Development lengths are checked to be adequate at the beam ends.

Uploaded by

Wilson Patyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q.

1 Design the intermediate flanged beam on the floor of a classroom hall measuring 20 m x
8 m, simply supported on two walls 300 mm thick, clear span 8 m and the beam carries a super-
imposed load of 3 kN/m2 in addition to self-weight to provide 2 hours fire resistance. The floor
consists of 6 beams spaced 4 m center to center with slab thickness as 130 mm. Take the grade of
concrete and steel as M20 and Fe415. Design a beam to satisfy the limit state of collapse and
limit state of serviceability.

Sol. A. Design of Geometrical Size of Flanged Beam Section

a. Design of Flanged Beam Section

1. Limiting depth of N.A.


For M20 concrete mix, , fck = 20 N/mm2
For Fe415 grade of reinforcement bars, fy = 415 N/mm2
According to IS 456-2000 Cl. 38.1 based on yield strength of Steel ( fy)
xu lim / d = 0.480

2. Breadth of beam web (bw):


2.1.1. On the basis of fire resistance as per IS 456-2000 Cl. 21.4
bw = 200mm < rib width of slab =
2.1.2. On the basis of width of wall
bw = 300mm
Choose to provide Breadth of beam bw =300mm

3. Effective span (l):


3.1. As per IS 456:2000 Cl. 22.2, effective span is lesser of the following:
3.1.1. Center to center distance between two supports
= clear span + 300/2 + 300/2
= 8000 + 150 +150
= 8300 mm

3.1.2. Clear span + effective depth


3.1.2.1. Effective depth as per IS 456:2000 Cl. 23.2.1, for simply supported beam
of span < 10 m:
l/d = 20
d = 8300/20 = 415 mm
Hence effective span = 8000 + 415
= 8415 mm
As 8300 mm < 8415
Hence effective span l = 8300 mm

4. Width of flange (bf):


4.1. Least of the following:
4.1.1. As per IS 456:2000 Cl. 23.1.2
bf = l ̥ / 6 + bw + 6Df
( l ̥ may be assumed = effective span for simply supported beams)
bf = (8300/ 6) + 300 + (6 x 130)
= 2463.33 mm
4.1.2. bf = bw + 0.5(sum of clear distances to adjacent beams on either side)
= 300 + 0.5( 2 x (4000-300))
= 4000 mm
Hence adopt bf = 2463.33 = 2470 mm
5. Effective depth of flanged beam (d):
5.1. As calculated in 3.1.2.1
l/d = 20
d = 8300/20 = 415 mm

5.2. Using IS 456:2000 Fig.4


bw/bf = 300 / 2470 = 0.121
Hence, Modification Factor = 0.75

As per IS 456:2000 Cl. 23.2.1.


l/d = 20 x Modification Factor
d = l / (20 x modification factor)
d = 8300/(20x0.75)
d = 553.33 = 555 mm

5.3. Using d/b ratio 1.5 to 3:


When, d/b = 1.8
We get, d = 1.8 x b = 1.8 x 300
= 540 mm
Choose d = 555 mm

6. Overall Depth of the Flanged Beam (D):


Considering moderate exposure (IS 456-2000 Table:16) & 2 hours of fire resistance (IS
456-2000 Table:16A), assume to provide nominal (clear) cover = 40 mm, using 20 mm bars
with 10 mm dia stirrups:
D = effective depth + clear cover + dia of stirrups + 0.5dia of tension
reinforcement
= 555 + 40 + 10 + 20/2
D = 615 mm

7. Load Calculation:
Self-weight of slab (dead load) / m2 = Df x unit weight
= 0.130 x 25
= 3.25 kN/m2
Live or Imposed Load/m2 = 3 kN/m2
Floor finish = 0.25 kN/m2
Total Load per metre run of the beam = 6.5 kN/m2 x 4m
= 26 kN/m
Self-weight of beam web (dead load) / m = b x (D – Df) x unit weight
= 0.300 x (0.615 – 0.130) x 25
= 3.64 kN/m
Hence, total working/applied load = 29.64 kN/m
Factored Load (wu) = 1.5*29.64
wu = 44.46 kN/m

Factored Bending Moment (Mu) = (wu*l2)/8


= ((44.46)*(8.3)2)/8
Mu = 382.856 kNm

Factored Shear Force (Vu) = ( wu*l )/2


= (44.46*8.3)/2
Vu = 184.509 kN

8. Limiting moment:
Mulim = 0.446 fck bf Df (d – 0.5 Df)
= 0.446 x 20 x 2470 x 130 (550 – ( 0.5 x 130 ))
= 1389.143 kNm
As, Mu = 382.856 kNm < Mulim = 1389.143 kNm
Hence, a singly reinforced section has to be provided.

9. Determining depth of N.A.:


Assuming xu = Df = 130 mm,
MuR = 0.362 x fck x bf x Df (d – 0.416 Df)
= 0.362 x 20 x 2470 x 130 ( 555 – (0.416 x 130 ))
= 1164.52 kNm
As, Mu = 382.856 kNm < MuR = 1164.143 kNm
i.e. N.A. is within the flange or xu < Df.

b. Design of Reinforcement

1. Tension reinforcement:
Mu = MuD = 0.87 fy Ast d [ 1 – ((fy x Ast)/(fck x bf x d)) ]
382.856 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 555 x [ 1 – ((415 x Ast)/(20 x 2470 x 555)) ]
1910.6235 = Ast x [ 1 – ( Ast / 66065.06) ]
Ast2 - 66065.06 Ast + 126225456.1649 = 0
Hence, Ast = 1969.327 mm2
Minimum tension reinforcement shall not be less than the following (IS 456-2000 clause
26.5.1.1(a)):
Ast,min / bd = 0.85 / fy
Ast,min = 0.85*bd / fy
= ( 0.85 x 300 x 555 )/415
= 341.024 mm2
Maximum tension reinforcement shall not be less than the following (IS 456-2000 clause
26.5.1.1(a)):
Ast,max = 0.04*b*D
= 0.04*300*615
= 7380 mm2
Ast,min = 341.024 mm2 < Ast,prov = 1969.327 mm2 < Ast,max = 7380 mm2 (OK)

No of 25 mm dia tension bars required for singly reinforced balanced section:


N = Ast / ast = ( 4 x 1969.327) / ( π x252 )
= 4.011
=5
Hence 5 nos 25 mm dia tension bars are provided in tension zone.
Actual area of steel provided in tension zone:
Astprov = 5 x [ ( π x 252 )/ 4 ]
= 5 x 490.87
= 2454.37 mm2
Hence, 5 nos 25 mm dia bars are provided in tension zone & 12 mm dia hanger bars are provided
in compression zone.

Curtailment of tension reinforcement:


xmid = ( l/2 ) √( Nx / Nmax) from center of span can be curtailed
xmid = ( 8.3/2 ) √( 2/3 ) = 3.388 m from center of span can be curtailed
xsup-mid = ( l-2*xmid ) / 2
= ( 8.3 – 2*3.388 ) / 2
= 0.762 m from center of supports can be curtailed.
But, this distance x = 0.762 should be ≥ development length of bar to be curtailed.
Hence, 2 nos 25 mm dia bars are curtailed at 0.762 m from center of supports on both ends of
the beam, & remaining 3 nos 25 mm dia bars are provided in full length in the tension zone.

2. Shear Reinforcement:
a. Nominal shear force:
As per IS 456: 2000 Cl. 31.6 distance of theoretical center of support from the face.
= d/2 = 0.555/2 = 0.2775 m
Nominal SF, Vu = ( wu x l )/2 - wu( d + d/2 )
= ( 44460 x 8.3 )/2 – 44460( 0.555 + 0.555/2 )
Vu = 147496.05 N

b. Nominal shear stress in beam:


τv = Vu/bd = 147496.05 / (300x555)
τv = 0.8859 N/mm2

c. Shear strength in concrete:


Pt/100 = Ast/bd = ( fck/2fy )[ 1- √(1-4.598(R/fck)) ]
Where, R = Mu /bd2 = 382.856 x 106 / (300 x 555 x 555)
R = 4.143 N/mm2
Pt/100 = Ast/bd = ( 20 /2x415 )[ 1- √(1-4.598(4.143/20)) ]
= 0.01884
(Ast x 100)/ bd= 0.01884 x 100
= 1.884
As per IS 456: 2000 Table 19,
τc = 0.77 N/mm2

d. Comparing τv with τc and (τc)max:


τv = 0.8859 > τc = 0.77 (Shear reinforcement is required)
τv = 0.8859 ≤ τcmax = 2.8 (For M20 using IS 456: 2000 Table 20)

e. Spacing of stirrups:
i. Using IS 456: 2000 Cl. 40.4
sv = ( 0.87 x fy x Asv x d )/ Vus
Where, Vus = Vu – ( τc x bd ) = ( τv – τc ) x bd
= ( 0.8859 – 0.77 ) x 300 x 555
= 18315 N
sv = ( 0.87 x 415 x ( 2 x π x 102 / 4 ) x 555 )/ 18315
sv = 1718.59 mm
ii. As per IS 456:2000 Cl. 26.5.1.6
sv ≤ (2.175 x Asv x fy )/b
sv ≤ (2.175 x ( 2 x π x 102 / 4 ) x 415 )/300
sv ≤ 472.61 mm
iii. As per IS 456:2000 Cl. 26.5.1.5
sv = 300 mm

Hence provide 10 mm dia 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 300 mm c/c

3. Properties:
Shear resistance of concrete:
= 0.5τcbd
= 0.5 x 0.77 x 300 x 555
= 64.102 kN
The distance where no shear reinforcement is required from support is where SF reduces
to 64.102 kN.

a. x1/64.102 = 4.15/184.509
x1 = 1.44 m from center of span
b. y1 = 4.15 – 1.44
= 2.71 m from center of supports
c. z1 = 2.71 – 0.15
= 2.56 m from inner face of support.
Hence provide 10 mm dia 2-legged vertical stirrups @ 300 mm c/c at a distance 2.71 m
from center of supports. IS 456: 2000 recommends max spacing @ 300 mm c/c at a distance of
0.889 m from mid span, so provided.

4. Check for development length at ends:


As per IS 456-2000 Cl. 26.2.1
Ld = ( ф0.87fy )/( 4τbd )
= ( 25 x 0.87 x 415 )/( 4 x 1.2 x 1.6 )
Ld = 1175.29 mm

As per IS 456-2000 Cl. 26.2.3.3


Ld ≤ M1/V + Lo
Where, M1 = 0.87 fy Ast1 (d-0.416xu)
= 0.87x415x ((3 x π x 252)/4) (555 – (0.416 x 246.15))
= 240.64 kNm
(Out of total 5 bars in tension zone, 2 bend up and only 3 are available at the supports)

5. Actual depth of NA(xu):


As per IS 456-2000 Cl. 38.1
xu/d = 50.1458 Ast1 / bd
xu = [ 50.1458 ((3 x π x 252)/4) ] / 300
xu = 246.15 mm

Nominal SF, Vu = wul/2


= (44460 x 8.3) / 2
= 184509 N

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